perl - 如何检查 Perl-CGI 应用程序中的所有错误(例如，使用 Perl 编译器或类似 lint 的工具检查，免费开源？)

Question

我有一个任务关键型 Perl-CGI 服务器端应用程序，我需要不时扩展或增强它。

是否有工具可以检查应用程序的所有执行路径，即所有 Perl 文件、所有函数、所有 if-else、switch-case 等可能性。

作为一种解释性语言，在修改代码期间引入的错误并不总是显而易见的。如果认为一切正常，如果在进行更改后，Perl 程序在进行一些测试检查后运行正常，则可能会被误导。

一个全面的测试套件可能是一个解决方案，但这始终是为程序定制的，并且在时间有限的情况下需要额外的时间来实现。

相反，我认为一个有效的工具对于“一揽子”练习/解析/任何执行路径都是通用的，例如检查未声明的变量，更改为函数/子例程名称，例如由于重构等

我有 ActiveState Komodo IDE，它在检测错误方面做得很好，但作为一个商业工具，我并不总是能够在我工作的所有环境中使用它。所以我更喜欢免费和开源的东西。

更新

感谢@Nylon Smile for Perl::Critic - 下面的答案 - 我没有将它作为我的 Perl 设置中的标准，所以必须使用 cpan 来尝试安装它，当然 :)

我在详细的安装进度中看到了很多成功(见下文)，但也有一些失败 :( 以及看起来不太好的“为 Perl-Critic-1.116 退出安装”:(

每当我尝试安装或升级 Perl 模块时，这种情况并不少见。我有 CentOS 5。

它给我留下的印象是，维护、配置、升级 Perl 是一件相当困惑的事情，易碎的、繁琐的，关于你必须做些什么才能让它工作，可能有“但你没有”和“如果你” :)

