css - 如何实现连续且无间隙的响应式砖石式布局？

标签 css responsive-design flexbox css-grid

如何实现与 Pintrest 具有相似属性的布局？

具体:

  • 响应式布局，所有图片的宽度相同。
  • 所有图片都包含在一个 div 中。没有多个容器尝试复制“列”，例如使用 flex 盒。
  • 布局的顺序是没有间隙的。例如，如果布局为两列，并且图片的宽度、高度为:[(100,400), (100,100), (100,400), (100,100), (100,400), (100,100)]，列的高度将大致相同，左侧不是 1200，右侧不是 400。下面的屏幕截图说明了这一点。

下面的屏幕截图显示所有照片都位于一个 div 容器中。 enter image description here

响应式布局: enter image description here

第三个要点的示例:深色淋浴图片位于悬挂座椅图片下方，而不是外部房屋图片下方。这是因为悬挂座画的高度较小。 enter image description here

同样，当布局为两列宽时:卧室的图片位于扶手椅下方，因为悬挂座椅图片的高度较小。 enter image description here

虽然这篇文章看起来类似于 CSS-only masonry layout ，解决方案不会产生预期的结果:

使用 @Oliver Joseph Ash 解决方案会导致:

grid-container {
  display: flex;
  flex-flow: column wrap;
  align-content: space-between;
  /* Your container needs a fixed height, and it 
   * needs to be taller than your tallest column. */
  height: 960px;
  /* Optional */
  background-color: #f7f7f7;
  border-radius: 3px;
  padding: 20px;
  width: 60%;
  margin: 40px auto;
  counter-reset: items;
}

grid-item {
  width: 24%;
  /* Optional */
  position: relative;
  margin-bottom: 2%;
  border-radius: 3px;
  background-color: #a1cbfa;
  border: 1px solid #4290e2;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 2px rgba(0, 90, 250, 0.05), 0 4px 4px rgba(0, 90, 250, 0.05), 0 8px 8px rgba(0, 90, 250, 0.05), 0 16px 16px rgba(0, 90, 250, 0.05);
  color: #fff;
  padding: 15px;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
<grid-container>
  <grid-item>
    <a href="https://g.foolcdn.com/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fg.foolcdn.com%2Feditorial%2Fimages%2F492452%2Fgettyimages-1014028076.jpg&w=700&op=resize">
      <img src="https://g.foolcdn.com/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fg.foolcdn.com%2Feditorial%2Fimages%2F492452%2Fgettyimages-1014028076.jpg&w=700&op=resize">
    </a>
  </grid-item>
  <grid-item>
    <a href="https://image.jimcdn.com/app/cms/image/transf/none/path/sa716b1500dd60f05/image/ic839a74ed6a8a054/version/1519833130/image.jpg">
      <img src="https://image.jimcdn.com/app/cms/image/transf/none/path/sa716b1500dd60f05/image/ic839a74ed6a8a054/version/1519833130/image.jpg">
    </a>
  </grid-item>
  <grid-item>
    <a href="https://c8.alamy.com/comp/AXBEXR/stock-photograph-of-a-asian-teen-with-a-trumpet-to-her-ear-AXBEXR.jpg">
      <img src="https://c8.alamy.com/comp/AXBEXR/stock-photograph-of-a-asian-teen-with-a-trumpet-to-her-ear-AXBEXR.jpg">
    </a>
  </grid-item>
  <grid-item>
    <a href="https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/cyber-woman-orange-11363555.jpg">
      <img src="https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/cyber-woman-orange-11363555.jpg">
    </a>
  </grid-item>
  <grid-item>
    <a href="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcThObqAcFeb4byMcwLVkU1JVMYonpavYmEukk9r3rqF2oBTnd1q">
      <img src="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcThObqAcFeb4byMcwLVkU1JVMYonpavYmEukk9r3rqF2oBTnd1q">
    </a>
  </grid-item>
  <grid-item>
    <a href="https://www.demilked.com/magazine/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/5aaa1cce4180b-funny-weird-wtf-stock-photos-57-5a3bb7ba3c266__700.jpg">
      <img src="https://www.demilked.com/magazine/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/5aaa1cce4180b-funny-weird-wtf-stock-photos-57-5a3bb7ba3c266__700.jpg">
    </a>
  </grid-item>
  <grid-item>
    <a href="https://static.boredpanda.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/emilia-clarke-making-stock-photos-5-5b0801c7504b2__700.jpg">
      <img src="https://static.boredpanda.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/emilia-clarke-making-stock-photos-5-5b0801c7504b2__700.jpg">
    </a>
  </grid-item>
  <grid-item>
    <a href="https://static.boredpanda.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/emilia-clarke-making-stock-photos-8-5b0801cd0f33d__700.jpg">
      <img src="https://static.boredpanda.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/emilia-clarke-making-stock-photos-8-5b0801cd0f33d__700.jpg">
    </a>
  </grid-item>
  <grid-item>
    <a href="https://www.atomix.com.au/media/2017/07/StockPhotoBanner.jpg">
      <img src="https://www.atomix.com.au/media/2017/07/StockPhotoBanner.jpg">
    </a>
  </grid-item>
</grid-container>

