c# - 我如何在C#中模拟匿名类

Question

我正在用 C# 编写一个小型数据结构库，但遇到了架构问题。本质上我有一个实现访问者模式的类，访问者有许多可能的实现:

public interface ITreeVisitor<T, U>
{
    U Visit(Nil<T> s);
    U Visit(Node<T> s);
}

public abstract class Tree<T> : IEnumerable<T>
{
    public readonly static Tree<T> empty = new Nil<T>();
    public abstract U Accept<U>(ITreeVisitor<T, U> visitor);
}

public sealed class Nil<T> : Tree<T>
{
    public override U Accept<U>(ITreeVisitor<T, U> visitor) { return visitor.Visit(this); }
}

public sealed class Node<T> : Tree<T>
{
    public Tree<T> Left { get; set; }
    public T Value { get; set; }
    public Tree<T> Right { get; set; }

    public override U Accept<U>(ITreeVisitor<T, U> visitor) { return visitor.Visit(this); }
}

任何时候我想传入一个访问者，我都必须创建一个访问者类，实现接口(interface)，然后像这样传入:

class InsertVisitor<T> : ITreeVisitor<T, Tree<T>> where T : IComparable<T>
{
    public T v { get; set; };

    public Tree<T> Visit(Nil<T> s)
    {
        return new Node<T>() { Left = Tree<T>.empty, Value = v, Right = Tree<T>.empty };
    }

    public Tree<T> Visit(Node<T> s)
    {
        switch (v.CompareTo(s.Value))
        {
            case -1: return new Node<T>() { Left = Insert(v, s.Left), Value = s.Value, Right = s.Right };
            case 1: return new Node<T>() { Left = s.Left, Value = s.Value, Right = Insert(v, s.Right) };
            default: return s;
        }
    }
}

public static Tree<T> Insert<T>(T value, Tree<T> tree) where T : IComparable<T>
{
    return tree.Accept<Tree<T>>(new InsertVisitor<T>() { v = value });
}

我不喜欢写那么多样板代码，因为当你有大量的访问者实现时，它会变得非常困惑。

我想写类似anonymous classes Java的东西(概念代码):

public static Tree<T> Insert<T>(T v, Tree<T> tree) where T : IComparable<T>
{
    return tree.Accept<Tree<T>>(new InsertVisitor<T>()
        {
            public Tree<T> Visit(Nil<T> s) { return new Node<T>() { Left = Tree<T>.empty, Value = v, Right = Tree<T>.empty }; }
            public Tree<T> Visit(Node<T> s)
            {
                switch (v.CompareTo(s.Value))
                {
                    case -1: return new Node<T>() { Left = Insert(v, s.Left), Value = s.Value, Right = s.Right };
                    case 1: return new Node<T>() { Left = s.Left, Value = s.Value, Right = Insert(v, s.Right) };
                    default: return s;
                 }
            }
        };
}

有没有办法在 C# 中模拟带有接口(interface)实现的匿名类？

Answer 1

您可以将类的“行为”部分从针对接口(interface)定义的方法更改为在适当时间调用的委托(delegate)，并通过传递新的委托(delegate)来创建新的访问者——从而招募匿名函数来完成匿名类的工作.

草图代码(未测试，可酌情清理):

class CustomVisitor<T> : ITreeVisitor<T, Tree<T>> where T : IComparable<T>
{
    public T v { get; set; };
    public Func<Nil<T>,  Tree<T>> VisitNil  { get; set; }
    public Func<Node<T>, Tree<T>> VisitNode { get; set; }

    public Tree<T> Visit(Nil<T>  s) { return VisitNil(s);  }
    public Tree<T> Visit(Node<T> s) { return VisitNode(s); }
}

public static Tree<T> Insert<T>(T v, Tree<T> tree) where T : IComparable<T>
{
    return tree.Accept<Tree<T>>(new CustomVisitor<T> {
        VisitNil  = s =>
            return new Node<T>() { Left = Tree<T>.empty, Value = v, Right = Tree<T>.empty }; }
        VisitNode = s =>
        {
            switch (v.CompareTo(s.Value))
            {
                case -1: return new Node<T>() { Left = Insert(v, s.Left), Value = s.Value, Right = s.Right };
                case  1: return new Node<T>() { Left = s.Left, Value = s.Value, Right = Insert(v, s.Right) };
                default: return s;
             }
        }
    });
}