xml - 将 xml 转换为键值对表示法

Question

我使用 xmlstarlet el -v 显示 xml 文件的结构，包括所有属性和值。我想将其输出转换为某种键值对，即每个属性及其值在单独的行上(包括 XPath)；每行必须是唯一的。

<?xml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8?>
<topRoot>
  <topSystem>
    <commSvcEp>
      <commSyslog descr="Syslog Service" name="syslog" policyOwner="local" severity="critical">
        <commSyslogClient adminState="disabled" forwardingFacility="local7" hostname="none" name="secondary" severity="critical"></commSyslogClient>
        <commSyslogClient adminState="disabled" forwardingFacility="local7" hostname="none" name="tertiary" severity="critical"></commSyslogClient>
        <commSyslogClient adminState="disabled" forwardingFacility="local7" hostname="none" name="primary" severity="critical"></commSyslogClient>
      </commSyslog>
    </commSvcEp>
  </topSystem>
</topRoot>

当前结果:

topRoot/topSystem/commSvcEp/commSyslog[@descr='Syslog Service' and @name='syslog' and @policyOwner='local' and @severity='critical']
topRoot/topSystem/commSvcEp/commSyslog/commSyslogClient[@adminState='disabled' and @forwardingFacility='local7' and @hostname='none' and @name='secondary' and @severity='critical']
topRoot/topSystem/commSvcEp/commSyslog/commSyslogClient[@adminState='disabled' and @forwardingFacility='local7' and @hostname='none' and @name='tertiary' and @severity='critical']
topRoot/topSystem/commSvcEp/commSyslog/commSyslogClient[@adminState='disabled' and @forwardingFacility='local7' and @hostname='none' and @name='primary' and @severity='critical']

期望的结果(可以是任何类似的；索引只是一个想法):

topRoot/topSystem/commSvcEp/commSyslog@descr='Syslog Service'
topRoot/topSystem/commSvcEp/commSyslog@name='syslog'
topRoot/topSystem/commSvcEp/commSyslog@policyOwner='local'
topRoot/topSystem/commSvcEp/commSyslog@severity='critical'
topRoot/topSystem/commSvcEp/commSyslog/commSyslogClient[0]@adminState='disabled'
topRoot/topSystem/commSvcEp/commSyslog/commSyslogClient[0]@forwardingFacility='local7'
topRoot/topSystem/commSvcEp/commSyslog/commSyslogClient[0]@hostname='none'
topRoot/topSystem/commSvcEp/commSyslog/commSyslogClient[0]@name='secondary'
topRoot/topSystem/commSvcEp/commSyslog/commSyslogClient[0]@severity='critical'
topRoot/topSystem/commSvcEp/commSyslog/commSyslogClient[1]@adminState='disabled'
topRoot/topSystem/commSvcEp/commSyslog/commSyslogClient[1]@forwardingFacility='local7'
topRoot/topSystem/commSvcEp/commSyslog/commSyslogClient[1]@hostname='none'
topRoot/topSystem/commSvcEp/commSyslog/commSyslogClient[1]@name='tertiary'
topRoot/topSystem/commSvcEp/commSyslog/commSyslogClient[1]@severity='critical'
topRoot/topSystem/commSvcEp/commSyslog/commSyslogClient[2]@adminState='disabled'
topRoot/topSystem/commSvcEp/commSyslog/commSyslogClient[2]@forwardingFacility='local7'
topRoot/topSystem/commSvcEp/commSyslog/commSyslogClient[2]@hostname='none'
topRoot/topSystem/commSvcEp/commSyslog/commSyslogClient[2]@name='primary'
topRoot/topSystem/commSvcEp/commSyslog/commSyslogClient[2]@severity='critical'

我想要完成的是能够对两个这样的文件运行 diff 或使用 grep 来过滤匹配模式。我确信有一种方法可以创建这样的输出，而无需使用 sed、awk 或除 xmlstarlet 本身之外的任何其他东西。

对于 xmlstarlet 和整个 xml 世界，我几乎是一个新手(不仅仅是因为我不喜欢 xml，因为它的复杂性和解析开销等)，所以我真的很感谢你的帮助。谢谢!

