java - Java 线程的未知行为

标签 java multithreading swing

我正在尝试实现一个Java秒表,其中我使用线程来连续监视所耗时。但我的代码遇到了问题。 我的 Java 代码是 -

  import java.awt.FlowLayout;
  import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
  import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
  import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
  import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
  import java.util.Calendar;

  import javax.swing.*;

  public class Prac2_StopWatch implements ActionListener{
      JFrame Time;
      JLabel TimeLabel;
      JButton StartStop;
      JButton Reset;
      StopWatch stThread;
      String prefix="<html><h1><body>";
      String suffix="</h1></body></html>";
      StopWatch myControl;

      Prac2_StopWatch()
     {
         Time = new JFrame();
         Time.setSize(275,275);
         Time.setTitle("Stop Watch");
         Time.setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
         GridBagConstraints gridConst = new GridBagConstraints();

         TimeLabel = new JLabel();
         TimeLabel.setText(prefix+"0:0:0"+suffix);

         myControl = new StopWatch(TimeLabel);
         myControl.start();

         StartStop = new JButton();
         Reset = new JButton();

         StartStop.setActionCommand("Start");
         StartStop.setText("Start");
         Reset.setText("Reset");

         StartStop.addActionListener(this);
         Reset.addActionListener(this);

         gridConst.gridx=0;
         gridConst.gridy=0;
         Time.add(StartStop,gridConst);

         gridConst.gridx=1;
         gridConst.gridy=0;
         Time.add(Reset,gridConst);

         gridConst.gridx=0;
         gridConst.gridy=1;
         Time.add(TimeLabel,gridConst);

         Time.setVisible(true);



      }
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt)
     {
         if(evt.getActionCommand()=="Start")
         {
            StartStop.setActionCommand("Stop");
            StartStop.setText("Stop");
            if(myControl.curMil==-1)
                 myControl.curMil=Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
            else 
                myControl.curMil=Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis()-      myControl.diff;
                myControl.count=true;

             }
            else if(evt.getActionCommand()=="Stop")
           {
              StartStop.setActionCommand("Start");
              StartStop.setText("Start");
              myControl.count=false;

           }
           else if(evt.getActionCommand()=="Reset")
           {
               StartStop.setActionCommand("Start");
               StartStop.setText("Start");
               myControl.count=false;
               myControl.curMil=-1;
               TimeLabel.setText(prefix+"0:0:0"+suffix);

           }
        }

        public static void main(String args[])
        {
             SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable(){
                public void run()
                {
                   new Prac2_StopWatch();
                }
             });

        }
   }

   class StopWatch extends Thread
   {
        long curMil;
        long diff;
        JLabel TimeLabel;
        boolean count;
        String prefix="<html><body><h1>";
        String suffix="</h1></body></html>";

        StopWatch(JLabel TimeLabel)
        {
           this.TimeLabel = TimeLabel;
           this.count=false;
           this.curMil=-1;
         }
       public void run()
       {
           while(true){
           System.out.print("Commenting this line will make stop watch useless");
           if(count){
                diff= Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis() - curMil;
                TimeLabel.setText(prefix+((diff/60000)%60)+" : "+((diff/1000)%60)+" : "+(diff%1000)+suffix);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                   e.printStackTrace();
              }
           }
        }
     }
 }

现在的问题是,在 StopWatch 类的 run 方法中,当我注释该语句时 -

System.out.println("Commenting this line will make stop watch useless");

第 123 行。
我的秒表停止工作,即即使按“开始”、“停止”或“重置”,时钟也始终显示“0:0:0”。此外,将第 123 行替换为“System.out.println()”以外的任何其他语句也会出现同样的问题。

最佳答案

我看到的两个主要问题:

  • 你有一个紧密的循环,其中有 1 毫秒的暂停,会占用处理器 [编辑:这实际上没问题]
  • 您正在后台线程中进行 Swing 调用,这里是 setText(...),这是您不应该做的事情,而且紧密循环可能会完全卡住您的 Swing GUI 。
  • 您在线程之间共享 count boolean 变量,因此必须将其声明为 volatile ,以便其状态在所有线程中都相同。

