c# - 如何解决 .NET Core 包版本冲突

标签 c# visual-studio asp.net-core .net-assembly conflicting-libraries

我正在从一个 .NET MVC 5 Web 应用程序迁移到一个 .NET Core 2.2 Web API 项目以及五个 .NET Standard 2.0 项目，它们都位于一个解决方案下。

我现在收到 28 条关于包冲突的警告 (MSB3277)，它们都在 System 命名空间内。例如，Version=4.0.11.0 和 Version=4.0.14.0 之间的 System.Collections.Concurrent 似乎存在版本冲突(请参阅下面的错误 block )。

故障排除尝试:

  1. 我尝试卸载所有我不使用的 .NET Core SDK，目前安装了 2.2.300。那没有用。
  2. 我尝试在解决方案级别进入 NuGet 以安装缺少的程序集，但 4.0.14 在选择列表中甚至不可用。我可以从以下版本中进行选择:4.3、4.0.12、4.0.10 和 4.0.0。我确实尝试在所有项目中安装 4.3，但这没有用。
  3. 网络上的其他解决方案似乎建议降低 SDK 的版本或在 *.csproj 文件中对引用进行硬编码 - 如果没有必要，我都不想这样做。我不喜欢前者，因为向后移动似乎违反直觉，我不喜欢后者，因为硬编码修复以永久使用旧包，这似乎是一个非常糟糕的主意，因为它似乎不太可能更新到已发布的新版本。

有谁知道如何解决这些警告？非常感谢任何帮助。

其中一个警告的构建详细输出:

Line 5419: 3>    Dependency "System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.14.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a".
Line 5420: 3>        Could not resolve this reference. Could not locate the assembly "System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.14.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a". Check to make sure the assembly exists on disk. If this reference is required by your code, you may get compilation errors.
Line 5675: 3>    There was a conflict between "System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.11.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" and "System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.14.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a".
Line 5675: 3>    There was a conflict between "System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.11.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" and "System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.14.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a".
Line 5676: 3>        "System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.11.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" was chosen because it was primary and "System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.14.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" was not.
Line 5676: 3>        "System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.11.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" was chosen because it was primary and "System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.14.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" was not.
Line 5677: 3>        References which depend on "System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.11.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" [C:\Program Files\dotnet\sdk\NuGetFallbackFolder\netstandard.library\2.0.3\build\netstandard2.0\ref\System.Collections.Concurrent.dll].
Line 5677: 3>        References which depend on "System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.11.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" [C:\Program Files\dotnet\sdk\NuGetFallbackFolder\netstandard.library\2.0.3\build\netstandard2.0\ref\System.Collections.Concurrent.dll].

更新

更多故障排除:

https://github.com/dotnet/standard/issues/731

https://github.com/dotnet/corefx/issues/32561

这是 Microsoft 的错误吗？

构建时列出所有 28 条警告的最小输出:

3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Collections.Concurrent" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Collections" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Collections.NonGeneric" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.ComponentModel" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Diagnostics.Debug" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Diagnostics.Process" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Diagnostics.Tracing" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.IO.FileSystem" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Linq" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Net.Primitives" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Net.Security" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Resources.ResourceManager" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Runtime" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Runtime.Extensions" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Runtime.InteropServices.RuntimeInformation" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Security.Cryptography.Algorithms" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Security.Cryptography.Csp" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Security.Cryptography.Encoding" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Security.Cryptography.Primitives" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Text.Encoding.Extensions" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Text.RegularExpressions" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Threading" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Threading.Tasks" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Threading.ThreadPool" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Threading.Timer" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Memory" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.

最佳答案

这里的问题至少是“System.Collections.Concurrent”的强命名和混合程序集版本，但可能是所有 28 个警告。

I tried going into NuGet at the solution level to install the missing assembly, but 4.0.14 isn't even available in the selection list.

您看到的版本是 NuGet 版本，与程序集版本不同。例如NuGet 版本 4.3.0-preview1-24530-04 具有适用于 .NET 标准 1.3 的程序集版本 4.0.13.0:

请注意，在同一个包中，netcore50的汇编版本是4.0.10.0!

Is this a Microsoft bug?

不，这是一项功能。当程序集是 strong named ., 那么完整版应该匹配。如果没有，这将发出警告。不使用 GAC 时，只能发布程序集的一个版本 - 如果使用多个版本，那么发布哪个版本？注意 - 所有 Microsoft 的程序集都是强命名的。

这里的问题:

  • 您正在包含一个(强命名的)程序集，该程序集是为 System.Collections.Concurrent 程序集版本 4.0.14.0 构建的
  • 您正在(间接地)在您的应用程序程序集版本 4.0.11.0 中使用 System.Collections.Concurrent 程序集。

所以一个组件有两个版本!

解决方案

有多种可能的解决方案:

  1. 为 System.Collections.Concurrent 在所有地方使用相同的程序集版本(您需要找出哪个 NuGet 包是程序集版本 4.0.14.0)。这在大多数时候是不可行的。
  2. 将版本 4.0.11.0 和 4.0.14.0 安装到 GAC 中 - 这不是最近流行的选项 -> .NET Core 不可能，因为没有 GAC for .净核心。参见 Is there any GAC equivalent for .NET Core?

  3. 使用 <bindingRedirect>在你的 .config 中。参见 Redirecting Assembly Versions | Microsoft Docs

    例如对于“System.Collections.Concurrent”:

    <dependentAssembly>
    <assemblyIdentity name="System.Collections.Concurrent" publicKeyToken="b03f5f7f11d50a3a" culture="neutral" />
    <bindingRedirect oldVersion="4.0.0.0-4.0.14.0" newVersion="4.0.11.0" />
</dependentAssembly>

最后的笔记

有28个版本问题，但有一个很大的变化，多个问题用一个bindingRedirect解决。所以最好的方法是从一个开始(最好是最顶级的)，然后重建并重复直到所有问题都解决。

另请注意，降级程序集有点棘手，例如，基于 4.0.13.0 构建的程序集可以使用 4.0.11.0+ 中引入/更改的功能。所以你也可以更新你的版本并在“newVersion”属性中使用那个版本

关于c# - 如何解决 .NET Core 包版本冲突，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/56616079/

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