javascript - 无法在 D3 条形图中的 x 轴上换行中文文本

标签 javascript css d3.js svg

我有一个 D3 条形图，x 轴上有中文和英文文本。每当中文文本出现时，标签就会重叠。我无法将文本换行成多行。如果它只是英文文本，我可以将其包装起来。如果还有中文文本，有没有办法换行？

片段

var margin = {
  top: 10,
  right: 0,
  bottom: 58,
  left: 40
};
var width = 400 - margin.left - margin.right;
var height = 400 - margin.top - margin.bottom;
var barWidth = 40;

var graph;
var xScale;
var yScale;
var dataSet;

dataSet = [{
    desc: '即使句子没有空格',
    val: 20
  },
  {
    desc: 'Sample text.即使句子没有空格',
    val: 40
  }, 
  {
    desc: 'test3',
    val: 60
  },
  {
    desc: 'test4',
    val: 80
  },
  {
    desc: 'some dummy text here',
    val: 120
  }
];

xScale = d3.scaleBand()
  .domain(dataSet.map(function(d) {
    return d.desc;
  }))
  .range([0, width]);

yScale = d3.scaleLinear()
  .range([height, 0])
  .domain([0, 1.15 * d3.max(dataSet, function(d) {
    return d.val;
  })]);

graph = d3.select("#graph")
  .append("svg")
  .attr("class", "bar-chart")
  .attr("width", width + margin.left + margin.right)
  .attr("height", height + margin.top + margin.bottom)
  .append("g")
  .attr("transform", "translate(" + margin.left + "," + margin.top + ")");


graph.append("g")
  .attr("class", "x-scale")
  .attr("transform", "translate(0," + height + ")")
  .call(d3.axisBottom(xScale))
  .selectAll(".tick text")
  .call(wrap, xScale.bandwidth());

graph.append("g")
  .attr("class", "y-scale")
  .call(d3.axisLeft(yScale).tickPadding(10));

graph
  .append("g")
  .attr('class', 'graph-placeholder')
  .selectAll("rect")
  .data(dataSet)
  .enter()
  .append("rect")
  .attr("class", "bar1")
  .attr("height", height)
  .attr("width", barWidth)
  .attr('x', d => xScale(d.desc) + (xScale.bandwidth() - barWidth) / 2);

graph
  .append("g")
  .attr('class', 'graph-main')
  .selectAll("bar1")
  .data(dataSet)
  .enter()
  .append("rect")
  .attr("class", "bar2")
  .attr('x', d => xScale(d.desc) + (xScale.bandwidth() - barWidth) / 2)
  .attr("y", function(d) {
    return yScale(d.val);
  })
  .attr("height", function(d) {
    return height - yScale(d.val);
  })
  .attr("width", barWidth);


graph
  .append("g")
  .attr('class', 'bar-label')
  .selectAll("text")
  .data(dataSet)
  .enter()
  .append("text")
  .text(d => d.val + '%')
  .attr("y", function(d) {
    return yScale(d.val) - 5;
  }).attr('x', function(d) {
    return xScale(d.desc) + ((xScale.bandwidth() - barWidth) / 2);
  });

function wrap(text, width) {
  text.each(function() {
    var text = d3.select(this),
      words = text.text().split(/\s+/).reverse(),
      word,
      line = [],
      lineNumber = 0,
      lineHeight = 1,
      y = text.attr("y"),
      dy = parseFloat(text.attr("dy")),
      tspan = text.text(null).append("tspan").attr("x", 0).attr("y", y).attr("dy", dy + "em");
    while (word = words.pop()) {
      line.push(word);
      tspan.text(line.join(" "));
      if (tspan.node().getComputedTextLength() > width) {
        line.pop();
        tspan.text(line.join(" "));
        line = [word];
        tspan = text.append("tspan").attr("x", 0).attr("y", y).attr("dy", ++lineNumber * lineHeight + dy + "em").text(word);
      }
    }
  });
}
.bar-chart {
  background-color: #ccc;
}

.bar2 {
  fill: steelblue;
}

.bar1 {
  fill: #f2f2f2;
}

text {
  font-size: 12px;
  /* text-anchor: middle; */
}
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/d3/5.7.0/d3.min.js"></script>
<div class="container">
  <div id="graph"></div>
</div>

