python - 如何用Python实现Windows 10 IVirtualDesktopManager接口(interface)？

标签 python windows ctypes pywin32 virtual-desktop

我正在尝试实现 IVirtualDesktopManager interface (以及之后的 hopefully IVirtualDesktopManagerInternal)在 Python 中基于 this SO answer ，但我被困住了。

编辑:我想要一个 Python 中的工作示例，它至少可以引导我实现 IsWindowOnCurrentVirtualDesktop 方法 - 当将 hwnd 传递给它时，它应该返回一个 bool 值。

使用 pywin32 我能够到达该过程中的某个点，但我不确定是否可以在纯 Python 中做到这一点，也不确定如何继续:

# bypythoncom.py
import pythoncom
import pywintypes

"""IServiceProvider* pServiceProvider = NULL;
HRESULT hr = ::CoCreateInstance(
    CLSID_ImmersiveShell, NULL, CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER,
    __uuidof(IServiceProvider), (PVOID*)&pServiceProvider);"""

CLSID_ImmersiveShell = pywintypes.IID("{C2F03A33-21F5-47FA-B4BB-156362A2F239}")

provider = pythoncom.CoCreateInstance(
    CLSID_ImmersiveShell,
    None,
    pythoncom.CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER,
    pythoncom.IID_IServiceProvider,
)
print(provider)

"""if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
    IVirtualDesktopManager *pDesktopManager = NULL;
    hr = pServiceProvider->QueryService(__uuidof(IVirtualDesktopManager), &pDesktopManager);

    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
    {
        BOOL bIsOnCurrentDesktop = FALSE;
        hr = pDesktopManager->IsWindowOnCurrentVirtualDesktop(hWnd, &bIsOnCurrentDesktop);

        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
        {
            // use bIsOnCurrentDesktop as needed...
        }

        pDesktopManager->Release();
    }

    pServiceProvider->Release();
}
"""

manager = provider.QueryService(
    pywintypes.IID("{a5cd92ff-29be-454c-8d04-d82879fb3f1b}"),
    pythoncom.IID_IUnknown,
)
print(manager)

# C:\dev\examples\desktops>python bypythoncom.py
# <PyIServiceProvider at 0x002A7170 with obj at 0x001C256C>
# <PyIUnknown at 0x002A7188 with obj at 0x002AB2F4>

使用comtypes我不知道使用什么作为QueryService的接口(interface)参数:

# bycomtypes.py
import comtypes
import comtypes.client
from comtypes.GUID import GUID

clsid = GUID("{C2F03A33-21F5-47FA-B4BB-156362A2F239}")  # CLSID_ImmersiveShell

service_provider = comtypes.client.CreateObject(clsid, interface=comtypes.IServiceProvider)
print(service_provider)

iid = GUID("{A5CD92FF-29BE-454C-8D04-D82879FB3F1B}") # IID_IVirtualDesktopManager

manager = service_provider.QueryService(
    iid, interface
)

# C:\dev\examples\desktops>python bycomtypes.py
# <POINTER(IServiceProvider) ptr=0xbd8d04 at 30c8e90>

我不太确定在获取提供程序后应该做什么，IUnknown 仅公开 QueryInterface 方法，这是另一个 ctypes 和 comtypes 尝试:

import ctypes
from comtypes import IUnknown, CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER
from comtypes.GUID import GUID

ole32 = ctypes.windll.ole32
# ole32.CoInitialize(None)

CLSID_ImmersiveShell = GUID("{C2F03A33-21F5-47FA-B4BB-156362A2F239}")
IID_IServiceProvider = GUID("{6D5140C1-7436-11CE-8034-00AA006009FA}")

provider = ctypes.POINTER(IUnknown)()
ole32.CoCreateInstance(
    ctypes.byref(CLSID_ImmersiveShell),
    None,
    CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER,
    ctypes.byref(IID_IServiceProvider),
    ctypes.byref(provider),
)
print(provider)

IID_IVirtualDesktopManager = GUID("{A5CD92FF-29BE-454C-8D04-D82879FB3F1B}")
instance = provider.QueryInterface(IUnknown, IID_IVirtualDesktopManager)

