scala - 如何在Spark ML中为分类创建正确的数据框

Question

我正在尝试使用Spark ML api运行随机森林分类，但是在将正确的数据帧输入管道中时遇到问题。

这是示例数据:

age,hours_per_week,education,sex,salaryRange
38,40,"hs-grad","male","A"
28,40,"bachelors","female","A"
52,45,"hs-grad","male","B"
31,50,"masters","female","B"
42,40,"bachelors","male","B"

年龄和 hours_per_week 是整数，而其他功能(包括标签薪水)属于分类(字符串)

可以通过Spark csv library加载此csv文件(将其称为sample.csv)，如下所示:

val data = sqlContext.csvFile("/home/dusan/sample.csv")

默认情况下，所有列都作为字符串导入，因此我们需要将“age”和“hours_per_week”更改为Int:

val toInt    = udf[Int, String]( _.toInt)
val dataFixed = data.withColumn("age", toInt(data("age"))).withColumn("hours_per_week",toInt(data("hours_per_week")))

只是要检查架构现在的外观:

scala> dataFixed.printSchema
root
 |-- age: integer (nullable = true)
 |-- hours_per_week: integer (nullable = true)
 |-- education: string (nullable = true)
 |-- sex: string (nullable = true)
 |-- salaryRange: string (nullable = true)

然后让我们设置交叉验证器和管道:

val rf = new RandomForestClassifier()
val pipeline = new Pipeline().setStages(Array(rf)) 
val cv = new CrossValidator().setNumFolds(10).setEstimator(pipeline).setEvaluator(new BinaryClassificationEvaluator)

运行此行时显示错误:

val cmModel = cv.fit(dataFixed)

java.lang.IllegalArgumentException:字段“功能”不存在。

可以在RandomForestClassifier中设置标签列和特征列，但是我有4列作为预测变量(特征)，而不仅仅是一个。

我应该如何组织我的数据框，以便它的标签和功能列正确组织？

为了您的方便，这里是完整代码:

import org.apache.spark.SparkConf
import org.apache.spark.SparkContext
import org.apache.spark.ml.classification.RandomForestClassifier
import org.apache.spark.ml.evaluation.BinaryClassificationEvaluator
import org.apache.spark.ml.tuning.CrossValidator
import org.apache.spark.ml.Pipeline
import org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrame

import org.apache.spark.sql.functions._
import org.apache.spark.mllib.linalg.{Vector, Vectors}


object SampleClassification {

  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {

    //set spark context
    val conf = new SparkConf().setAppName("Simple Application").setMaster("local");
    val sc = new SparkContext(conf)
    val sqlContext = new org.apache.spark.sql.SQLContext(sc)

    import sqlContext.implicits._
    import com.databricks.spark.csv._

    //load data by using databricks "Spark CSV Library" 
    val data = sqlContext.csvFile("/home/dusan/sample.csv")

    //by default all columns are imported as string so we need to change "age" and  "hours_per_week" to Int
    val toInt    = udf[Int, String]( _.toInt)
    val dataFixed = data.withColumn("age", toInt(data("age"))).withColumn("hours_per_week",toInt(data("hours_per_week")))


    val rf = new RandomForestClassifier()

    val pipeline = new Pipeline().setStages(Array(rf))

    val cv = new CrossValidator().setNumFolds(10).setEstimator(pipeline).setEvaluator(new BinaryClassificationEvaluator)

    // this fails with error
    //java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Field "features" does not exist.
    val cmModel = cv.fit(dataFixed) 
  }

}

感谢帮助!

Answer 1

您只需要确保数据框中的"features"列的类型为VectorUDF，如下所示:

scala> val df2 = dataFixed.withColumnRenamed("age", "features")
df2: org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrame = [features: int, hours_per_week: int, education: string, sex: string, salaryRange: string]

scala> val cmModel = cv.fit(df2) 
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: requirement failed: Column features must be of type org.apache.spark.mllib.linalg.VectorUDT@1eef but was actually IntegerType.
    at scala.Predef$.require(Predef.scala:233)
    at org.apache.spark.ml.util.SchemaUtils$.checkColumnType(SchemaUtils.scala:37)
    at org.apache.spark.ml.PredictorParams$class.validateAndTransformSchema(Predictor.scala:50)
    at org.apache.spark.ml.Predictor.validateAndTransformSchema(Predictor.scala:71)
    at org.apache.spark.ml.Predictor.transformSchema(Predictor.scala:118)
    at org.apache.spark.ml.Pipeline$$anonfun$transformSchema$4.apply(Pipeline.scala:164)
    at org.apache.spark.ml.Pipeline$$anonfun$transformSchema$4.apply(Pipeline.scala:164)
    at scala.collection.IndexedSeqOptimized$class.foldl(IndexedSeqOptimized.scala:51)
    at scala.collection.IndexedSeqOptimized$class.foldLeft(IndexedSeqOptimized.scala:60)
    at scala.collection.mutable.ArrayOps$ofRef.foldLeft(ArrayOps.scala:108)
    at org.apache.spark.ml.Pipeline.transformSchema(Pipeline.scala:164)
    at org.apache.spark.ml.tuning.CrossValidator.transformSchema(CrossValidator.scala:142)
    at org.apache.spark.ml.PipelineStage.transformSchema(Pipeline.scala:59)
    at org.apache.spark.ml.tuning.CrossValidator.fit(CrossValidator.scala:107)
    at $iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC.<init>(<console>:67)
    at $iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC.<init>(<console>:72)
    at $iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC.<init>(<console>:74)
    at $iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC$$iwC.<init>(<console>:76)

EDIT1

本质上，数据框中的特征 vector 必须有两个字段，“特征”用于特征 vector ，“标签”用于实例标签。实例的类型必须为Double。

要创建一个带有Vector类型的“功能”字段，请首先创建一个udf，如下所示:

val toVec4    = udf[Vector, Int, Int, String, String] { (a,b,c,d) => 
  val e3 = c match {
    case "hs-grad" => 0
    case "bachelors" => 1
    case "masters" => 2
  }
  val e4 = d match {case "male" => 0 case "female" => 1}
  Vectors.dense(a, b, e3, e4) 
}

现在，还要对“标签”字段进行编码，请创建另一个udf，如下所示:

val encodeLabel    = udf[Double, String]( _ match { case "A" => 0.0 case "B" => 1.0} )

现在，我们使用这两个udf转换原始数据帧:

val df = dataFixed.withColumn(
  "features",
  toVec4(
    dataFixed("age"),
    dataFixed("hours_per_week"),
    dataFixed("education"),
    dataFixed("sex")
  )
).withColumn("label", encodeLabel(dataFixed("salaryRange"))).select("features", "label")

请注意，数据框中可能存在其他列/字段，但是在这种情况下，我只选择了features和label:

scala> df.show()
+-------------------+-----+
|           features|label|
+-------------------+-----+
|[38.0,40.0,0.0,0.0]|  0.0|
|[28.0,40.0,1.0,1.0]|  0.0|
|[52.0,45.0,0.0,0.0]|  1.0|
|[31.0,50.0,2.0,1.0]|  1.0|
|[42.0,40.0,1.0,0.0]|  1.0|
+-------------------+-----+

现在由您决定为学习算法设置正确的参数以使其起作用。