Answer 1

因为您已经在使用 xmlstarlet，所以您也可以使用 XSLT。

XSLT 1.0(可以通过 tr 命令与 xmlstarlet 一起运行)

<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
    <xsl:output method="text"/>
    <xsl:strip-space elements="*"/>

    <xsl:param name="sep" select="'.'"/>

    <xsl:template match="text()"/>

    <xsl:template match="*">
        <xsl:variable name="path">
            <xsl:for-each select="ancestor-or-self::*">
                <xsl:variable name="predicate">
                    <xsl:call-template name="genPredicate"/>
                </xsl:variable>
                <xsl:if test="ancestor::*">
                    <xsl:value-of select="$sep"/>
                </xsl:if>
                <xsl:value-of select="concat(local-name(),$predicate)"/>
            </xsl:for-each>
        </xsl:variable>
        <xsl:for-each select="@*">
            <xsl:value-of select="concat($path,$sep,name(),'=',.)"/>
            <xsl:text>&#xA;</xsl:text>
        </xsl:for-each>
        <xsl:if test="not(@*)">
            <xsl:text>&#xA;</xsl:text>          
        </xsl:if>
        <xsl:apply-templates select="node()"/>
    </xsl:template>

    <xsl:template name="genPredicate">
        <xsl:if test="preceding-sibling::*[local-name()=local-name(current())] or following-sibling::*[local-name()=local-name(current())]">
            <xsl:value-of select="concat('[',count(preceding-sibling::*[local-name()=local-name(current())])+1,']')"/>          
        </xsl:if>
    </xsl:template>

</xsl:stylesheet>

注意:有一个名为 sep 的参数，因此您可以从命令行更改分隔符(使用 -p sep="/" 或您想要的任何分隔符) .它当前设置为您首选的“.”。

输出

commSyslog.descr=Syslog Service
commSyslog.name=syslog
commSyslog.policyOwner=local
commSyslog.severity=critical
commSyslog.commSyslogClient[1].adminState=disabled
commSyslog.commSyslogClient[1].forwardingFacility=local7
commSyslog.commSyslogClient[1].hostname=none
commSyslog.commSyslogClient[1].name=secondary
commSyslog.commSyslogClient[1].severity=critical
commSyslog.commSyslogClient[2].adminState=disabled
commSyslog.commSyslogClient[2].forwardingFacility=local7
commSyslog.commSyslogClient[2].hostname=none
commSyslog.commSyslogClient[2].name=tertiary
commSyslog.commSyslogClient[2].severity=critical
commSyslog.commSyslogClient[3].adminState=disabled
commSyslog.commSyslogClient[3].forwardingFacility=local7
commSyslog.commSyslogClient[3].hostname=none
commSyslog.commSyslogClient[3].name=primary
commSyslog.commSyslogClient[3].severity=critical
commSyslog.commSyslogMonitor.adminState=disabled
commSyslog.commSyslogMonitor.descr=
commSyslog.commSyslogMonitor.name=
commSyslog.commSyslogMonitor.severity=critical
commSyslog.commSyslogConsole.adminState=disabled
commSyslog.commSyslogConsole.descr=
commSyslog.commSyslogConsole.name=
commSyslog.commSyslogConsole.severity=critical
commSyslog.commSyslogSource.audits=disabled
commSyslog.commSyslogSource.descr=
commSyslog.commSyslogSource.events=disabled
commSyslog.commSyslogSource.faults=enabled
commSyslog.commSyslogSource.name=
commSyslog.commSyslogFile.adminState=enabled
commSyslog.commSyslogFile.descr=
commSyslog.commSyslogFile.name=messages
commSyslog.commSyslogFile.severity=critical
commSyslog.commSyslogFile.size=4194304