我需要在需要 Python 包的 Heroku Django 项目上运行代码 dm.xmlsec.binding .这又取决于是否安装了二进制 apt 包 libxmlsec1，通常是通过 apt-get install。
这就是我在 Ubuntu vagrant box 上本地运行的方式。
部署到 Heroku:方法
我的应用程序中有两个“构建包”。使用 heroku-buildpack-multi 启用多个构建包.
由于我的应用程序是 Python 应用程序，因此我的 .buildpacks 内容是:
https://github.com/ddollar/heroku-buildpack-apt
https://github.com/heroku/heroku-buildpack-python
第一个buildpack，指的是heroku-buildpack-apt , 需要一个 Aptfile 来指定 apt 包；在我们的例子中，这个文件的内容是:
python-setuptools
libxmlsec1
libxmlsec1-dev
swig
python-m2crypto
第二个构建包是“Heroku buildpack for Python apps, powered by pip”。
到目前为止一切顺利。
部署到 Heroku:问题
问题是，虽然 apt 包看起来安装成功，但当 pip install 实际运行时，似乎没有找到 apt 安装包。
如果 apt 包安装正确，为什么 Python 在随后的 pip install 中找不到它们？
这是完整的 git push heroku 日志:
git push heroku
Fetching repository, done.
Counting objects: 12, done.
Delta compression using up to 8 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (8/8), done.
Writing objects: 100% (9/9), 932 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 9 (delta 3), reused 0 (delta 0)
-----> Fetching custom git buildpack... done
-----> Multipack app detected
=====> Downloading Buildpack: https://github.com/ddollar/heroku-buildpack-apt
=====> Detected Framework: Apt
-----> Updating apt caches
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty InRelease
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-security InRelease
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates InRelease
Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty Release.gpg
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-security Release.gpg [933 B]
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates Release.gpg [933 B]
Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty Release
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-security Release [62.0 kB]
Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates Release [62.0 kB]
Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty/main amd64 Packages
Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty/universe amd64 Packages
Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty/main Translation-en
Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty/universe Translation-en
Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-security/main amd64 Packages [153 kB]
Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-security/main Translation-en
Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/main amd64 Packages [356 kB]
Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates/main Translation-en
Fetched 635 kB in 2s (247 kB/s)
Reading package lists...
-----> Fetching .debs for python-setuptools
Reading package lists...
Building dependency tree...
The following extra packages will be installed:
python-pkg-resources
Suggested packages:
python-distribute python-distribute-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
python-pkg-resources python-setuptools
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 38 not upgraded.
Need to get 292 kB of archives.
After this operation, 1017 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main python-pkg-resources all 3.3-1ubuntu1 [61.9 kB]
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main python-setuptools all 3.3-1ubuntu1 [230 kB]
Fetched 292 kB in 0s (408 kB/s)
Download complete and in download only mode
-----> Fetching .debs for libxmlsec1
Reading package lists...
Building dependency tree...
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libxmlsec1
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 38 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/115 kB of archives.
After this operation, 436 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Download complete and in download only mode
-----> Fetching .debs for libxmlsec1-dev
Reading package lists...
Building dependency tree...
The following extra packages will be installed:
libnspr4 libnspr4-dev libnss3 libnss3-dev libnss3-nssdb libxmlsec1
libxmlsec1-gcrypt libxmlsec1-gnutls libxmlsec1-nss libxmlsec1-openssl
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libnspr4 libnspr4-dev libnss3 libnss3-dev libnss3-nssdb libxmlsec1
libxmlsec1-dev libxmlsec1-gcrypt libxmlsec1-gnutls libxmlsec1-nss
libxmlsec1-openssl
0 upgraded, 11 newly installed, 0 to remove and 38 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/2579 kB of archives.
After this operation, 14.1 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Download complete and in download only mode
-----> Fetching .debs for swig
Reading package lists...
Building dependency tree...
The following extra packages will be installed:
swig2.0
Suggested packages:
swig-doc swig-examples swig2.0-examples swig2.0-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
swig swig2.0
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 38 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/881 kB of archives.
After this operation, 4412 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Download complete and in download only mode
-----> Fetching .debs for python-m2crypto
Reading package lists...
Building dependency tree...
The following NEW packages will be installed:
python-m2crypto
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 38 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/156 kB of archives.
After this operation, 831 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Download complete and in download only mode
-----> Installing libnspr4-dev_2%3a4.10.7-0ubuntu0.14.04.1_amd64.deb
-----> Installing libnspr4_2%3a4.10.7-0ubuntu0.14.04.1_amd64.deb
-----> Installing libnss3-dev_2%3a3.17.1-0ubuntu0.14.04.1_amd64.deb
-----> Installing libnss3-nssdb_2%3a3.17.1-0ubuntu0.14.04.1_all.deb
-----> Installing libnss3_2%3a3.17.1-0ubuntu0.14.04.1_amd64.deb
-----> Installing libxmlsec1-dev_1.2.18-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb
-----> Installing libxmlsec1-gcrypt_1.2.18-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb
-----> Installing libxmlsec1-gnutls_1.2.18-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb
-----> Installing libxmlsec1-nss_1.2.18-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb
-----> Installing libxmlsec1-openssl_1.2.18-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb
-----> Installing libxmlsec1_1.2.18-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb
-----> Installing python-m2crypto_0.21.1-3ubuntu5_amd64.deb
-----> Installing python-pkg-resources_3.3-1ubuntu1_all.deb
-----> Installing python-setuptools_3.3-1ubuntu1_all.deb
-----> Installing swig2.0_2.0.11-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb
-----> Installing swig_2.0.11-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb
-----> Writing profile script
=====> Downloading Buildpack: https://github.com/heroku/heroku-buildpack-python
=====> Detected Framework: Python
-----> Installing dependencies with pip
Downloading/unpacking dm.xmlsec.binding==1.3.1 (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))
Running setup.py (path:/tmp/pip_build_u45022/dm.xmlsec.binding/setup.py) egg_info for package dm.xmlsec.binding
Error: cannot get XMLSec1 pre-processor and compiler flags; do you have the `libxmlsec1` development package installed?
Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
Error: cannot get XMLSec1 pre-processor and compiler flags; do you have the `libxmlsec1` development package installed?
----------------------------------------
Cleaning up...
Command python setup.py egg_info failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip_build_u45022/dm.xmlsec.binding
Storing debug log for failure in /app/.pip/pip.log
! Push rejected, failed to compile Multipack app
To git@heroku.com:xxxxxxxxxxx.git
! [remote rejected] master -> master (pre-receive hook declined)
error: failed to push some refs to 'git@heroku.xxxxxxxxxxx.git'
最佳答案
我不知道，但也许答案是this :
With the amazing help of @PadraicCunningham I managed to find the solution. The problem turned out to be that heroku-buildpack-apt installs things in a newly created folder /app/.apt/ which was not in the
PYTHONPATH.So I added the relevant folder to my PYTHONPATH on heroku as follows:
heroku config:add PYTHONPATH=/app/.apt/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/
关于python - Heroku Python 二进制库依赖，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/26998526/