是否有工具可以在 Windows 批处理文件中并行执行多个进程？我发现了一些适用于 Linux 的有趣工具(parallel 和 PPSS)，但是，我需要一个适用于 Windows 平台的工具。
奖励:如果该工具还允许在多台机器之间以简单的方式分发进程，远程运行进程，那就太好了PsExec .
例子:我想在下面的for循环中使用
for %F in (*.*) do processFile.exe %F
有限数量的 processFile.exe 实例并行运行以利用多核 CPU。
最佳答案
编辑 - 我修改了脚本以选择性地显示每个进程的输出
这是一个 native 批处理解决方案，可以可靠地并行运行命令列表，一次启动的进程不会超过 n 个。
它甚至内置了一种机制，可以通过 PSEXEC 将进程分发到特定的 CPU 或远程机器，但我还没有测试过该功能。
使这项工作起作用的诀窍是通过一个 CMD 进程启动每个命令，该进程将 stdout 或未定义的句柄重定向到锁定文件。该进程将保持对该文件的独占锁定，直到它终止。不管进程如何终止(正常退出、崩溃、killed进程)，锁都会被释放。
主脚本可以通过尝试重定向到同一个锁定文件来测试进程是否仍然处于事件状态。如果进程仍处于事件状态，重定向将失败，如果进程已终止，则重定向成功。
默认情况下，脚本会忽略每个进程的输出。如果以 /O 选项作为第一个参数启动，那么它会显示每个进程的输出，而不会交错。
我的演示将进程限制设置为 4，并简单地运行一系列不同长度的 PING 命令。
我已经在 XP、Vista 和 Windows 7 上对此进行了测试。
@echo off
setlocal enableDelayedExpansion
:: Display the output of each process if the /O option is used
:: else ignore the output of each process
if /i "%~1" equ "/O" (
set "lockHandle=1"
set "showOutput=1"
) else (
set "lockHandle=1^>nul 9"
set "showOutput="
)
:: The list of commands could come from anywhere such as another file
:: or the output of another command. For this demo I will list the
:: commands within this script - Each command is prefixed with :::
::: ping /n 05 ::1
::: ping /n 20 ::1
::: ping /n 10 ::1
::: ping /n 15 ::1
::: ping /n 07 ::1
::: ping /n 05 ::1
::: ping /n 20 ::1
::: ping /n 10 ::1
::: ping /n 15 ::1
::: ping /n 07 ::1
:: Define the maximum number of parallel processes to run.
:: Each process number can optionally be assigned to a particular server
:: and/or cpu via psexec specs (untested).
set "maxProc=4"
:: Optional - Define CPU targets in terms of PSEXEC specs
:: (everything but the command)
::
:: If a CPU is not defined for a proc, then it will be run on the local machine.
:: I haven't tested this feature, but it seems like it should work.
::
:: set cpu1=psexec \\server1 ...
:: set cpu2=psexec \\server1 ...
:: set cpu3=psexec \\server2 ...
:: etc.
:: For this demo force all CPU specs to undefined (local machine)
for /l %%N in (1 1 %maxProc%) do set "cpu%%N="
:: Get a unique base lock name for this particular instantiation.
:: Incorporate a timestamp from WMIC if possible, but don't fail if
:: WMIC not available. Also incorporate a random number.
set "lock="
for /f "skip=1 delims=-+ " %%T in ('2^>nul wmic os get localdatetime') do (
set "lock=%%T"
goto :break
)
:break
set "lock=%temp%\lock%lock%_%random%_"
:: Initialize the counters
set /a "startCount=0, endCount=0"
:: Clear any existing end flags
for /l %%N in (1 1 %maxProc%) do set "endProc%%N="
:: Launch the commands in a loop
:: Modify the IN () clause as needed to retrieve the list of commands
set launch=1
for /f "tokens=* delims=:" %%A in ('findstr /b ":::" "%~f0"') do (
if !startCount! lss %maxProc% (
set /a "startCount+=1, nextProc=startCount"
) else (
call :wait
)
set cmd!nextProc!=%%A
if defined showOutput echo -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
echo !time! - proc!nextProc!: starting %%A
2>nul del %lock%!nextProc!
