javascript - Threejs,了解Raycaster相交的对象坐标

标签 javascript three.js click raycasting

您好,我有一个疑问:

我已经实现了光线投射器,并且已经进行了手动测试,但是我不知道为什么在3D模型上进行的大多数点击都没有得到交点。

首先,我将向您展示我单击的点,然后向您显示在Web控制台中记录的点,然后是我已实现的代码,最后是Web结构:

我已经点击了这八点:

enter image description here

结果是:

[]length: 0__proto__: Array(0)
[]length: 0__proto__: Array(0)
[]length: 0__proto__: Array(0)
[]length: 0__proto__: Array(0)
point: Vector3 x:--99.34871894866089 y:67 z:0
point: Vector3 x: -126.50880038786315 y: 73.48094335146214 z: -5.684341886080802
[]length: 0__proto__: Array(0)
[]length: 0__proto__: Array(0)


这里我们有实现的代码,重要的部分是onDocumentMouseDown函数:

if ( ! Detector.webgl ) Detector.addGetWebGLMessage();

// global variables for this scripts
let OriginalImg, 
    SegmentImg;

var mouse = new THREE.Vector2();
var raycaster = new THREE.Raycaster();
var mousePressed = false;



init();
animate();


// initilize the page
function init ()
{
    let filename = "models/nrrd/columna01.nrrd"; // change your nrrd file
    let idDiv = 'original';
    OriginalImg = new InitCanvas(idDiv, filename );
    OriginalImg.init();
    console.log(OriginalImg);

    filename = "models/nrrd/columnasegmentado01.nrrd"; // change your nrrd file
    idDiv = 'segment';
    SegmentImg = new InitCanvas(idDiv, filename );
    SegmentImg.init(); 
}

document.addEventListener( 'mousedown', onDocumentMouseDown, false );
document.addEventListener( 'mouseup', onDocumentMouseUp, false );

function onDocumentMouseDown( event ) {
    mousePressed = true;
    mouse.x = ( event.clientX / window.innerWidth ) * 2 - 1;
    mouse.y = - ( event.clientY / window.innerHeight ) * 2 + 1;
    raycaster.setFromCamera( mouse.clone(), OriginalImg.camera );
    var objects = raycaster.intersectObjects(OriginalImg.scene.children);
    console.log(objects);
}
function onDocumentMouseUp( event ) { mousePressed = false}





function animate() {


    requestAnimationFrame( animate );
    OriginalImg.animate();
    SegmentImg.animate();


}   


在这里,我们看到了网络结构:

enter image description here

我怀疑由于画布在窗口中有偏移,因此无法有效地从我们单击的区域中获取点。

我也读过:

Debug threejs raycaster mouse coordinates

How do I get the coordinates of a mouse click on a canvas element?

https://threejs.org/docs/#api/core/Raycaster

threejs raycasting does not work

链接到进一步的阅读,理论建议和代码示例,将不胜感激。

编辑:

1)我打开了一个具有相同主题以及更详细的图像,图形和日志的新线程。这是链接:ThreeJS, raycaster gets strange coordinates when we log the intersection object

2)我遵循了@ TheJim01提供的答案,这里是当前代码:

逻辑.js

if (!Detector.webgl) Detector.addGetWebGLMessage();

// global variables for this scripts
let OriginalImg,
    SegmentImg;

var mouse = new THREE.Vector2();
var raycaster = new THREE.Raycaster();
var mousePressed = false;
var clickCount = 0;


init();
animate();


// initilize the page
function init() {
    let filename = "models/nrrd/columna01.nrrd"; // change your nrrd file
    let idDiv = 'original';
    OriginalImg = new InitCanvas(idDiv, filename);
    OriginalImg.init();
    console.log(OriginalImg);

    filename = "models/nrrd/columnasegmentado01.nrrd"; // change your nrrd file
    idDiv = 'segment';
    SegmentImg = new InitCanvas(idDiv, filename);
    SegmentImg.init();
}

let originalCanvas = document.getElementById('original');
originalCanvas.addEventListener('mousedown', onDocumentMouseDown, false);
originalCanvas.addEventListener('mouseup', onDocumentMouseUp, false);


function onDocumentMouseDown(event) {
    mousePressed = true;

    clickCount++;


    mouse.x = ( event.offsetX / window.innerWidth ) * 2 - 1;
    console.log('Mouse x position is: ', mouse.x, 'the click number was: ', clickCount);
    mouse.y = -( event.offsetY / window.innerHeight ) * 2 + 1;
    console.log('Mouse Y position is: ', mouse.y);
    raycaster.setFromCamera(mouse.clone(), OriginalImg.camera);
    var objects = raycaster.intersectObjects(OriginalImg.scene.children);
    console.log(objects);
}

function onDocumentMouseUp(event) {
    mousePressed = false
}


function animate() {


    requestAnimationFrame(animate);
    OriginalImg.animate();
    SegmentImg.animate();


