我正在尝试使用 gles 2 在 android 中绘制一些 3d 线。但它导致了一些奇怪的效果。当我旋转场景/相机时会发生闪烁。但不仅如此，还有一些随机绘制的 2d 线(有时是点)。这是屏幕截图:
虽然这张图片完全没有问题(使用不同的相机角度):
我也尝试过使用 GLES 1 来绘制这些线条并且它起作用了(没有闪烁或随机线条)。也许它与着色器代码有关？顶点着色器取自 android gles 示例，非常简单。
更新: 经过更多尝试，我发现只有当相机偏航(y 轴旋转)超过 90 度时才会发生这种情况。在 0-90 yaw 范围内，线条显示正常。 我究竟做错了什么？ 我正在使用 android v4.4.2 在 Galaxy Tab S 上运行该程序。
下面是用于重现错误图像的完整代码:
主要 Activity :
package com.mycompany.bug_test;
import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView;
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
public class OpenGLES20Activity extends ActionBarActivity {
private GLSurfaceView mGLView = null;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
if ( mGLView == null ) {
mGLView = new MyGLSurfaceView(this);
}
setContentView(mGLView);
}
}
表面 View :
package com.mycompany.bug_test;
import android.content.Context;
import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
class MyGLSurfaceView extends GLSurfaceView {
private final MyGLRenderer mRenderer;
public MyGLSurfaceView(Context context) {
super(context);
setEGLContextClientVersion(2);
mRenderer = new MyGLRenderer();
setRenderer(mRenderer);
}
private final float TOUCH_SCALE_FACTOR = 360.0f;
private float mPreviousX;
private float mPreviousY;
@Override
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent e) {
float x = e.getX();
float y = e.getY();
int action_type = e.getAction();
if ( action_type == MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE ) {
float dx = x - mPreviousX;
float dy = y - mPreviousY;
final float div_mag = 10;
float min_dx = dx;
if ( min_dx > (getRootView().getWidth()/div_mag) ) {min_dx = (getRootView().getWidth()/div_mag);}
if ( min_dx < -(getRootView().getWidth()/div_mag) ) {min_dx = -(getRootView().getWidth()/div_mag);}
float min_dy = dy;
if ( min_dy > (getRootView().getHeight()/div_mag) ) {min_dy = (getRootView().getHeight()/div_mag);}
if ( min_dy < -(getRootView().getHeight()/div_mag) ) {min_dy = -(getRootView().getHeight()/div_mag);}
float new_yaw = ( mRenderer.cam_yaw - (min_dx * TOUCH_SCALE_FACTOR / getRootView().getWidth()) ) % 360;
float new_pitch = mRenderer.cam_pitch + (min_dy * TOUCH_SCALE_FACTOR / getRootView().getHeight());
if ( new_pitch > 89 ) {
new_pitch = 89;
}
if ( new_pitch < -89 ) {
new_pitch = -89;
}
synchronized (mRenderer.CAM_LOCK) {
mRenderer.cam_yaw = new_yaw;
mRenderer.cam_pitch = new_pitch;
}
System.out.println("Yaw=" + new_yaw + " Pitch=" + new_pitch);
}
mPreviousX = x;
mPreviousY = y;
return true;
}
}
还有最重要的部分，GL渲染器:
package com.mycompany.bug_test;
import android.opengl.GLES20;
import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView;
import android.opengl.Matrix;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.ByteOrder;
import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
import javax.microedition.khronos.egl.EGLConfig;
import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10;
public class MyGLRenderer implements GLSurfaceView.Renderer {
private final String vertexShaderCode =
"uniform mat4 uMVPMatrix;" +
"attribute vec4 vPosition;" +
"void main() {" +
" gl_Position = uMVPMatrix * vPosition;" +
"}";
private final String fragmentShaderCode =
"precision mediump float;" +
"uniform vec4 vColor;" +
"void main() {" +
" gl_FragColor = vColor;" +
"}";
private int mProgram;
private int mMVPMatrixHandle;
private int mPositionHandle;
private int mColorHandle;
private final float[] mProjectionMatrix = new float[16];
private final float[] mViewMatrix = new float[16];
float viewAspect;
float fovy = 45;
float fovx = 45;
final Object CAM_LOCK = new Object();
float cam_pos_x = 0;
float cam_pos_y = 0;
float cam_pos_z = 0;
float fcs_pos_x = 0;
float fcs_pos_y = 0;
float fcs_pos_z = 0;
//Try Yaw=246.22672 Pitch=21.992342 with cam_focus_range = 175 to get visible error.