%= Redirect the lock handle to the lock file. The CMD process will =%
%= maintain an exclusive lock on the lock file until the process ends. =%
start /b "" cmd /c %lockHandle%^>"%lock%!nextProc!" 2^>^&1 !cpu%%N! %%A
)
set "launch="
:wait
:: Wait for procs to finish in a loop
:: If still launching then return as soon as a proc ends
:: else wait for all procs to finish
:: redirect stderr to null to suppress any error message if redirection
:: within the loop fails.
for /l %%N in (1 1 %startCount%) do 2>nul (
%= Redirect an unused file handle to the lock file. If the process is =%
%= still running then redirection will fail and the IF body will not run =%
if not defined endProc%%N if exist "%lock%%%N" 9>>"%lock%%%N" (
%= Made it inside the IF body so the process must have finished =%
if defined showOutput echo ===============================================================================
echo !time! - proc%%N: finished !cmd%%N!
if defined showOutput type "%lock%%%N"
if defined launch (
set nextProc=%%N
exit /b
)
set /a "endCount+=1, endProc%%N=1"
)
)
if %endCount% lss %startCount% (
1>nul 2>nul ping /n 2 ::1
goto :wait
)
2>nul del %lock%*
if defined showOutput echo ===============================================================================
echo Thats all folks^^!
这是忽略过程输出的示例运行的输出
12:24:07.52 - proc1: starting ping /n 05 ::1
12:24:07.52 - proc2: starting ping /n 20 ::1
12:24:07.53 - proc3: starting ping /n 10 ::1
12:24:07.54 - proc4: starting ping /n 15 ::1
12:24:11.60 - proc1: finished ping /n 05 ::1
12:24:11.60 - proc1: starting ping /n 07 ::1
12:24:16.66 - proc3: finished ping /n 10 ::1
12:24:16.66 - proc3: starting ping /n 05 ::1
12:24:17.68 - proc1: finished ping /n 07 ::1
12:24:17.68 - proc1: starting ping /n 20 ::1
12:24:20.72 - proc3: finished ping /n 05 ::1
12:24:20.72 - proc3: starting ping /n 10 ::1
12:24:21.75 - proc4: finished ping /n 15 ::1
12:24:21.75 - proc4: starting ping /n 15 ::1
12:24:26.82 - proc2: finished ping /n 20 ::1
12:24:26.82 - proc2: starting ping /n 07 ::1
12:24:29.86 - proc3: finished ping /n 10 ::1
12:24:32.89 - proc2: finished ping /n 07 ::1
12:24:35.92 - proc4: finished ping /n 15 ::1
12:24:36.93 - proc1: finished ping /n 20 ::1
Thats all folks!
如果使用显示进程输出的 /O 选项运行，这里是输出
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12:24:51.02 - proc1: starting ping /n 05 ::1
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12:24:51.02 - proc2: starting ping /n 20 ::1
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12:24:51.03 - proc3: starting ping /n 10 ::1
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12:24:51.04 - proc4: starting ping /n 15 ::1
===============================================================================
12:24:55.10 - proc1: finished ping /n 05 ::1
Pinging ::1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Ping statistics for ::1:
Packets: Sent = 5, Received = 5, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12:24:55.10 - proc1: starting ping /n 07 ::1
===============================================================================
12:25:00.17 - proc3: finished ping /n 10 ::1
Pinging ::1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Ping statistics for ::1:
Packets: Sent = 10, Received = 10, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12:25:00.19 - proc3: starting ping /n 05 ::1
===============================================================================
12:25:01.22 - proc1: finished ping /n 07 ::1
Pinging ::1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Ping statistics for ::1:
Packets: Sent = 7, Received = 7, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12:25:01.23 - proc1: starting ping /n 20 ::1
===============================================================================
12:25:04.27 - proc3: finished ping /n 05 ::1
Pinging ::1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Ping statistics for ::1:
Packets: Sent = 5, Received = 5, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12:25:04.28 - proc3: starting ping /n 10 ::1
===============================================================================
12:25:05.30 - proc4: finished ping /n 15 ::1
Pinging ::1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Ping statistics for ::1:
Packets: Sent = 15, Received = 15, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12:25:05.32 - proc4: starting ping /n 15 ::1
===============================================================================
12:25:10.38 - proc2: finished ping /n 20 ::1
Pinging ::1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Ping statistics for ::1:
Packets: Sent = 20, Received = 20, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12:25:10.40 - proc2: starting ping /n 07 ::1
===============================================================================
12:25:13.44 - proc3: finished ping /n 10 ::1
Pinging ::1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Ping statistics for ::1:
Packets: Sent = 10, Received = 10, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
===============================================================================
12:25:16.48 - proc2: finished ping /n 07 ::1
Pinging ::1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Ping statistics for ::1:
Packets: Sent = 7, Received = 7, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
===============================================================================
12:25:19.52 - proc4: finished ping /n 15 ::1
Pinging ::1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Ping statistics for ::1:
Packets: Sent = 15, Received = 15, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
===============================================================================
12:25:20.54 - proc1: finished ping /n 20 ::1
Pinging ::1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Reply from ::1: time<1ms
Ping statistics for ::1:
Packets: Sent = 20, Received = 20, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
===============================================================================
Thats all folks!
关于windows - 并行执行shell进程，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/38897812/