}   


InitCanvas.js

// this class handles the load and the canva for a nrrd
// Using programming based on prototype: https://javascript.info/class
// This class should be improved:
//   - Canvas Width and height

InitCanvas = function ( IdDiv, Filename ) {


    this.IdDiv = IdDiv;
    this.Filename = Filename
}

InitCanvas.prototype = {

    constructor: InitCanvas,

    init: function() {

        this.container = document.getElementById( this.IdDiv );

        // this should be changed.
        debugger;
        this.container.innerHeight = 600;
        this.container.innerWidth = 800;

        //These statenments should be changed to improve the image position
        this.camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera( 60, this.container.innerWidth / this.container.innerHeight, 0.01, 1e10 );
        this.camera.position.z = 300;

        let scene = new THREE.Scene();
        scene.add( this.camera );

        // light

        let dirLight = new THREE.DirectionalLight( 0xffffff );
        dirLight.position.set( 200, 200, 1000 ).normalize();

        this.camera.add( dirLight );
        this.camera.add( dirLight.target );


        // read file

        let loader = new THREE.NRRDLoader();
        loader.load( this.Filename , function ( volume ) {

            //z plane
            let sliceZ = volume.extractSlice('z',Math.floor(volume.RASDimensions[2]/4));

            debugger;
            this.container.innerWidth = sliceZ.iLength;
            this.container.innerHeight = sliceZ.jLength;

            scene.add( sliceZ.mesh );
        }.bind(this) );


        this.scene = scene;

        // renderer

        this.renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer( { alpha: true } );
        this.renderer.setPixelRatio( this.container.devicePixelRatio );
        debugger;
        this.renderer.setSize( this.container.innerWidth, this.container.innerHeight );

        // add canvas in container
        this.container.appendChild( this.renderer.domElement );

    },

    animate: function () {

        this.renderer.render( this.scene, this.camera );
    }

}


index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
    <head>
        <title>Prototype: three.js without react.js</title>
        <meta charset="utf-8">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0">
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/styles.css">

        <!-- load the libraries and js -->
        <script src="js/libs/three.js"></script>

        <script src="js/Volume.js"></script>
        <script src="js/VolumeSlice.js"></script>
        <script src="js/loaders/NRRDLoader.js"></script>

        <script src="js/Detector.js"></script>
        <script src="js/libs/stats.min.js"></script>
        <script src="js/libs/gunzip.min.js"></script>
        <script src="js/libs/dat.gui.min.js"></script>

        <script src="js/InitCanvas.js"></script>


    </head>

    <body>
        <div id="info">
            <h1>Prototype: three.js without react.js</h1> 
        </div>

        <!-- two canvas -->
        <div class="row">
            <div class="column" id="original">
            </div>

            <div class="column" id="segment">

            </div>
          </div> 

        <script src="js/logic.js"></script>

    </body>
</html>


我已经看到它确实有不同的作用。到目前为止,我知道画布坐标的原点是全屏模式下的红色坐标,而当我们打开右侧的Chrome开发工具时是绿色的坐标:

enter image description here

此外,当我们打开下面的Mozilla开发工具时,raycaster与ThreeJS模型相交的区域是全屏红色区域,绿色是绿色区域。

enter image description here

3)目前,画布是从名为Column的父div创建的,该父列是:

enter image description here

在其中创建的画布是800x600

enter image description here

我们如何才能使光线投射器的截距成为画布模型的大小?

5)为了能够解决自己的困难,我学习了这篇优秀的SO文章:
THREE.js Ray Intersect fails by adding div

但是我看到在我链接的帖子中,@ WestLangley使用clientX,Y,在这里的答案部分@ TheJim01建议使用offsetX,Y。

另外,由于我是ThreeJS的初学者,并且一段时间以来我一直在学习JS,所以我遇到了一些困难:

如何在浏览器中处理坐标原点?

three.js中坐标的起源是什么?

两者有什么关系?

为什么大多数文章都使用此表达式?:

mouse.x = ( event.offsetX / window.innerWidth ) * 2 - 1;


为什么我们需要除以window.innerWidth?通过我们做* 2 - 1吗?

6)我之所以这么问,是因为我想做一个Web应用程序,我们可以收集用户单击左画布的位置,然后更改右画布上相同部分的颜色,并显示一些有关它的名称和描述信息。

因此,使用ThreeJS收集鼠标单击位置很重要,这样才能使用它来更改右侧画布和被单击部分的颜色。

7)此外,我还阅读了:

Update Three.js Raycaster After CSS Tranformation

编辑2:22/03/18

我在这里遵循@WestLangley提供的答案:THREE.js Ray Intersect fails by adding div

它使我们能够在画布的图像上具有光线投射器的相交区域。

这样就解决了实际中的问题。

但是我仍然不了解某些内容,例如浏览器坐标和Threejs坐标之间的关系。

在这里,我们看到在浏览器和ThreeJS的raycaster的拦截对象中,x坐标相同,但是Y坐标不同,为什么?

enter image description here

我也怀疑浏览器在画布上的坐标原点在中心:

enter image description here

它是否正确?