[root]# cpanm Perl::Critic
--> Working on Perl::Critic
Fetching http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/E/EL/ELLIOTJS/Perl-Critic-1.116.tar.gz ... OK
Configuring Perl-Critic-1.116 ... OK
==> Found dependencies: PPI, B::Keywords, PPI::Document, List::MoreUtils, PPIx::Utilities::Statement, PPI::Token::Whitespace,        PPI::Node, Pod::Spell, PPI::Token::Quote::Single, Perl::Tidy, String::Format, PPI::Document::File, Task::Weaken, Module::Plugg       able, IO::String, version, PPIx::Utilities::Node, Readonly, Exporter, Exception::Class, PPIx::Regexp, Config::Tiny, Email::Add       ress, Test::Deep
--> Working on PPI
Fetching http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/A/AD/ADAMK/PPI-1.215.tar.gz ... OK
Configuring PPI-1.215 ... OK
==> Found dependencies: File::Remove, Test::Object, Storable, Test::NoWarnings, Params::Util, Test::SubCalls, Task::Weaken, Li       st::MoreUtils, IO::String, Clone, Class::Inspector
--> Working on File::Remove
Fetching http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/A/AD/ADAMK/File-Remove-1.49.tar.gz ... OK
Configuring File-Remove-1.49 ... OK
==> Found dependencies: File::Spec, Cwd
--> Working on File::Spec
Fetching http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/S/SM/SMUELLER/PathTools-3.33.tar.gz ... OK
Configuring PathTools-3.33 ... OK
Building and testing PathTools-3.33 ... FAIL
! Installing File::Spec failed. See /root/.cpanm/build.log for details.
! Bailing out the installation for File-Remove-1.49. Retry with --prompt or --force.
--> Working on Test::Object
Fetching http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/A/AD/ADAMK/Test-Object-0.07.tar.gz ... OK
Configuring Test-Object-0.07 ... OK
Building and testing Test-Object-0.07 ... OK
Successfully installed Test-Object-0.07
--> Working on Storable
Fetching http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/A/AM/AMS/Storable-2.25.tar.gz ... OK
Configuring Storable-2.25 ... OK
Building and testing Storable-2.25 ... FAIL
! Installing Storable failed. See /root/.cpanm/build.log for details.
--> Working on Test::NoWarnings
Fetching http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/A/AD/ADAMK/Test-NoWarnings-1.02.tar.gz ... OK
Configuring Test-NoWarnings-1.02 ... OK
==> Found dependencies: Test::Tester
--> Working on Test::Tester
Fetching http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/F/FD/FDALY/Test-Tester-0.107.tar.gz ... OK
Configuring Test-Tester-0.107 ... OK
Building and testing Test-Tester-0.107 ... OK
Successfully installed Test-Tester-0.107
Building and testing Test-NoWarnings-1.02 ... OK
Successfully installed Test-NoWarnings-1.02
--> Working on Params::Util
Fetching http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/A/AD/ADAMK/Params-Util-1.04.tar.gz ... OK
Configuring Params-Util-1.04 ... OK
Building and testing Params-Util-1.04 ... OK
Successfully installed Params-Util-1.04
--> Working on Test::SubCalls
Fetching http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/A/AD/ADAMK/Test-SubCalls-1.09.tar.gz ... OK
Configuring Test-SubCalls-1.09 ... OK
==> Found dependencies: Hook::LexWrap
--> Working on Hook::LexWrap
Fetching http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/C/CH/CHORNY/Hook-LexWrap-0.24.tar.gz ... OK
Configuring Hook-LexWrap-0.24 ... OK
Building and testing Hook-LexWrap-0.24 ... OK
Successfully installed Hook-LexWrap-0.24
Building and testing Test-SubCalls-1.09 ... OK
Successfully installed Test-SubCalls-1.09
--> Working on Task::Weaken
Fetching http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/A/AD/ADAMK/Task-Weaken-1.04.tar.gz ... OK
Configuring Task-Weaken-1.04 ... OK
Building and testing Task-Weaken-1.04 ... OK
Successfully installed Task-Weaken-1.04
--> Working on List::MoreUtils
Fetching http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/A/AD/ADAMK/List-MoreUtils-0.32.tar.gz ... OK
Configuring List-MoreUtils-0.32 ... OK
Building and testing List-MoreUtils-0.32 ... FAIL
! Installing List::MoreUtils failed. See /root/.cpanm/build.log for details.
--> Working on IO::String
Fetching http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/G/GA/GAAS/IO-String-1.08.tar.gz ... OK
Configuring IO-String-1.08 ... OK
Building and testing IO-String-1.08 ... OK
Successfully installed IO-String-1.08
--> Working on Clone
Fetching http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/R/RD/RDF/Clone-0.31.tar.gz ... OK
Configuring Clone-0.31 ... OK
Building and testing Clone-0.31 ... FAIL
! Installing Clone failed. See /root/.cpanm/build.log for details.
--> Working on Class::Inspector
Fetching http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/A/AD/ADAMK/Class-Inspector-1.25.tar.gz ... OK
Configuring Class-Inspector-1.25 ... OK
Building and testing Class-Inspector-1.25 ... OK
Successfully installed Class-Inspector-1.25
! Bailing out the installation for PPI-1.215. Retry with --prompt or --force.
--> Working on B::Keywords