这使得输出看起来像: enter image description here

而@Michael_B 解决方案:

grid-container {
  display: grid;
  grid-auto-rows: 50px;
  grid-gap: 10px;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(30%, 1fr));
}

grid-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.3em;
  font-weight: bold;
  color: white;
}

img {
  width: 200px;
}
<grid-container>
  <grid-item>
    <a href="https://g.foolcdn.com/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fg.foolcdn.com%2Feditorial%2Fimages%2F492452%2Fgettyimages-1014028076.jpg&w=700&op=resize">
      <img src="https://g.foolcdn.com/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fg.foolcdn.com%2Feditorial%2Fimages%2F492452%2Fgettyimages-1014028076.jpg&w=700&op=resize">
    </a>
  </grid-item>
  <grid-item>
    <a href="https://image.jimcdn.com/app/cms/image/transf/none/path/sa716b1500dd60f05/image/ic839a74ed6a8a054/version/1519833130/image.jpg">
      <img src="https://image.jimcdn.com/app/cms/image/transf/none/path/sa716b1500dd60f05/image/ic839a74ed6a8a054/version/1519833130/image.jpg">
    </a>
  </grid-item>
  <grid-item>
    <a href="https://c8.alamy.com/comp/AXBEXR/stock-photograph-of-a-asian-teen-with-a-trumpet-to-her-ear-AXBEXR.jpg">
      <img src="https://c8.alamy.com/comp/AXBEXR/stock-photograph-of-a-asian-teen-with-a-trumpet-to-her-ear-AXBEXR.jpg">
    </a>
  </grid-item>
  <grid-item>
    <a href="https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/cyber-woman-orange-11363555.jpg">
      <img src="https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/cyber-woman-orange-11363555.jpg">
    </a>
  </grid-item>
  <grid-item>
    <a href="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcThObqAcFeb4byMcwLVkU1JVMYonpavYmEukk9r3rqF2oBTnd1q">
      <img src="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcThObqAcFeb4byMcwLVkU1JVMYonpavYmEukk9r3rqF2oBTnd1q">
    </a>
  </grid-item>
  <grid-item>
    <a href="https://www.demilked.com/magazine/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/5aaa1cce4180b-funny-weird-wtf-stock-photos-57-5a3bb7ba3c266__700.jpg">
      <img src="https://www.demilked.com/magazine/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/5aaa1cce4180b-funny-weird-wtf-stock-photos-57-5a3bb7ba3c266__700.jpg">
    </a>
  </grid-item>
  <grid-item>
    <a href="https://static.boredpanda.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/emilia-clarke-making-stock-photos-5-5b0801c7504b2__700.jpg">
      <img src="https://static.boredpanda.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/emilia-clarke-making-stock-photos-5-5b0801c7504b2__700.jpg">
    </a>
  </grid-item>
  <grid-item>
    <a href="https://static.boredpanda.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/emilia-clarke-making-stock-photos-8-5b0801cd0f33d__700.jpg">
      <img src="https://static.boredpanda.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/emilia-clarke-making-stock-photos-8-5b0801cd0f33d__700.jpg">
    </a>
  </grid-item>
  <grid-item>
    <a href="https://www.atomix.com.au/media/2017/07/StockPhotoBanner.jpg">
      <img src="https://www.atomix.com.au/media/2017/07/StockPhotoBanner.jpg">
    </a>
  </grid-item>
</grid-container>

