python - matplotlib 路径线宽连接到图形缩放

Question

是否可以将 matplotlib 路径的线宽与图形缩放/比例级别联系起来？

我正在绘制一张 map ，其中 matplotlib 路径(带有贝塞尔曲线)在 map 上绘制了道路。放大后，我希望放大路径的宽度。

在附加脚本中，多边形近似可以适当缩放，但路径(红线)不能缩放(宽度)。

是否可以将线宽与某种比例转换联系起来并通过回调重绘？

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.path import Path
import matplotlib.patches as patches
import numpy as np

def main():
  ax = plt.subplot(111)
  verts = np.array([ (0., 0.), (0.5, .5), (1., 0.8), (0.8, 0.)])
  codes = np.array([Path.MOVETO, Path.CURVE4, Path.CURVE4, Path.LINETO ])

  # Can this curve have zoomable width
  path = Path(verts, codes)
  patch = patches.PathPatch(path, fc='none', color='r', lw=4, zorder=3)
  ax.add_patch(patch)

  ax.plot(verts[:,0], verts[:,1], 'o--', lw=2, color='k', zorder=2)

  # these will be polygonal approx that will have proper zoom
  v=np.array([]).reshape((-1,2))
  c=[]
  for i in range(len(verts)-1):
    vtmp, ctmp = line2poly(verts[[i,i+1],:],0.03)
    v = np.vstack( (v,vtmp) )
    c = np.concatenate( (c,ctmp) )
  path_zoom = Path(v,c)
  patch_zoom =  patches.PathPatch(path_zoom, fc='r', ec='k', zorder=1, alpha=0.4)
  ax.add_patch(patch_zoom)

  ax.set_xlim(-0.1, 1.1)
  ax.set_ylim(-0.1, 1.1)
  plt.show()

def line2poly(line, width):
  dx,dy = np.hstack(np.diff(line,axis=0)).tolist()
  theta = np.arctan2(dy,dx)
  print(np.hstack(np.diff(line,axis=0)).tolist())
  print(np.degrees(theta))
  s = width/2 * np.sin(theta)
  c = width/2 * np.cos(theta)
  trans = np.array([(-s,c),(s,-c),(s,-c),(-s,c)])

  verts = line[[0,0,1,1],:]+trans
  verts = np.vstack((verts, verts[0,:]))
  codes = np.array([Path.MOVETO, Path.LINETO, Path.LINETO, Path.LINETO, Path.CLOSEPOLY])
  return verts,codes

if __name__=='__main__':
  main()

Answer 1

据我所知，在 matplotlib 中无法做到这一点，因为线条的笔画宽度不能直接与数据坐标相关联。 (正如您所提到的，您可以将回调连接到绘制事件并完成此操作。但这会导致很大的性能损失。)

但是，一个快速的解决方法是使用 shapely 通过缓冲您的街道路径来生成多边形。

举个简单的例子:

import shapely.geometry
import descartes
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

lines = ([(0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1)],
         [(0, 0), (1, 1)],
         [(0.5, 0.5), (1, 0.5)],
         )
lines = shapely.geometry.MultiLineString(lines)
# "0.05" is the _radius_ in data coords, so the width will be 0.1 units.
poly = lines.buffer(0.05)

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
patch = descartes.PolygonPatch(poly, fc='gray', ec='black')
ax.add_artist(patch)

# Rescale things to leave a bit of room around the edges...
ax.margins(0.1)

plt.show()

如果你确实想采用回调路由，你可以这样做:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

def main():
    lines = ([(0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1)],
             [(0, 0), (1, 1)],
             [(0.5, 0.5), (1, 0.5)],
             )

    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
    artists = []
    for verts in lines:
        x, y = zip(*verts)
        line, = ax.plot(x, y)
        artists.append(line)

    scalar = StrokeScalar(artists, 0.1)
    ax.callbacks.connect('xlim_changed', scalar)
    ax.callbacks.connect('ylim_changed', scalar)

    # Rescale things to leave a bit of room around the edges...
    ax.margins(0.05)

    plt.show()

class StrokeScalar(object):
    def __init__(self, artists, width):
        self.width = width
        self.artists = artists
        # Assume there's only one axes and one figure, for the moment...
        self.ax = artists[0].axes
        self.fig = self.ax.figure

    def __call__(self, event):
        """Intended to be connected to a draw event callback."""
        for artist in self.artists:
            artist.set_linewidth(self.stroke_width)

    @property
    def stroke_width(self):
        positions = [[0, 0], [self.width, self.width]]
        to_inches = self.fig.dpi_scale_trans.inverted().transform
        pixels = self.ax.transData.transform(positions)
        points = to_inches(pixels) * 72
        return points.ptp(axis=0).mean() # Not quite correct...

main()