float cam_pitch = 21.992342f;
float cam_yaw = 246.22672f;
float cam_focus_range = 175;
final float line_gap = 100;
final float line_length = 6000;
private final int COORDS_PER_VERTEX = 3;
private final int vertexStride = COORDS_PER_VERTEX * 4; // 4 bytes per vertex
private FloatBuffer vertexBuffer;
private int vertexCount = 0;
public MyGLRenderer() {
float[] GMrkLines = new float[(int)( (line_length / line_gap) + 1 ) * 2 * 2 * COORDS_PER_VERTEX ];
int __P = 0;
for (int ln=0; ln<( (line_length / line_gap) + 1 ); ln++) {
GMrkLines[__P++] = (float)(line_length /2); //x
GMrkLines[__P++] = 0; //y
GMrkLines[__P++] = (float)(line_gap *ln - line_length /2); //z
vertexCount++;
GMrkLines[__P++] = (float)(-line_length /2); //x
GMrkLines[__P++] = 0; //y
GMrkLines[__P++] = (float)(line_gap *ln - line_length /2); //z
vertexCount++;
GMrkLines[__P++] = (float)(line_gap *ln - line_length /2); //x
GMrkLines[__P++] = 0; //y
GMrkLines[__P++] = (float)(line_length /2); //z
vertexCount++;
GMrkLines[__P++] = (float)(line_gap *ln - line_length /2); //x
GMrkLines[__P++] = 0; //y
GMrkLines[__P++] = (float)(-line_length /2); //z
vertexCount++;
}
System.out.println("Vertex count=" + vertexCount);
{
ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(GMrkLines.length * 4);
bb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
vertexBuffer = bb.asFloatBuffer();
vertexBuffer.put(GMrkLines);
vertexBuffer.position(0);
}
}
@Override
public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 unused, EGLConfig config) {
int vertexShader = MyGLRenderer.loadShader(GLES20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vertexShaderCode);
int fragmentShader = MyGLRenderer.loadShader(GLES20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fragmentShaderCode);
mProgram = GLES20.glCreateProgram();
GLES20.glAttachShader(mProgram, vertexShader);
GLES20.glAttachShader(mProgram, fragmentShader);
GLES20.glLinkProgram(mProgram);
GLES20.glUseProgram(mProgram);
mMVPMatrixHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uMVPMatrix");
mPositionHandle = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "vPosition");
mColorHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "vColor");
GLES20.glUniform4fv(mColorHandle, 1, new float[]{0.3f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1}, 0);
GLES20.glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
GLES20.glEnable( GLES20.GL_DEPTH_TEST );
GLES20.glDepthFunc( GLES20.GL_LEQUAL );
GLES20.glLineWidth(4);
}
@Override
public void onDrawFrame(GL10 unused) {
float _cam_pos_x;
float _cam_pos_y;
float _cam_pos_z;
float _fcs_pos_x;
float _fcs_pos_y;
float _fcs_pos_z;
float _cam_pitch;
float _cam_yaw;
synchronized (CAM_LOCK) {
_cam_pos_x = cam_pos_x;
_cam_pos_y = cam_pos_y;
_cam_pos_z = cam_pos_z;
_fcs_pos_x = fcs_pos_x;
_fcs_pos_y = fcs_pos_y;
_fcs_pos_z = fcs_pos_z;
_cam_pitch = cam_pitch;
_cam_yaw = cam_yaw;
}
