情况很奇怪，我希望 pickle 模块有一些我不知道的东西。
我有两个元组 s1 和 s2。如果我比较它们，它会返回 True。
s1 == s2
True
如果我腌制它们并比较结果，它返回 False
pickle.dumps(s1) == pickle.dumps(s2)
False
让我们看看这些字节串。它们真的很不一样:
pk1 = pickle.dumps(s1)
pk2 = pickle.dumps(s2)
print(pk1)
b'\x80\x03((X!\x00\x00\x00AA1A2A5D4D4D4D4H2H2H3N0N0P4P4a2a3q\x00X!\x00\x00\x00AA1A3A5D3D4D4D4H1H2H3N0N1P3P4a2a3q\x01K\x01\x86q\x02X!\x00\x00\x00AA2A3A4D2D3D3D3H0H2H2N2N2P3P3a0a2q\x03K\x02\x86q\x04X!\x00\x00\x00AA4A5A5D1D2D2D3H2H4H4N5N5P2P2a2a4q\x05K\x05\x86q\x06X!\x00\x00\x00DA1A3A4A4D2D2D2H1H2H3N4N4P2P2a1a3q\x07K\x04\x86q\x08X!\x00\x00\x00DA2A3A3A4D1D1D2H1H2H3N3N4P0P0a1a3q\tK\x04\x86q\nX!\x00\x00\x00DA2A3A4A4D1D1D2H2H3H3N4N4P0P1a2a3q\x0bK\x04\x86q\x0cX!\x00\x00\x00DA2A3A4A4D1D1D2H2H3H3N4N4P0P1a2a3q\rK\x04\x86q\x0eX!\x00\x00\x00HA0A2A2A4D3D3D3D3H2H2N2N2P3P3a0a2q\x0fK\x02\x86q\x10X!\x00\x00\x00HA1A2A2A4D2D2D3D3H1H2N1N2P2P2a1a2q\x11K\x02\x86q\x12X!\x00\x00\x00HA2A2A3A3D1D1D2D2H1H2N3N3P1P2a0a2q\x13K\x03\x86q\x14X!\x00\x00\x00NA0A0A2A5D3D4D4D4H1H2H3N0P3P4a2a3q\x15K\x00\x86q\x16X!\x00\x00\x00NA0A1A2A5D4D4D4D4H2H2H3N0P4P4a2a3q\x17K\x00\x86q\x18X!\x00\x00\x00PA2A3A3A4D0D1D1D2H1H2H3N3N4P0a1a3q\x19K\x04\x86q\x1aX!\x00\x00\x00PA2A3A4A4D0D0D0D2H2H2H3N4N4P0a2a3q\x1bK\x04\x86q\x1cX!\x00\x00\x00aA0A2A2A4D3D3D3D3H0H2H2N2N2P3P3a2q\x1dK\x02\x86q\x1eX!\x00\x00\x00aA2A2A3A3D1D1D2D2H0H1H2N3N3P1P2a2q\x1fK\x03\x86q 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\x01\x00\x00(h\x1fh\x00K\x03\x86r!\x01\x00\x00h\x01K\x03\x86r"\x01\x00\x00h\x03K\x02\x86r#\x01\x00\x00h\x05K\x02\x86r$\x01\x00\x00h\x07K\x01\x86r%\x01\x00\x00h\tK\x01\x86r&\x01\x00\x00h\x0bK\x02\x86r\'\x01\x00\x00h\rK\x02\x86r(\x01\x00\x00h\x0fK\x02\x86r)\x01\x00\x00h\x11K\x01\x86r*\x01\x00\x00h\x13K\x00\x86r+\x01\x00\x00h\x15K\x03\x86r,\x01\x00\x00h\x17K\x03\x86r-\x01\x00\x00h\x19K\x01\x86r.\x01\x00\x00h\x1bK\x02\x86r/\x01\x00\x00h\x1dK\x02\x86r0\x01\x00\x00tr1\x01\x00\x00tr2\x01\x00\x00.'