如果您需要在后台线程中更改 Swing 状态,请使用 SwingWorker 并使用发布/进程对进行更改。

此外,不要使用 ==!= 比较字符串。请改用 equals(...)equalsIgnoreCase(...) 方法。了解 == 检查两个对象引用是否相同,这不是您感兴趣的。另一方面,方法检查两个字符串是否具有相同的字符以相同的顺序排列,这就是这里最重要的。所以而不是

else if (evt.getActionCommand() == "Stop") {

else if (evt.getActionCommand().equalsIgnoreCase("Stop")) {

例如,

import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.util.Calendar;
import javax.swing.*;

public class Prac2_StopWatch implements ActionListener {
    JFrame time;
    JLabel timeLabel;
    JButton startStop;
    JButton reset;
    StopWatch stThread;
    String prefix = "<html><h1><body>";
    String suffix = "</h1></body></html>";
    StopWatch myControl;

    Prac2_StopWatch() {
        time = new JFrame();

        time.setSize(275, 275);
        time.setTitle("Stop Watch");
        time.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        time.setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
        GridBagConstraints gridConst = new GridBagConstraints();

        timeLabel = new JLabel();
        timeLabel.setText(prefix + "00:00:000" + suffix);

        myControl = new StopWatch(timeLabel);
        new Thread(myControl).start(); // StopWatch should implement Runnable
        // myControl.start();

        startStop = new JButton();
        reset = new JButton();

        startStop.setActionCommand("Start");
        startStop.setText("Start");
        reset.setText("Reset");

        startStop.addActionListener(this);
        reset.addActionListener(this);

        gridConst.gridx = 0;
        gridConst.gridy = 0;
        time.add(startStop, gridConst);

        gridConst.gridx = 1;
        gridConst.gridy = 0;
        time.add(reset, gridConst);

        gridConst.gridx = 0;
        gridConst.gridy = 1;
        time.add(timeLabel, gridConst);

        time.setVisible(true);
    }

    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) {
        if (evt.getActionCommand().equalsIgnoreCase("Start")) {
            startStop.setActionCommand("Stop");
            startStop.setText("Stop");
            if (myControl.getCurMil() == -1)
                myControl.setCurMil(Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis());
            else
                myControl.setCurMil(Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis() - myControl.getDiff());
            myControl.count = true;

        } else if (evt.getActionCommand().equalsIgnoreCase("Stop")) {
            startStop.setActionCommand("Start");
            startStop.setText("Start");
            myControl.count = false;

        } else if (evt.getActionCommand().equalsIgnoreCase("Reset")) {
            startStop.setActionCommand("Start");
            startStop.setText("Start");
            myControl.count = false;
            myControl.setCurMil(-1);
            timeLabel.setText(prefix + "00:00:000" + suffix);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String args[]) {
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                new Prac2_StopWatch();
            }
        });

    }
}

class StopWatch implements Runnable {
    private long curMil;
    private long diff;
    private JLabel timeLabel;

    // *************** this is key ****************
    volatile boolean count; // !! *********************

    String prefix = "<html><body><h1>";
    String suffix = "</h1></body></html>";

    StopWatch(JLabel TimeLabel) {
        this.timeLabel = TimeLabel;
        this.count = false;
        this.curMil = -1;
    }

    public long getCurMil() {
        return curMil;
    }

    public void setCurMil(long curMil) {
        this.curMil = curMil;
    }

    public long getDiff() {
        return diff;
    }

    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            // System.out.println("Commenting this line will make stop watch useless");
            if (count) {
                diff = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis() - curMil;

                // make Swing changes **on** the event thread only
                SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> {
                    int mSec = (int) (diff % 1000);
                    int sec = (int) ((diff / 1000) % 60);
                    int min = (int) ((diff / (60 * 1000)) % 60);
                    String text = String.format("%s%02d:%02d:%03d%s", prefix, min, sec, mSec, suffix);
                    timeLabel.setText(text);
                });
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1);  // ** actually 1 is OK **
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

关于java - Java 线程的未知行为,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/42041166/

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