python - 使用 OpenCV 和 Tkinter 在整个屏幕上显示视频

Question

我正在尝试创建一个 GUI 来播放充满整个屏幕的视频，而快照按钮在底部仍然可见。 现在，我设法做的只是将应用程序窗口本身设置为全屏，从而在顶部播放一个小尺寸的视频，并在按钮上显示一个巨大的“快照”按钮。 有没有办法让视频充满整个屏幕？

谢谢!

from PIL import Image, ImageTk
import Tkinter as tk
import argparse
import datetime
import cv2
import os

class Application:
    def __init__(self, output_path = "./"):
        """ Initialize application which uses OpenCV + Tkinter. It displays
            a video stream in a Tkinter window and stores current snapshot on disk """
        self.vs = cv2.VideoCapture('Cat Walking.mp4') # capture video frames, 0 is your default video camera
        self.output_path = output_path  # store output path
        self.current_image = None  # current image from the camera

        self.root = tk.Tk()  # initialize root window
        self.root.title("PyImageSearch PhotoBooth")  # set window title
        # self.destructor function gets fired when the window is closed
        self.root.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW', self.destructor)

        self.panel = tk.Label(self.root)  # initialize image panel
        self.panel.pack(padx=10, pady=10)

        # create a button, that when pressed, will take the current frame and save it to file
        btn = tk.Button(self.root, text="Snapshot!", command=self.take_snapshot)
        btn.pack(fill="both", expand=True, padx=10, pady=10)

        # start a self.video_loop that constantly pools the video sensor
        # for the most recently read frame
        self.video_loop()


    def video_loop(self):
        """ Get frame from the video stream and show it in Tkinter """
        ok, frame = self.vs.read()  # read frame from video stream
        if ok:  # frame captured without any errors
            cv2image = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGBA)  # convert colors from BGR to RGBA
            self.current_image = Image.fromarray(cv2image)  # convert image for PIL
            imgtk = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image=self.current_image)  # convert image for tkinter
            self.panel.imgtk = imgtk  # anchor imgtk so it does not be deleted by garbage-collector
            self.root.attributes("-fullscreen",True)
            #self.oot.wm_state('zoomed')
            self.panel.config(image=imgtk)  # show the image

        self.root.after(1, self.video_loop)  # call the same function after 30 milliseconds

    def take_snapshot(self):
        """ Take snapshot and save it to the file """
        ts = datetime.datetime.now() # grab the current timestamp
        filename = "{}.jpg".format(ts.strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S"))  # construct filename
        p = os.path.join(self.output_path, filename)  # construct output path
        self.current_image.save(p, "JPEG")  # save image as jpeg file
        print("[INFO] saved {}".format(filename))

    def destructor(self):
        """ Destroy the root object and release all resources """
        print("[INFO] closing...")
        self.root.destroy()
        self.vs.release()  # release web camera
        cv2.destroyAllWindows()  # it is not mandatory in this application

# construct the argument parse and parse the arguments
ap = argparse.ArgumentParser()
ap.add_argument("-o", "--output", default="./",
    help="path to output directory to store snapshots (default: current folder")
args = vars(ap.parse_args())

# start the app
print("[INFO] starting...")
pba = Application(args["output"])
pba.root.mainloop()

Answer 1

如果您不关心执行时间，这不是一项艰巨的任务!我们知道调整图像大小对于普通用户来说并不是什么难事，但在幕后，调整每一帧的大小需要一些时间。如果你真的想知道时间和选项 - 从 numpy/scipy 到 skimage/skvideo 有很多选项可供选择。

但让我们尝试“按原样”对您的代码做一些事情，这样我们就有两个选择可以使用:cv2 和 Image。为了进行测试，我从 youtube (480p) 上抓取了 20 秒的“键盘猫”视频，并将每一帧的大小调整为 1080p，GUI 如下所示(全屏 1920x1080):

调整大小方法/timeit 显示帧的耗时:

• cv2.resize()/~81.377 秒。
• Image.resize()/~82.98 秒。

如您所见 - 这两者之间没有太大区别，所以这是一段代码(只有 Application 类和 video_loop 发生了变化):