print(pk2)
b'\x80\x03((X!\x00\x00\x00AA1A2A5D4D4D4D4H2H2H3N0N0P4P4a2a3q\x00X!\x00\x00\x00AA1A3A5D3D4D4D4H1H2H3N0N1P3P4a2a3q\x01K\x01\x86q\x02X!\x00\x00\x00AA2A3A4D2D3D3D3H0H2H2N2N2P3P3a0a2q\x03K\x02\x86q\x04X!\x00\x00\x00AA4A5A5D1D2D2D3H2H4H4N5N5P2P2a2a4q\x05K\x05\x86q\x06X!\x00\x00\x00DA1A3A4A4D2D2D2H1H2H3N4N4P2P2a1a3q\x07K\x04\x86q\x08X!\x00\x00\x00DA2A3A3A4D1D1D2H1H2H3N3N4P0P0a1a3q\tK\x04\x86q\nX!\x00\x00\x00DA2A3A4A4D1D1D2H2H3H3N4N4P0P1a2a3q\x0bK\x04\x86q\x0cX!\x00\x00\x00DA2A3A4A4D1D1D2H2H3H3N4N4P0P1a2a3q\rK\x04\x86q\x0eX!\x00\x00\x00HA0A2A2A4D3D3D3D3H2H2N2N2P3P3a0a2q\x0fK\x02\x86q\x10X!\x00\x00\x00HA1A2A2A4D2D2D3D3H1H2N1N2P2P2a1a2q\x11K\x02\x86q\x12X!\x00\x00\x00HA2A2A3A3D1D1D2D2H1H2N3N3P1P2a0a2q\x13K\x03\x86q\x14X!\x00\x00\x00NA0A0A2A5D3D4D4D4H1H2H3N0P3P4a2a3q\x15K\x00\x86q\x16X!\x00\x00\x00NA0A1A2A5D4D4D4D4H2H2H3N0P4P4a2a3q\x17K\x00\x86q\x18X!\x00\x00\x00PA2A3A3A4D0D1D1D2H1H2H3N3N4P0a1a3q\x19K\x04\x86q\x1aX!\x00\x00\x00PA2A3A4A4D0D0D0D2H2H2H3N4N4P0a2a3q\x1bK\x04\x86q\x1cX!\x00\x00\x00aA0A2A2A4D3D3D3D3H0H2H2N2N2P3P3a2q\x1dK\x02\x86q\x1eX!\x00\x00\x00aA2A2A3A3D1D1D2D2H0H1H2N3N3P1P2a2q\x1fK\x03\x86q 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\x01\x00\x00(h\x1fh\x00K\x03\x86r!\x01\x00\x00h\x01K\x03\x86r"\x01\x00\x00h\x03K\x02\x86r#\x01\x00\x00h\x05K\x02\x86r$\x01\x00\x00h\x07K\x01\x86r%\x01\x00\x00h\tK\x01\x86r&\x01\x00\x00h\x0bK\x02\x86r\'\x01\x00\x00h\rK\x02\x86r(\x01\x00\x00h\x0fK\x02\x86r)\x01\x00\x00h\x11K\x01\x86r*\x01\x00\x00h\x13K\x00\x86r+\x01\x00\x00h\x15K\x03\x86r,\x01\x00\x00h\x17K\x03\x86r-\x01\x00\x00h\x19K\x01\x86r.\x01\x00\x00h\x1bK\x02\x86r/\x01\x00\x00h\x1dK\x02\x86r0\x01\x00\x00tr1\x01\x00\x00tr2\x01\x00\x00.'