Fiddle对于同一个片段。

最佳答案

您的 wrap 函数当前在空格 (/\s+/) 上拆分，并将这些部分包装在它们自己的 元素中。
它需要更智能才能自动换行。

简单的解决方法是将每个字符包装在它自己的 中。

var margin = {
  top: 10,
  right: 0,
  bottom: 58,
  left: 40
};
var width = 400 - margin.left - margin.right;
var height = 400 - margin.top - margin.bottom;
var barWidth = 40;

var graph;
var xScale;
var yScale;
var dataSet;

dataSet = [{
    desc: '即使句子没有空格',
    val: 20
  },
  {
    desc: 'Sample text.即使句子没有空格',
    val: 40
  },
  {
    desc: 'test3',
    val: 60
  },
  {
    desc: 'test4',
    val: 80
  },
  {
    desc: 'some dummy text here',
    val: 120
  }
];

xScale = d3.scaleBand()
  .domain(dataSet.map(function(d) {
    return d.desc;
  }))
  .range([0, width]);

yScale = d3.scaleLinear()
  .range([height, 0])
  .domain([0, 1.15 * d3.max(dataSet, function(d) {
    return d.val;
  })]);

graph = d3.select("#graph")
  .append("svg")
  .attr("class", "bar-chart")
  .attr("width", width + margin.left + margin.right)
  .attr("height", height + margin.top + margin.bottom)
  .append("g")
  .attr("transform", "translate(" + margin.left + "," + margin.top + ")");


graph.append("g")
  .attr("class", "x-scale")
  .attr("transform", "translate(0," + height + ")")
  .call(d3.axisBottom(xScale))
  .selectAll(".tick text")
  .call(wrap, xScale.bandwidth());

graph.append("g")
  .attr("class", "y-scale")
  .call(d3.axisLeft(yScale).tickPadding(10));

graph
  .append("g")
  .attr('class', 'graph-placeholder')
  .selectAll("rect")
  .data(dataSet)
  .enter()
  .append("rect")
  .attr("class", "bar1")
  .attr("height", height)
  .attr("width", barWidth)
  .attr('x', d => xScale(d.desc) + (xScale.bandwidth() - barWidth) / 2);

graph
  .append("g")
  .attr('class', 'graph-main')
  .selectAll("bar1")
  .data(dataSet)
  .enter()
  .append("rect")
  .attr("class", "bar2")
  .attr('x', d => xScale(d.desc) + (xScale.bandwidth() - barWidth) / 2)
  .attr("y", function(d) {
    return yScale(d.val);
  })
  .attr("height", function(d) {
    return height - yScale(d.val);
  })
  .attr("width", barWidth);


graph
  .append("g")
  .attr('class', 'bar-label')
  .selectAll("text")
  .data(dataSet)
  .enter()
  .append("text")
  .text(d => d.val + '%')
  .attr("y", function(d) {
    return yScale(d.val) - 5;
  }).attr('x', function(d) {
    return xScale(d.desc) + ((xScale.bandwidth() - barWidth) / 2);
  });

function wrap(text, width) {
  text.each(function() {
    var text = d3.select(this),
      // split on each character
      words = text.text().split('').reverse(),
      word,
      line = [],
      lineNumber = 0,
      lineHeight = 1,
      y = text.attr("y"),
      dy = parseFloat(text.attr("dy")),
      tspan = text.text(null).append("tspan").attr("x", 0).attr("y", y).attr("dy", dy + "em");
    while (word = words.pop()) {
      line.push(word);
      // join with empty string
      tspan.text(line.join(""));
      if (tspan.node().getComputedTextLength() > width) {
        line.pop();
        // join with empty string
        tspan.text(line.join(""));
        line = [word];
        tspan = text.append("tspan").attr("x", 0).attr("y", y).attr("dy", ++lineNumber * lineHeight + dy + "em").text(word);
      }
    }
  });
}
.bar-chart {
  background-color: #ccc;
}

.bar2 {
  fill: steelblue;
}

.bar1 {
  fill: #f2f2f2;
}

text {
  font-size: 12px;
  /* text-anchor: middle; */
}
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/d3/5.7.0/d3.min.js"></script>
<div class="container">
  <div id="graph"></div>
</div>

但是这样做，我们的行为与 word-break: break-all 相同，也就是说，它甚至会打破非 CJK 文本。
我们想要的是 word-break: normal 行为。为此，最好的办法是使用 HTML 和 CSS。