好多了，但会导致图片高度重叠: enter image description here

最佳答案

我的建议是设置一些“跨度”类，并将图像/砌体元素的高度限制为最小单位的倍数。这种方法允许仅 CSS 砌体，但我们需要事先知道最小单元元素的倍数是多少(例如，在渲染 HTML 时)，以便我们可以应用这些可能如下所示的跨度类:

.grid-span-2 {
  grid-row-end: span 2;
}
.grid-span-3 {
  grid-row-end: span 3;
}
.grid-span-4 {
  grid-row-end: span 4;
}
...

如果这是不可能的，下一个最佳方法是使用一点 JS 根据元素高度动态计算行跨度。下面的代码片段应该给出如何解决这个问题的想法。

最重要的部分如下:

    const sizeItems = () => {
        // only trigger DOM repaint when necessary
        if ( $('.grid-container')[0].style.gridAutoRows !== '1px' ) {
            $('.grid-container')[0].style.gridAutoRows = '1px';
        }

        $('.grid-item > *').forEach(el => {
            const height = Math.floor(el.getBoundingClientRect().height);
            // only trigger DOM repaint when necessary
            if ( el.parentElement.style.gridRowEnd !== `span ${height}` ) {
                el.parentElement.style.gridRowEnd = `span ${height}`;
            }
        });
    }

我们需要等待图像加载才能执行此操作，并且在调整视口(viewport)大小时再次执行此操作，这基本上是其余的 JS 代码。

我们在这里所做的是获取网格项内内容的真实/真实高度。我更喜欢在每个网格项内使用包装元素并用它来测量。为什么？

a) 网格模块中的某些属性可能会在您看不到网格元素的实际高度时造成困惑，从而导致高度计算不正确。

b)通过这种方法，我们不能使用网格间隙(因为在这种极端情况下，我们正在制作 1px 行以获得最精确的尺寸)，因为它会弄乱单元格高度，因此仍然能够如果有间隙，我们也可以使用这个包装 div 并对其应用填充来模仿网格间隙。

对于 JS 方法，我们设置了 grid-auto-rows: 1px;，这为我们在元素高度方面提供了最大的灵活性，因为基本上每个网格单元的大小都可以调整以适合其内容确切地说，请注意，可能存在一些 1px 的小故障，很可能是由于子像素渲染造成的......

// micro DOM helper, just for convenience
const $ = window.$ = function(a,b){return Array.prototype.slice.call(document.querySelectorAll(a, b));};

const sizeItems = () => {
	// only trigger DOM repaint when necessary
	if ( $('.grid-container')[0].style.gridAutoRows !== '1px' ) {
		$('.grid-container')[0].style.gridAutoRows = '1px';
	}
	
	$('.grid-item > *').forEach(el => {
		const height = Math.floor(el.getBoundingClientRect().height);
		// only trigger DOM repaint when necessary
		if ( el.parentElement.style.gridRowEnd !== `span ${height}` ) {
			el.parentElement.style.gridRowEnd = `span ${height}`;
		}
	});
}