for n, (i, j) in enumerate(zip(pk1, pk2)):
if i != j:
print(n, i, j)
924 11 13
931 13 11
1042 13 11
1049 11 13
1359 11 13
1403 13 11
1477 13 11
1521 11 13
如果我将它们解开并比较结果，它们是相同的:
upk1 = pickle.loads(pk1)
upk2 = pickle.loads(pk2)
print(upk1 == upk2)
True
那么问题是什么导致了这个问题以及如何避免它？是否有一些元数据被腌制？
嗯，我发现了一个相关问题 Python pickle not one-to-one: different pickles give same object .那么 pickle 可以为相同的对象返回不同的结果吗？因此它不适用于哈希计算？因为我计划根据 pickled 表示来计算 md5 哈希值。
更新:s1 和 s2 的文本表示:
(('AA1A2A5D4D4D4D4H2H2H3N0N0P4P4a2a3',
('AA1A3A5D3D4D4D4H1H2H3N0N1P3P4a2a3', 1),
('AA2A3A4D2D3D3D3H0H2H2N2N2P3P3a0a2', 2),
('AA4A5A5D1D2D2D3H2H4H4N5N5P2P2a2a4', 5),
('DA1A3A4A4D2D2D2H1H2H3N4N4P2P2a1a3', 4),
('DA2A3A3A4D1D1D2H1H2H3N3N4P0P0a1a3', 4),
('DA2A3A4A4D1D1D2H2H3H3N4N4P0P1a2a3', 4),
('DA2A3A4A4D1D1D2H2H3H3N4N4P0P1a2a3', 4),
('HA0A2A2A4D3D3D3D3H2H2N2N2P3P3a0a2', 2),
('HA1A2A2A4D2D2D3D3H1H2N1N2P2P2a1a2', 2),
('HA2A2A3A3D1D1D2D2H1H2N3N3P1P2a0a2', 3),
('NA0A0A2A5D3D4D4D4H1H2H3N0P3P4a2a3', 0),
('NA0A1A2A5D4D4D4D4H2H2H3N0P4P4a2a3', 0),
('PA2A3A3A4D0D1D1D2H1H2H3N3N4P0a1a3', 4),
('PA2A3A4A4D0D0D0D2H2H2H3N4N4P0a2a3', 4),
('aA0A2A2A4D3D3D3D3H0H2H2N2N2P3P3a2', 2),
('aA2A2A3A3D1D1D2D2H0H1H2N3N3P1P2a2', 3)),
('AA1A3A5D3D4D4D4H1H2H3N0N1P3P4a2a3',
('AA1A2A5D4D4D4D4H2H2H3N0N0P4P4a2a3', 1),
('AA2A3A4D2D3D3D3H0H2H2N2N2P3P3a0a2', 3),
('AA4A5A5D1D2D2D3H2H4H4N5N5P2P2a2a4', 5),
('DA1A3A4A4D2D2D2H1H2H3N4N4P2P2a1a3', 4),
('DA2A3A3A4D1D1D2H1H2H3N3N4P0P0a1a3', 3),
('DA2A3A4A4D1D1D2H2H3H3N4N4P0P1a2a3', 4),
('DA2A3A4A4D1D1D2H2H3H3N4N4P0P1a2a3', 4),
('HA0A2A2A4D3D3D3D3H2H2N2N2P3P3a0a2', 2),
('HA1A2A2A4D2D2D3D3H1H2N1N2P2P2a1a2', 1),
('HA2A2A3A3D1D1D2D2H1H2N3N3P1P2a0a2', 3),
('NA0A0A2A5D3D4D4D4H1H2H3N0P3P4a2a3', 0),
('NA0A1A2A5D4D4D4D4H2H2H3N0P4P4a2a3', 1),
('PA2A3A3A4D0D1D1D2H1H2H3N3N4P0a1a3', 3),
('PA2A3A4A4D0D0D0D2H2H2H3N4N4P0a2a3', 4),
('aA0A2A2A4D3D3D3D3H0H2H2N2N2P3P3a2', 2),
('aA2A2A3A3D1D1D2D2H0H1H2N3N3P1P2a2', 3)),
('AA2A3A4D2D3D3D3H0H2H2N2N2P3P3a0a2',
('AA1A2A5D4D4D4D4H2H2H3N0N0P4P4a2a3', 2),
('AA1A3A5D3D4D4D4H1H2H3N0N1P3P4a2a3', 3),
('AA4A5A5D1D2D2D3H2H4H4N5N5P2P2a2a4', 4),
('DA1A3A4A4D2D2D2H1H2H3N4N4P2P2a1a3', 3),
('DA2A3A3A4D1D1D2H1H2H3N3N4P0P0a1a3', 3),
('DA2A3A4A4D1D1D2H2H3H3N4N4P0P1a2a3', 2),
('DA2A3A4A4D1D1D2H2H3H3N4N4P0P1a2a3', 3),
('HA0A2A2A4D3D3D3D3H2H2N2N2P3P3a0a2', 0),
('HA1A2A2A4D2D2D3D3H1H2N1N2P2P2a1a2', 2),
('HA2A2A3A3D1D1D2D2H1H2N3N3P1P2a0a2', 2),
('NA0A0A2A5D3D4D4D4H1H2H3N0P3P4a2a3', 2),
('NA0A1A2A5D4D4D4D4H2H2H3N0P4P4a2a3', 2),
('PA2A3A3A4D0D1D1D2H1H2H3N3N4P0a1a3', 3),
('PA2A3A4A4D0D0D0D2H2H2H3N4N4P0a2a3', 3),
('aA0A2A2A4D3D3D3D3H0H2H2N2N2P3P3a2', 0),