# C:\dev\examples\desktops>python byctypes.py
# <POINTER(IUnknown) ptr=0x8b294 at 8a26c0>
# Traceback (most recent call last):
#   File "another.py", line 22, in <module>
#     instance = provider.QueryInterface(IUnknown, IID_IVirtualDesktopManager)
#   File "C:\dev\venvs\project\lib\site-packages\comtypes\__init__.py", line 1158, in QueryInterface
#     self.__com_QueryInterface(byref(iid), byref(p))
# _ctypes.COMError: (-2147467262, 'No such interface supported', (None, None, None, 0, None))

Edit2:我更改了最后一个示例，以便它揭示了 @Baget 所指的内容。摘自actual implementation在 Python 中 comtypes.IUnknown 的 QueryInterface 是:

def QueryInterface(self, interface, iid=None):
    "QueryInterface(interface) -> instance"
    p = POINTER(interface)()
    if iid is None:
        iid = interface._iid_

如果有人给出如何执行此操作的提示或链接一些我可能遵循的实现来完成这项工作，我将不胜感激。

最佳答案

您可以从下面的代码中获取灵感来编写自己的代码

所有功劳均归原作者于https://github.com/DanEdens/Virtual_Desktops_Plugin/ 

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# This file is a plugin for EventGhost.
# Copyright © 2005-2019 EventGhost Project <http://www.eventghost.net/>
#
# EventGhost is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
# the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
# Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or (at your option)
# any later version.
#
# EventGhost is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for
# more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with EventGhost. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

u"""
    Name: VirtualDesktops
    Author: Kgschlosser
    Version: 0.1
    Description: Creates events based on Virtual desktop interactions.
    GUID: {5DFFBD61-7582-4D6F-8EA9-9CB36284C9CF}
    URL: http://eventghost.net/forum/viewtopic.php?f=10&p=53389#p53389
"""
import eg

eg.RegisterPlugin(
    name = "Virtual Desktops",
    author = "Kgschlosser",
    version = "0.0.004",
    guid = "{C2F03A33-21F5-47FA-B4BB-156362A2F239}",
    canMultiLoad = False,
    url = "http://eventghost.net/forum/viewtopic.php?f=10&p=53389#p53389",
    description = "Creates events based on Virtual desktop interactions.",

)


from ctypes.wintypes import HRESULT, HWND, BOOL, POINTER, DWORD, INT, UINT, LPVOID, ULONG

import comtypes
import ctypes
from comtypes import helpstring, COMMETHOD
from comtypes.GUID import GUID

REFGUID = POINTER(GUID)
REFIID = REFGUID
ENUM = INT
IID = GUID
INT32 = ctypes.c_int32
INT64 = ctypes.c_int64

CLSID_ImmersiveShell = GUID(
    '{C2F03A33-21F5-47FA-B4BB-156362A2F239}'
)

CLSID_IVirtualNotificationService = GUID(
    '{A501FDEC-4A09-464C-AE4E-1B9C21B84918}'
)


class HSTRING__(ctypes.Structure):
    _fields_ = [
        ('unused', INT),
    ]


HSTRING = POINTER(HSTRING__)


class EventRegistrationToken(ctypes.Structure):
    _fields_ = [
        ('value', INT64)
    ]


class AdjacentDesktop(ENUM):
    LeftDirection = 3
    RightDirection = 4


class ApplicationViewOrientation(ENUM):
    ApplicationViewOrientation_Landscape = 0
    ApplicationViewOrientation_Portrait = 1


class TrustLevel(ENUM):
    BaseTrust = 0
    PartialTrust = BaseTrust + 1
    FullTrust = PartialTrust + 1


IID_IInspectable = GUID(
    '{AF86E2E0-B12D-4C6A-9C5A-D7AA65101E90}'
)


class IInspectable(comtypes.IUnknown):
    _case_insensitive_ = True
    _idlflags_ = []
    _iid_ = IID_IInspectable
    _methods_ = [
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method GetIids')],
            HRESULT,
            'GetIids',
            (['out'], POINTER(ULONG), 'iidCount'),
            (['out'], POINTER(POINTER(IID)), 'iids'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method GetRuntimeClassName')],
            HRESULT,
            'GetRuntimeClassName',
            (['out'], POINTER(HSTRING), 'className'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method GetTrustLevel')],
            HRESULT,
            'GetTrustLevel',
            (['out'], POINTER(TrustLevel), 'trustLevel'),
        ),
    ]