通过生成一个虚拟的 HTML 元素，我们可以检查每个字符应该在哪里呈现，感谢 Range.getBoundingClientRect方法:

var margin = {
  top: 10,
  right: 0,
  bottom: 58,
  left: 40
};
var width = 400 - margin.left - margin.right;
var height = 400 - margin.top - margin.bottom;
var barWidth = 40;

var graph;
var xScale;
var yScale;
var dataSet;

dataSet = [{
    desc: '即使句子没有空格',
    val: 20
  },
  {
    desc: 'Sample text.即使句子没有空格',
    val: 40
  },
  {
    desc: 'test3',
    val: 60
  },
  {
    desc: 'test4',
    val: 80
  },
  {
    desc: 'some dummy text here',
    val: 120
  }
];

xScale = d3.scaleBand()
  .domain(dataSet.map(function(d) {
    return d.desc;
  }))
  .range([0, width]);

yScale = d3.scaleLinear()
  .range([height, 0])
  .domain([0, 1.15 * d3.max(dataSet, function(d) {
    return d.val;
  })]);

graph = d3.select("#graph")
  .append("svg")
  .attr("class", "bar-chart")
  .attr("width", width + margin.left + margin.right)
  .attr("height", height + margin.top + margin.bottom)
  .append("g")
  .attr("transform", "translate(" + margin.left + "," + margin.top + ")");


graph.append("g")
  .attr("class", "x-scale")
  .attr("transform", "translate(0," + height + ")")
  .call(d3.axisBottom(xScale))
  .selectAll(".tick text")
  .call(wrap, xScale.bandwidth());

graph.append("g")
  .attr("class", "y-scale")
  .call(d3.axisLeft(yScale).tickPadding(10));

graph
  .append("g")
  .attr('class', 'graph-placeholder')
  .selectAll("rect")
  .data(dataSet)
  .enter()
  .append("rect")
  .attr("class", "bar1")
  .attr("height", height)
  .attr("width", barWidth)
  .attr('x', d => xScale(d.desc) + (xScale.bandwidth() - barWidth) / 2);

graph
  .append("g")
  .attr('class', 'graph-main')
  .selectAll("bar1")
  .data(dataSet)
  .enter()
  .append("rect")
  .attr("class", "bar2")
  .attr('x', d => xScale(d.desc) + (xScale.bandwidth() - barWidth) / 2)
  .attr("y", function(d) {
    return yScale(d.val);
  })
  .attr("height", function(d) {
    return height - yScale(d.val);
  })
  .attr("width", barWidth);


graph
  .append("g")
  .attr('class', 'bar-label')
  .selectAll("text")
  .data(dataSet)
  .enter()
  .append("text")
  .text(d => d.val + '%')
  .attr("y", function(d) {
    return yScale(d.val) - 5;
  }).attr('x', function(d) {
    return xScale(d.desc) + ((xScale.bandwidth() - barWidth) / 2);
  });


function getLines(text, width) {
  // create a dummy element
  var dummy = d3.select('body')
    .append('p')
    .classed('dummy-text-wrapper', true)
    // set its size to the one we want
    .style('width', width + 'px')
    .text(text);
  
  var textNode = dummy.node().childNodes[0];
  var lines = [''];
  var range = document.createRange();
  var current = 0;
  // get default top value
  range.setStart(textNode, 0);
  var prevTop = range.getBoundingClientRect().top;
  var nextTop = prevTop;
  // iterate through all characters
  while (current < text.length) {
    // move the cursor
    range.setStart(textNode, current+1);
    // check top position
    nextTop = range.getBoundingClientRect().top;
    
    if(nextTop !== prevTop) {
      // new line
      lines.push("");
    }
    // add the current character to the last line
    lines[lines.length - 1] += text[current++];
    prevTop = nextTop;
  }
  // clean up the DOM
  dummy.remove();
  return lines;
}

function wrap(text, width) {
  text.each(function() {
    var text = d3.select(this),
      words = text.text(),
      lines = getLines(words, width),
      line = [],
      lineHeight = 1,
      y = text.attr("y"),
      dy = parseFloat(text.attr("dy"));

    text.text('');
    
    lines.forEach(function(words, lineNumber) {
      text.append("tspan")
        .attr("x", 0)
        .attr("y", y)
        .attr("dy", lineNumber * lineHeight + dy + "em")
        .text(words);
     });
  });
}
.bar-chart {
  background-color: #ccc;
}

.bar2 {
  fill: steelblue;
}

.bar1 {
  fill: #f2f2f2;
}

text {
  font-size: 12px;
  /* text-anchor: middle; */
}
.dummy-text-wrapper {
  word-break: normal;
  display: inline-block;
  opacity: 0;
  position: absolute;
}
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/d3/5.7.0/d3.min.js"></script>
<div class="container">
  <div id="graph"></div>
</div>

关于javascript - 无法在 D3 条形图中的 x 轴上换行中文文本，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/54414079/

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