Fetching http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/F/FL/FLORA/B-Keywords-1.10.tar.gz ... OK
Configuring B-Keywords-1.10 ... OK
Building and testing B-Keywords-1.10 ... OK
Successfully installed B-Keywords-1.10
--> Working on PPIx::Utilities::Statement
Fetching http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/E/EL/ELLIOTJS/PPIx-Utilities-1.001000.tar.gz ... OK
Configuring PPIx-Utilities-1.001000 ... OK
==> Found dependencies: PPI, Readonly, Exception::Class, PPI::Document::Fragment, PPI::Dumper, PPI::Document, Test::Deep
--> Working on Readonly
Fetching http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/R/RO/ROODE/Readonly-1.03.tar.gz ... OK
Configuring Readonly-1.03 ... OK
Building and testing Readonly-1.03 ... OK
Successfully installed Readonly-1.03
--> Working on Exception::Class
Fetching http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/D/DR/DROLSKY/Exception-Class-1.32.tar.gz ... OK
Configuring Exception-Class-1.32 ... OK
==> Found dependencies: Devel::StackTrace, Class::Data::Inheritable
--> Working on Devel::StackTrace
Fetching http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/D/DR/DROLSKY/Devel-StackTrace-1.27.tar.gz ... OK
Configuring Devel-StackTrace-1.27 ... OK
Building and testing Devel-StackTrace-1.27 ... OK
Successfully installed Devel-StackTrace-1.27
--> Working on Class::Data::Inheritable
Fetching http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/T/TM/TMTM/Class-Data-Inheritable-0.08.tar.gz ... OK
Configuring Class-Data-Inheritable-0.08 ... OK
Building and testing Class-Data-Inheritable-0.08 ... OK
Successfully installed Class-Data-Inheritable-0.08
Building and testing Exception-Class-1.32 ... OK
Successfully installed Exception-Class-1.32
--> Working on Test::Deep
Fetching http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/R/RJ/RJBS/Test-Deep-0.108.tar.gz ... OK
Configuring Test-Deep-0.108 ... OK
Building and testing Test-Deep-0.108 ... OK
Successfully installed Test-Deep-0.108
Building and testing PPIx-Utilities-1.001000 ... FAIL
! Installing PPIx::Utilities::Statement failed. See /root/.cpanm/build.log for details.
--> Working on Pod::Spell
Fetching http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/S/SB/SBURKE/Pod-Spell-1.01.tar.gz ... OK
Configuring Pod-Spell-1.01 ... OK
Building and testing Pod-Spell-1.01 ... OK
Successfully installed Pod-Spell-1.01
--> Working on Perl::Tidy
Fetching http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/S/SH/SHANCOCK/Perl-Tidy-20101217.tar.gz ... OK
Configuring Perl-Tidy-20101217 ... OK
Building and testing Perl-Tidy-20101217 ... OK
Successfully installed Perl-Tidy-20101217
--> Working on String::Format
Fetching http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/D/DA/DARREN/String-Format-1.16.tar.gz ... OK
Configuring String-Format-1.16 ... OK
Building and testing String-Format-1.16 ... OK
Successfully installed String-Format-1.16
--> Working on Module::Pluggable
Fetching http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/S/SI/SIMONW/Module-Pluggable-3.9.tar.gz ... OK
Configuring Module-Pluggable-3.9 ... OK
Building and testing Module-Pluggable-3.9 ... OK
Successfully installed Module-Pluggable-3.9
--> Working on version
Fetching http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/J/JP/JPEACOCK/version-0.91.tar.gz ... OK
Configuring version-0.91 ... OK
Building and testing version-0.91 ... OK
Successfully installed version-0.91
--> Working on Exporter
Fetching http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/F/FE/FERREIRA/Exporter-5.63.tar.gz ... OK
Configuring Exporter-5.63 ... OK
Building and testing Exporter-5.63 ... OK
Successfully installed Exporter-5.63 (upgraded from 5.58)
--> Working on PPIx::Regexp
Fetching http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/W/WY/WYANT/PPIx-Regexp-0.020.tar.gz ... OK
Configuring PPIx-Regexp-0.020 ... OK
==> Found dependencies: PPI::Document, List::MoreUtils
Building and testing PPIx-Regexp-0.020 ... FAIL
! Installing PPIx::Regexp failed. See /root/.cpanm/build.log for details.
--> Working on Config::Tiny
Fetching http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/A/AD/ADAMK/Config-Tiny-2.14.tar.gz ... OK
Configuring Config-Tiny-2.14 ... OK
Building and testing Config-Tiny-2.14 ... OK
Successfully installed Config-Tiny-2.14
--> Working on Email::Address
Fetching http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/R/RJ/RJBS/Email-Address-1.892.tar.gz ... OK
Configuring Email-Address-1.892 ... OK
Building and testing Email-Address-1.892 ... OK
Successfully installed Email-Address-1.892
! Bailing out the installation for Perl-Critic-1.116. Retry with --prompt or --force.
23 distributions installed
[root]#

更新 2

有一个 Perl 到 C 编译器，所以大概这将不得不检查所有执行路径以生成 C 代码，或者至少如果没有，错误的 C 代码可以通过一个 C 编译器来解决问题:

How can I convert Perl to C?

Why Not Translate Perl to C?

CPAN -perlcc - generate executables from Perl programs

Answer 1

Perl::Critic ( perlcritic.com ) 将为您完成一些工作。该模块对您的源代码进行静态分析。它基于“Perl Best Practices”一书，会发现一些错误，并会引用该书的页码为您提供许多关于样式的建议。