Promise.all($('img').map(img => { 
	return new Promise(resolve => {
		img.onload = () => {
			resolve();
		}
		img.onerror = () => {
			resolve();
		}
	});
})).then(() => {
	const emit = new Event('images');
	window.dispatchEvent(emit);
});

window.addEventListener('images', function(e) {
	console.log('onImagesLoaded');
	sizeItems();
});

window.addEventListener('load', function(e) {
	console.log('onLoad');
	sizeItems();
});

window.addEventListener('resize', function(e) {
	console.log('onResize');
	sizeItems();
});
* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  margin: 0;
}
body {
  font-family: sans-serif;
}

.grid-container {
  background: gold;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(calc(100%/3), 1fr));
  grid-gap: 0; /* can't use grid gap! */
  /* grid-auto-rows: auto; */
  grid-auto-flow: dense;
  /* if you don't want a gap on the outside of the grid when working with padding */
  /* margin: -4px; */
}
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
  .grid-container {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(50%, 1fr));
  }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 400px) {
  .grid-container {
    display: block;
  }
}

.grid-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.3em;
  font-weight: bold;
  color: hsl(0,0%,14%);
}

.grid-gap {
  /* if you need a grid-gap, apply padding to a wrapper element INSIDE the grid-item */
  /* padding: 4px; */
  overflow: hidden;
  width: 100%;
}

.grid-item a,
.grid-item img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%; height: 100%;
}

.grid-item figcaption {
  background: lightcoral;
  color: white;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-style: italic;
  padding: 4px 0;
  text-align: center;
}
<div class="grid-container">
	<div class="grid-item">
		<div class="grid-gap">
			<figure>
				<a href="https://via.placeholder.com/397x625">
					<img src="https://via.placeholder.com/397x625/255a60/FFFFFF" />
				</a>
				<figcaption>This is a caption!</figcaption>
			</figure>
		</div>
	</div>
	<div class="grid-item">
		<div class="grid-gap">
			<a href="https://via.placeholder.com/678x765">
				<img src="https://via.placeholder.com/678x765/4496a1/FFFFFF" />
			</a>
		</div>
	</div>
	<div class="grid-item">
		<div class="grid-gap">
			<a href="https://via.placeholder.com/567x987">
				<img src="https://via.placeholder.com/567x987/eaf8ab/FFFFFF" />
			</a>
		</div>
	</div>
	<div class="grid-item">
		<div class="grid-gap">
			<a href="https://via.placeholder.com/968x956">
				<img src="https://via.placeholder.com/968x956/ccd47e/FFFFFF" />
			</a>	
		</div>
	</div>
	<div class="grid-item">
		<div class="grid-gap">
			<a href="https://via.placeholder.com/987x687">
				<img src="https://via.placeholder.com/987x687/255a60/FFFFFF" />
			</a>
		</div>
	</div>
	<div class="grid-item">
		<div class="grid-gap">
			<a href="https://via.placeholder.com/620x345">
				<img src="https://via.placeholder.com/620x345/255a60/FFFFFF" />
			</a>
		</div>
	</div>
	<div class="grid-item">
		<div class="grid-gap">
			<a href="https://via.placeholder.com/543x789">
				<img src="https://via.placeholder.com/543x789/4496a1/FFFFFF" />
			</a>
		</div>
	</div>
	<div class="grid-item">
		<div class="grid-gap">
			<a href="https://via.placeholder.com/376x274">
				<img src="https://via.placeholder.com/376x274/eaf8ab/FFFFFF" />
			</a>
		</div>
	</div>
	<div class="grid-item">
		<div class="grid-gap">
			<a href="https://via.placeholder.com/468x623">
				<img src="https://via.placeholder.com/468x623/9fb828/FFFFFF" />
			</a>	
		</div>
	</div>
</div>

关于css - 如何实现连续且无间隙的响应式砖石式布局？，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/57246282/

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