我将展示我需要添加的代码段,以使光线投射器的检测区域与画布的图像相同。

首先,我添加了CSS:

canvas {
    width: 200px;
    height: 200px;
    margin: 100px;
    padding: 0px;
    position: static; /* fixed or static */
    top: 100px;
    left: 100px;
}


然后我添加了logic.js

function onDocumentMouseDown(event) {
    mousePressed = true;

    clickCount++;

    mouse.x = ( ( event.clientX - OriginalImg.renderer.domElement.offsetLeft ) / OriginalImg.renderer.domElement.clientWidth ) * 2 - 1;
    mouse.y = - ( ( event.clientY - OriginalImg.renderer.domElement.offsetTop ) / OriginalImg.renderer.domElement.clientHeight ) * 2 + 1

    console.log('Mouse x position is: ', mouse.x, 'the click number was: ', clickCount);
    console.log('Mouse Y position is: ', mouse.y);

    raycaster.setFromCamera(mouse.clone(), OriginalImg.camera);
    var objects = raycaster.intersectObjects(OriginalImg.scene.children);

    console.log(objects);
}


如上所示,我在鼠标x和y上添加了Left和Top偏移量,除以渲染器的Width / Height。

另外,我还研究了OpenAnatomy中如何完成鼠标单击:

function onSceneMouseMove(event) {

        //check if we are not doing a drag (trackball controls)
        if (event.buttons === 0) {
            //compute offset due to container position
            mouse.x = ( (event.clientX-containerOffset.left) / container.clientWidth ) * 2 - 1;
            mouse.y = - ( (event.clientY-containerOffset.top) / container.clientHeight ) * 2 + 1;

            needPickupUpdate = true;
        }
        else {
            needPickupUpdate = false;
        }
}


链接:https://github.com/mhalle/oabrowser/blob/gh-pages/src/app.js

因此,我们看到它们也使用偏移量,即左和上,并除以宽度和高度,但这一次来自容器而不是渲染器。

我也研究了他们如何在AMI中做到这一点:

function onDoubleClick(event) {
      const canvas = event.target.parentElement;
      const id = event.target.id;
      const mouse = {
        x: ((event.clientX - canvas.offsetLeft) / canvas.clientWidth) * 2 - 1,
        y: - ((event.clientY - canvas.offsetTop) / canvas.clientHeight) * 2 + 1,
};


链接:https://github.com/FNNDSC/ami/blob/dev/examples/viewers_quadview/viewers_quadview.js

因此,在这里我们看到,它们使用容器本身的偏移量而不是容器甚至渲染器。

另外,我研究了一些ThreeThree官方示例,它们看起来好像只有一个全屏渲染器/场景,因此它们没有显示如何在同一网页上处理各种画布和光线投射器。

    function onDocumentMouseMove( event ) {
        event.preventDefault();
        mouse.x = ( event.clientX / window.innerWidth ) * 2 - 1;
        mouse.y = - ( event.clientY / window.innerHeight ) * 2 + 1;
    }


链接:https://github.com/mrdoob/three.js/blob/master/examples/webgl_interactive_cubes.html

function onMouseMove( event ) {
                mouse.x = ( event.clientX / renderer.domElement.clientWidth ) * 2 - 1;
                mouse.y = - ( event.clientY / renderer.domElement.clientHeight ) * 2 + 1;
                raycaster.setFromCamera( mouse, camera );
                // See if the ray from the camera into the world hits one of our meshes
                var intersects = raycaster.intersectObject( mesh );
                // Toggle rotation bool for meshes that we clicked
                if ( intersects.length > 0 ) {
                    helper.position.set( 0, 0, 0 );
                    helper.lookAt( intersects[ 0 ].face.normal );
                    helper.position.copy( intersects[ 0 ].point );
                }
            }


链接:https://github.com/mrdoob/three.js/blob/master/examples/webgl_geometry_terrain_raycast.html

请问你能帮帮我吗?

谢谢。

最佳答案

Raycarster.setFromCamera(NDC, camera)将标准化设备坐标作为第一个参数。那是一个介于-1和1之间的值。但是您要给出实际的坐标。这就是为什么它不相交的原因。尝试这个:

const screenPosition = {
        x: event.clientX - canvas.offsetLeft,
        y: event.clientY - canvas.offsetHeight
};
const widthHalf = canvas.clientWidth * 0.5;
const heightHalf = canvas.clientHeight * 0.5;
const mouse = {
        x: (screenPosition.x - widthHalf) / widthHalf ,
        y: - (screenPosition.y - heightHalf) / heightHalf,
};


还尝试在true中将递归设置为intersectObject()

关于javascript - Threejs,了解Raycaster相交的对象坐标,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49393444/

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