IID_IApplicationViewConsolidatedEventArgs = GUID(
    '{514449EC-7EA2-4DE7-A6A6-7DFBAAEBB6FB}'
)


class IApplicationViewConsolidatedEventArgs(IInspectable):
    _case_insensitive_ = True
    _iid_ = IID_IApplicationViewConsolidatedEventArgs
    _idlflags_ = []
    _methods_ = [
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method get_IsUserInitiated')],
            HRESULT,
            'get_IsUserInitiated',
            (['retval', 'out'], POINTER(BOOL), 'value'),
        ),
    ]


IID_IApplicationView = GUID(
    '{D222D519-4361-451E-96C4-60F4F9742DB0}'
)


class IApplicationView(IInspectable):
    _case_insensitive_ = True
    _iid_ = IID_IApplicationView
    _idlflags_ = []
    _methods_ = [
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method get_Orientation')],
            HRESULT,
            'get_Orientation',
            (['retval', 'out'], POINTER(ApplicationViewOrientation), 'value'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method get_AdjacentToLeftDisplayEdge')],
            HRESULT,
            'get_AdjacentToLeftDisplayEdge',
            (['retval', 'out'], POINTER(BOOL), 'value'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method get_AdjacentToRightDisplayEdge')],
            HRESULT,
            'get_AdjacentToRightDisplayEdge',
            (['retval', 'out'], POINTER(BOOL), 'value'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method get_IsFullScreen')],
            HRESULT,
            'get_IsFullScreen',
            (['retval', 'out'], POINTER(BOOL), 'value'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method get_IsOnLockScreen')],
            HRESULT,
            'get_IsOnLockScreen',
            (['retval', 'out'], POINTER(BOOL), 'value'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method get_IsScreenCaptureEnabled')],
            HRESULT,
            'get_IsScreenCaptureEnabled',
            (['retval', 'out'], POINTER(BOOL), 'value'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method put_IsScreenCaptureEnabled')],
            HRESULT,
            'put_IsScreenCaptureEnabled',
            (['in'], BOOL, 'value'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method put_Title')],
            HRESULT,
            'put_Title',
            (['in'], HSTRING, 'value'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method get_Title')],
            HRESULT,
            'get_Title',
            (['retval', 'out'], POINTER(HSTRING), 'value'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method get_Id')],
            HRESULT,
            'get_Id',
            (['retval', 'out'], POINTER(INT32), 'value'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method add_Consolidated')],
            HRESULT,
            'add_Consolidated',
            (['in'], POINTER(IApplicationViewConsolidatedEventArgs), 'handler'),
            (['retval', 'out'], POINTER(EventRegistrationToken), 'token'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method remove_Consolidated')],
            HRESULT,
            'remove_Consolidated',
            (['in', ], EventRegistrationToken, 'EventRegistrationToken'),
        ),
    ]


IID_IServiceProvider = GUID(
    '{6D5140C1-7436-11CE-8034-00AA006009FA}'
)


class IServiceProvider(comtypes.IUnknown):
    _case_insensitive_ = True
    _idlflags_ = []
    _iid_ = IID_IServiceProvider
    _methods_ = [
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method QueryService'), 'local', 'in'],
            HRESULT,
            'QueryService',
            (['in'], REFGUID, 'guidService'),
            (['in'], REFIID, 'riid'),
            (['out'], POINTER(LPVOID), 'ppvObject'),
        ),
    ]


IID_IObjectArray = GUID(
    "{92CA9DCD-5622-4BBA-A805-5E9F541BD8C9}"
)


class IObjectArray(comtypes.IUnknown):
    """
    Unknown Object Array
    """
    _case_insensitive_ = True
    _idlflags_ = []
    _iid_ = None

    _methods_ = [
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method GetCount')],
            HRESULT,
            'GetCount',
            (['out'], POINTER(UINT), 'pcObjects'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method GetAt')],
            HRESULT,
            'GetAt',
            (['in'], UINT, 'uiIndex'),
            (['in'], REFIID, 'riid'),
            (['out', 'iid_is'], POINTER(LPVOID), 'ppv'),
        ),
    ]