#imports
try:
    import tkinter as tk
except:
    import Tkinter as tk
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
import argparse
import datetime
import cv2
import os


class Application:
    def __init__(self, output_path = "./"):
        """ Initialize application which uses OpenCV + Tkinter. It displays
            a video stream in a Tkinter window and stores current snapshot on disk """
        self.vs = cv2.VideoCapture('KeyCat.mp4') # capture video frames, 0 is your default video camera
        self.output_path = output_path  # store output path
        self.current_image = None  # current image from the camera

        self.root = tk.Tk()  # initialize root window
        self.root.title("PyImageSearch PhotoBooth")  # set window title

        # self.destructor function gets fired when the window is closed
        self.root.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW', self.destructor)
        self.root.attributes("-fullscreen", True)

        # getting size to resize! 30 - space for button
        self.size = (self.root.winfo_screenwidth(), self.root.winfo_screenheight() - 30)

        self.panel = tk.Label(self.root)  # initialize image panel
        self.panel.pack(fill='both', expand=True)

        # create a button, that when pressed, will take the current frame and save it to file
        self.btn = tk.Button(self.root, text="Snapshot!", command=self.take_snapshot)
        self.btn.pack(fill='x', expand=True)

        # start a self.video_loop that constantly pools the video sensor
        # for the most recently read frame
        self.video_loop()

    def video_loop(self):
        """ Get frame from the video stream and show it in Tkinter """
        ok, frame = self.vs.read()  # read frame from video stream
        if ok:  # frame captured without any errors
            cv2image = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGBA)  # convert colors from BGR to RGBA
            cv2image = cv2.resize(cv2image, self.size, interpolation=cv2.INTER_NEAREST)
            self.current_image = Image.fromarray(cv2image) #.resize(self.size, resample=Image.NEAREST)  # convert image for PIL
            self.panel.imgtk = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image=self.current_image)
            self.panel.config(image=self.panel.imgtk)  # show the image

            self.root.after(1, self.video_loop)  # call the same function after 30 milliseconds

但是你知道 - “即时”做这样的事情不是一个好主意，所以让我们先尝试调整所有帧的大小，然后再做所有的事情(只有 Application 类和 video_loop 方法已更改，添加了 resize_video 方法):

class Application:
    def __init__(self, output_path = "./"):
        """ Initialize application which uses OpenCV + Tkinter. It displays
            a video stream in a Tkinter window and stores current snapshot on disk """
        self.vs = cv2.VideoCapture('KeyCat.mp4') # capture video frames, 0 is your default video camera
        ...
        # init frames
        self.frames = self.resize_video()
        self.video_loop()

def resize_video(self):
    temp = list()
    try:
        temp_count_const = cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_COUNT
    except AttributeError:
        temp_count_const = cv2.cv.CV_CAP_PROP_FRAME_COUNT

    frames_count = self.vs.get(temp_count_const)

    while self.vs.isOpened():
        ok, frame = self.vs.read()  # read frame from video stream
        if ok:  # frame captured without any errors
            cv2image = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGBA)  # convert colors from BGR to RGBA
            cv2image = cv2.resize(cv2image, self.size, interpolation=cv2.INTER_NEAREST)
            cv2image = Image.fromarray(cv2image)  # convert image for PIL
            temp.append(cv2image)
            # simple progress print w/o sys import
            print('%d/%d\t%d%%' % (len(temp), frames_count, ((len(temp)/frames_count)*100)))
        else:
            return temp

def video_loop(self):
    """ Get frame from the video stream and show it in Tkinter """
    if len(self.frames) != 0:
        self.current_image = self.frames.pop(0)
        self.panel.imgtk = ImageTk.PhotoImage(self.current_image)
        self.panel.config(image=self.panel.imgtk)
        self.root.after(1, self.video_loop)  # call the same function after 30 milliseconds

timeit 显示预先调整大小的帧所用时间:~78.78 秒。

如您所见 - 调整大小不是脚本的主要问题，而是一个不错的选择!