GLES20.glClear(GLES20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GLES20.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
_fcs_pos_x = 0;
_fcs_pos_y = 0;
_fcs_pos_z = 0;
_cam_pos_y = (float) ( _fcs_pos_y + (cam_focus_range * Math.sin( Math.toRadians(_cam_pitch) )));
double cam_to_focus_horz = cam_focus_range * Math.cos( Math.toRadians(_cam_pitch) );
_cam_pos_x = (float) ( _fcs_pos_x + (cam_to_focus_horz * Math.cos( Math.toRadians(_cam_yaw) )));
_cam_pos_z = (float) ( _fcs_pos_z + (cam_to_focus_horz * Math.sin( Math.toRadians(_cam_yaw) )));
Matrix.setLookAtM(mViewMatrix, 0, _cam_pos_x, _cam_pos_y,_cam_pos_z, _fcs_pos_x, _fcs_pos_y, _fcs_pos_z, 0, 1, 0);
{
float[] mMVPMatrix = new float[16];
Matrix.multiplyMM(mMVPMatrix, 0, mProjectionMatrix, 0, mViewMatrix, 0);
GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(mMVPMatrixHandle, 1, false, mMVPMatrix, 0);
GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(mPositionHandle);
GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(mPositionHandle, COORDS_PER_VERTEX, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false,
vertexStride, vertexBuffer);
GLES20.glDrawArrays(GLES20.GL_LINES, 0, vertexCount);
GLES20.glDisableVertexAttribArray(mPositionHandle);
}
}
@Override
public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 unused, int width, int height) {
if (height <= 0) { // avoid a divide by zero error!
height = 1;
}
viewAspect = (float) width / (float) height;
fovx = fovy * viewAspect;
GLES20.glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
GLU_perspective(mProjectionMatrix, 0, fovy, viewAspect, 1.0f, 8000.0f);
}
public static int loadShader(int type, String shaderCode) {
int shader = GLES20.glCreateShader(type);
GLES20.glShaderSource(shader, shaderCode);
GLES20.glCompileShader(shader);
int[] _param = new int[4];
GLES20.glGetShaderiv(shader, GLES20.GL_COMPILE_STATUS, _param, 0);
System.out.println("Shader no : " + shader);
System.out.println("Compile status = " + _param[0] + " (GL_TRUE=" + GLES20.GL_TRUE + ")");
System.out.println("ERR : " + GLES20.glGetShaderInfoLog(shader));
return shader;
}
void GLU_perspective(float[] RetMtx, int offset, float fovY, float aspect, float zNear, float zFar)
{
float fW, fH;
fH = (float) (Math.tan(fovY / 360 * Math.PI) * zNear);
fW = fH * aspect;
Matrix.frustumM(RetMtx, offset, -fW, fW, -fH, fH, zNear, zFar );
}
}
最佳答案
我遇到了同样的问题，尤其是三星设备(我有 3 台三星设备出现了同样的问题)。 事实证明，使用 GL_LINE_STRIP 或 GL_LINES 绘制线条会导致您在屏幕截图中显示的伪影和闪烁。但前提是直线穿过相机平面，并且直线的第一个坐标在相机平面后面，第二个坐标在相机平面前面。反过来 - 没问题。
在我看来，这根本没有意义，因此似乎是驱动程序问题 - 您的代码中没有错误。
作为解决方法，我让顶点着色器检测这个星座，然后翻转顶点。检测是通过检查矩阵的 z 缩放分量 [2][2] 的符号来完成的。在我的例子中，顶点是 {0,0,1} 和 {0,0,-1} - 因此可以通过取反顶点值轻松完成翻转。
// Vertex shader snippet
cPosition = vPosition;
voMatrix = viewMatrix * objMatrix;
if ( voMatrix [2][2] < 0.0 ) cPosition = -vPosition;
我希望这会有所帮助(即使答案来得很晚)。
关于Android GLES 2画线闪烁和奇怪的效果，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/29091110/