IID_IVirtualDesktop = GUID(
    '{FF72FFDD-BE7E-43FC-9C03-AD81681E88E4}'
)


class IVirtualDesktop(comtypes.IUnknown):
    _case_insensitive_ = True
    _iid_ = IID_IVirtualDesktop
    _idlflags_ = []
    _methods_ = [
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method IsViewVisible')],
            HRESULT,
            'IsViewVisible',
            (['out'], POINTER(IApplicationView), 'pView'),
            (['out'], POINTER(INT), 'pfVisible'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method GetID')],
            HRESULT,
            'GetID',
            (['out'], POINTER(GUID), 'pGuid'),
        )
    ]


IID_IVirtualDesktopManager = GUID(
    '{A5CD92FF-29BE-454C-8D04-D82879FB3F1B}'
)


class IVirtualDesktopManager(comtypes.IUnknown):
    _case_insensitive_ = True
    _iid_ = IID_IVirtualDesktopManager
    _idlflags_ = []
    _methods_ = [
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method IsWindowOnCurrentVirtualDesktop')],
            HRESULT,
            'IsWindowOnCurrentVirtualDesktop',
            (['in'], HWND, 'topLevelWindow'),
            (['out'], POINTER(BOOL), 'onCurrentDesktop'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method GetWindowDesktopId')],
            HRESULT,
            'GetWindowDesktopId',
            (['in'], HWND, 'topLevelWindow'),
            (['out'], POINTER(GUID), 'desktopId'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method MoveWindowToDesktop')],
            HRESULT,
            'MoveWindowToDesktop',
            (['in'], HWND, 'topLevelWindow'),
            (['in'], REFGUID, 'desktopId'),
        ),
    ]


CLSID_VirtualDesktopManagerInternal = GUID(
    '{C5E0CDCA-7B6E-41B2-9FC4-D93975CC467B}'
)

IID_IVirtualDesktopManagerInternal = GUID(
    '{F31574D6-B682-4CDC-BD56-1827860ABEC6}'
)


# IID_IVirtualDesktopManagerInternal = GUID(
#     '{AF8DA486-95BB-4460-B3B7-6E7A6B2962B5}'
# )

# IID_IVirtualDesktopManagerInternal = GUID(
#     '{EF9F1A6C-D3CC-4358-B712-F84B635BEBE7}'
# )

class IVirtualDesktopManagerInternal(comtypes.IUnknown):
    _case_insensitive_ = True
    _iid_ = IID_IVirtualDesktopManagerInternal
    _idlflags_ = []
    _methods_ = [
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method GetCount')],
            HRESULT,
            'GetCount',
            (['out'], POINTER(UINT), 'pCount'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method MoveViewToDesktop')],
            HRESULT,
            'MoveViewToDesktop',
            (['out'], POINTER(IApplicationView), 'pView'),
            (['out'], POINTER(IVirtualDesktop), 'pDesktop'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method CanViewMoveDesktops')],
            HRESULT,
            'CanViewMoveDesktops',
            (['out'], POINTER(IApplicationView), 'pView'),
            (['out'], POINTER(INT), 'pfCanViewMoveDesktops'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method GetCurrentDesktop')],
            HRESULT,
            'GetCurrentDesktop',
            (['out'], POINTER(POINTER(IVirtualDesktop)), 'desktop'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method GetDesktops')],
            HRESULT,
            'GetDesktops',
            (['out'], POINTER(POINTER(IObjectArray)), 'ppDesktops'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method GetAdjacentDesktop')],
            HRESULT,
            'GetAdjacentDesktop',
            (['out'], POINTER(IVirtualDesktop), 'pDesktopReference'),
            (['in'], AdjacentDesktop, 'uDirection'),
            (['out'], POINTER(POINTER(IVirtualDesktop)), 'ppAdjacentDesktop'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method SwitchDesktop')],
            HRESULT,
            'SwitchDesktop',
            (['in'], POINTER(IVirtualDesktop), 'pDesktop'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method CreateDesktopW')],
            HRESULT,
            'CreateDesktopW',
            (['out'], POINTER(POINTER(IVirtualDesktop)), 'ppNewDesktop'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method RemoveDesktop')],
            HRESULT,
            'RemoveDesktop',
            (['in'], POINTER(IVirtualDesktop), 'pRemove'),
            (['in'], POINTER(IVirtualDesktop), 'pFallbackDesktop'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method FindDesktop')],
            HRESULT,
            'FindDesktop',
            (['in'], POINTER(GUID), 'desktopId'),
            (['out'], POINTER(POINTER(IVirtualDesktop)), 'ppDesktop'),
        ),
    ]