('aA2A2A3A3D1D1D2D2H0H1H2N3N3P1P2a2', 2)),
('AA4A5A5D1D2D2D3H2H4H4N5N5P2P2a2a4',
('AA1A2A5D4D4D4D4H2H2H3N0N0P4P4a2a3', 5),
('AA1A3A5D3D4D4D4H1H2H3N0N1P3P4a2a3', 5),
('AA2A3A4D2D3D3D3H0H2H2N2N2P3P3a0a2', 4),
('DA1A3A4A4D2D2D2H1H2H3N4N4P2P2a1a3', 1),
('DA2A3A3A4D1D1D2H1H2H3N3N4P0P0a1a3', 2),
('DA2A3A4A4D1D1D2H2H3H3N4N4P0P1a2a3', 2),
('DA2A3A4A4D1D1D2H2H3H3N4N4P0P1a2a3', 3),
('HA0A2A2A4D3D3D3D3H2H2N2N2P3P3a0a2', 4),
('HA1A2A2A4D2D2D3D3H1H2N1N2P2P2a1a2', 4),
('HA2A2A3A3D1D1D2D2H1H2N3N3P1P2a0a2', 2),
('NA0A0A2A5D3D4D4D4H1H2H3N0P3P4a2a3', 5),
('NA0A1A2A5D4D4D4D4H2H2H3N0P4P4a2a3', 5),
('PA2A3A3A4D0D1D1D2H1H2H3N3N4P0a1a3', 2),
('PA2A3A4A4D0D0D0D2H2H2H3N4N4P0a2a3', 2),
('aA0A2A2A4D3D3D3D3H0H2H2N2N2P3P3a2', 4),
('aA2A2A3A3D1D1D2D2H0H1H2N3N3P1P2a2', 2)),
('DA1A3A4A4D2D2D2H1H2H3N4N4P2P2a1a3',
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('HA0A2A2A4D3D3D3D3H2H2N2N2P3P3a0a2', 2),
('HA1A2A2A4D2D2D3D3H1H2N1N2P2P2a1a2', 1),
('HA2A2A3A3D1D1D2D2H1H2N3N3P1P2a0a2', 0),
('NA0A0A2A5D3D4D4D4H1H2H3N0P3P4a2a3', 3),
('NA0A1A2A5D4D4D4D4H2H2H3N0P4P4a2a3', 3),
('PA2A3A3A4D0D1D1D2H1H2H3N3N4P0a1a3', 1),
('PA2A3A4A4D0D0D0D2H2H2H3N4N4P0a2a3', 2),
('aA0A2A2A4D3D3D3D3H0H2H2N2N2P3P3a2', 2)))
最佳答案
问题是pickle preserves identity relationships between subobjects (这是为了提高效率和处理递归对象):
a1 = "a" * 30
a2 = "a" * 30
s1 = (a1, a2, a1)
s2 = (a1, a2, a2)
print(pickle.dumps(s1) == pickle.dumps(s2))
False
这里，a1 和a2 是相等的但是是不同的对象(它们有不同的id；参见When does python choose to intern a string)； s1 和 s2 再次相等，但在 s1 中，第三个元素是与第一个相同的对象 元素，而在 s2 中，第三个元素与 second 元素是同一个对象。
我们可以通过拆解泡菜看到这一点:
>>> pickletools.dis(pickle.dumps(s1))
0: \x80 PROTO 3
2: X BINUNICODE 'aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa'
37: q BINPUT 0
39: X BINUNICODE 'aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa'
74: q BINPUT 1
76: h BINGET 0 # <=== watch this line *********************
78: \x87 TUPLE3
79: q BINPUT 2
81: . STOP
highest protocol among opcodes = 2
>>> pickletools.dis(pickle.dumps(s2))
0: \x80 PROTO 3
2: X BINUNICODE 'aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa'
37: q BINPUT 0
39: X BINUNICODE 'aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa'
74: q BINPUT 1
76: h BINGET 1 # <=== this is different *********************
78: \x87 TUPLE3
79: q BINPUT 2
81: . STOP
highest protocol among opcodes = 2
一种快速(如果效率低下)的解决方法是通过使用 ast.literal_eval 从它们的 repr 重新创建元组来破坏对象身份:
>>> print(pickle.dumps(ast.literal_eval(repr(s1))) == pickle.dumps(ast.literal_eval(repr(s2))))
True
关于python - 相同的元组给出不同的泡菜，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37748001/