c++ - OpenGL 漫射照明问题

Question

我的漫射照明似乎无法正常工作。

片段着色器:

#version 330 core

out vec4 gl_FragColor;

in vec4 vertexColor;
in vec2 texelCoord;
in vec3 Normal;

struct DirectionalLight
{
    vec3 color;
    float ambientIntensity;
    vec3 direction;
    float diffuseIntensity;
};

uniform sampler2D textureSampler;
uniform DirectionalLight directionalLight;

void main()
{
    vec4 ambientColor = vec4(directionalLight.color, 1.0f) * directionalLight.ambientIntensity;
    
    float diffuseFactor = max(dot(normalize(Normal), normalize(directionalLight.direction)), 0.0f);
    vec4 diffuseColor = vec4(directionalLight.color, 1.0f) * directionalLight.diffuseIntensity * diffuseFactor;
    
    gl_FragColor = texture(textureSampler, texelCoord) * (ambientColor + diffuseColor);
}

顶点着色器:

#version 330 core

layout (location = 0) in vec3 position;
layout (location = 1) in vec2 texCoord;
layout (location = 2) in vec3 normal;

out vec4 vertexColor;
out vec2 texelCoord;
out vec3 Normal;

uniform mat4 transformation;
uniform mat4 projection;
uniform mat4 view;

void main()
{
    gl_Position = projection * view * transformation * vec4( position, 1.0f );
    vertexColor = vec4(clamp(position, 0.0f, 1.0f), 1.0f);
    
    texelCoord = texCoord;
    Normal = mat3(transpose(inverse(transformation))) * normal;
}

如何创建网格:

void CalcAverageNormals( unsigned int* indices , unsigned int indicesCount , float* vertices , unsigned int verticesCount , unsigned int vertexLength , unsigned int normalOffset )
{
    for ( int i = 0; i < indicesCount; i += 3 )
    {
        unsigned int v1 = indices[i] * vertexLength;
        unsigned int v2 = indices[ i + 1 ] * vertexLength;
        unsigned int v3 = indices[ i + 2 ] * vertexLength;

        glm::vec3 line1( vertices[ v2 ] - vertices[ v1 ] , vertices[ v2 + 1 ] - vertices[ v1 + 1 ] , vertices[ v2 + 2 ] - vertices[ v1 + 2 ] );
        glm::vec3 line2( vertices[ v3 ] - vertices[ v1 ] , vertices[ v3 + 1 ] - vertices[ v1 + 1 ] , vertices[ v3 + 2 ] - vertices[ v1 + 2 ] );
        glm::vec3 normal = glm::normalize( glm::cross( line1 , line2 ) );

        v1 += normalOffset;
        v2 += normalOffset;
        v3 += normalOffset;

        vertices[ v1 ] += normal.x; vertices[ v1 + 1 ] += normal.y; vertices[ v1 + 2 ] += normal.z;
        vertices[ v2 ] += normal.x; vertices[ v2 + 1 ] += normal.y; vertices[ v2 + 2 ] += normal.z;
        vertices[ v3 ] += normal.x; vertices[ v3 + 1 ] += normal.y; vertices[ v3 + 2 ] += normal.z;
    }

    for ( int j = 0; j < verticesCount / vertexLength; j++ )
    {
        unsigned int offset = j * vertexLength + normalOffset;
        glm::vec3 normalVertex( vertices[ offset ] , vertices[ offset + 1 ] , vertices[ offset + 2 ] );
        normalVertex = glm::normalize( normalVertex );

        vertices[ offset ] = normalVertex.x;
        vertices[ offset + 1 ] = normalVertex.y;
        vertices[ offset + 2 ] = normalVertex.z;
    }
}

void CreateTriangle() {

    float vertices[] {
       -0.5f,-0.5f, 0.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // Left
        0.5f,-0.5f, 0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // Right
        0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f,  0.5f, 1.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // Top
        0.0f,-0.5f, 0.5f,  0.5f, 0.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f  // Back Z
    };

    unsigned int indices[]{
        0, 1, 2, // Front
        3, 2, 1, // Right
        3, 2, 0, // Left
        3, 0, 1  // Bottom
    };

    CalcAverageNormals( indices , 12 , vertices , 32 , 8 , 5 );

    for ( int i = 0; i < 1; i++ )
    {
        Mesh* obj = new Mesh();

        obj->CreateMesh( vertices , 32 , indices , 12 );
        meshlist.push_back( obj );
    }

}

创建网格()

void Mesh::CreateMesh( float* vertices , unsigned int numVertices , unsigned int* indices , unsigned int numIndices )
    {
        uIndices = numIndices;
    
        glGenVertexArrays( 1 , &vao );
        glBindVertexArray( vao );
    
        /*Create Buffers*/
        glGenBuffers( 1 , &ibo );
        glBindBuffer( GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER , ibo );
        glBufferData( GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER , numIndices * sizeof(unsigned) , indices , GL_STATIC_DRAW );
    
        glGenBuffers( 1 , &vbo );
        glBindBuffer( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER , vbo );
        glBufferData( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER , numVertices * sizeof(float) , vertices , GL_STATIC_DRAW );
    
        glVertexAttribPointer( 0 , 3 , GL_FLOAT , GL_FALSE , sizeof( vertices[ 0 ] ) * 8 , 0 );
        glEnableVertexAttribArray( 0 );
        glVertexAttribPointer( 1 , 2 , GL_FLOAT , GL_FALSE , sizeof( vertices[ 0 ] ) * 8 , ( void* )( sizeof( vertices[ 0 ] ) * 3 ) );
        glEnableVertexAttribArray( 1 );
        glVertexAttribPointer( 2 , 3 , GL_FLOAT , GL_FALSE , sizeof( vertices[ 0 ] ) * 8 , ( void* )( sizeof( vertices[ 0 ] ) * 5 ) );
        glEnableVertexAttribArray( 2 );
    
        /*Unbind Objects*/
        glBindBuffer( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER , 0 );
    
        glBindVertexArray( 0 );
    
        glBindBuffer( GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER , 0 );
    }

如果旋转网格，我只会得到某种照明:

正常(无照明):

我花了几天时间试图解决这个问题，但我不确定我做错了什么。如果你能帮助我那就太好了。

Answer 1

事实证明，这是我的索引顺序在三角形缠绕方面存在问题。由于漫射因子的计算方式，我通过按逆时针顺序绘制索引来解决此问题。

unsigned int indices[]{
    0, 1, 2, // Front
    3, 1, 2, // Right
    3, 0, 2, // Left
    3, 1, 0  // Bottom
};

转置和逆计算是为了纠正非均匀尺度矩阵。