IID_IVirtualDesktopNotification = GUID(
    '{C179334C-4295-40D3-BEA1-C654D965605A}'
)


class IVirtualDesktopNotification(comtypes.IUnknown):
    _case_insensitive_ = True
    _iid_ = IID_IVirtualDesktopNotification
    _idlflags_ = []
    _methods_ = [
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method VirtualDesktopCreated')],
            HRESULT,
            'VirtualDesktopCreated',
            (['in'], POINTER(IVirtualDesktop), 'pDesktop'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method VirtualDesktopDestroyBegin')],
            HRESULT,
            'VirtualDesktopDestroyBegin',
            (['in'], POINTER(IVirtualDesktop), 'pDesktopDestroyed'),
            (['in'], POINTER(IVirtualDesktop), 'pDesktopFallback'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method VirtualDesktopDestroyFailed')],
            HRESULT,
            'VirtualDesktopDestroyFailed',
            (['in'], POINTER(IVirtualDesktop), 'pDesktopDestroyed'),
            (['in'], POINTER(IVirtualDesktop), 'pDesktopFallback'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method VirtualDesktopDestroyed')],
            HRESULT,
            'VirtualDesktopDestroyed',
            (['in'], POINTER(IVirtualDesktop), 'pDesktopDestroyed'),
            (['in'], POINTER(IVirtualDesktop), 'pDesktopFallback'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method ViewVirtualDesktopChanged')],
            HRESULT,
            'ViewVirtualDesktopChanged',
            (['in'], POINTER(IApplicationView), 'pView'),
        ),
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method CurrentVirtualDesktopChanged')],
            HRESULT,
            'CurrentVirtualDesktopChanged',
            (['in'], POINTER(IVirtualDesktop), 'pDesktopOld'),
            (['in'], POINTER(IVirtualDesktop), 'pDesktopNew'),
        ),
    ]


IID_IVirtualDesktopNotificationService = GUID('{0CD45E71-D927-4F15-8B0A-8FEF525337BF}')


class IVirtualDesktopNotificationService(comtypes.IUnknown):
    _case_insensitive_ = True
    _iid_ = IID_IVirtualDesktopNotificationService
    _idlflags_ = []
    _methods_ = [
        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method Register')],
            HRESULT,
            'Register',
            (['in'], POINTER(IVirtualDesktopNotification), 'pNotification'),
            (['out'], POINTER(DWORD), 'pdwCookie'),
        ),

        COMMETHOD(
            [helpstring('Method Unregister')],
            HRESULT,
            'Unregister',
            (['in'], DWORD, 'dwCookie'),
        ),
    ]


comtypes.CoInitialize()

pServiceProvider = comtypes.CoCreateInstance(
    CLSID_ImmersiveShell,
    IServiceProvider,
    comtypes.CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER,
)

pDesktopManagerInternal = comtypes.cast(
    pServiceProvider.QueryService(
        CLSID_VirtualDesktopManagerInternal,
        IID_IVirtualDesktopManagerInternal
    ),
    ctypes.POINTER(IVirtualDesktopManagerInternal)
)

pObjectArray = POINTER(IObjectArray)()

pDesktopManagerInternal.GetDesktops(ctypes.byref(pObjectArray))

count = UINT()
pObjectArray.GetCount(ctypes.byref(count))

for i in range(count):
    pDesktop = POINTER(IVirtualDesktop)()
    pObjectArray.GetAt(i, IID_IVirtualDesktop, ctypes.byref(pDesktop))

    id = GUID()
    pDesktop.GetID(ctypes.byref(id))

    print(id)

关于python - 如何用Python实现Windows 10 IVirtualDesktopManager接口(interface)？，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/57149456/

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