php - php通过其值之一合并两个或多个ArrayIterators

标签 php arrays merge iterator

我有两个迭代器,必须合并成一个结果。
以下是数据示例:

ArrayIterator Object
(
[storage:ArrayIterator:private] => Array
    (
        [0] => Array
            (
                [period] => 04/04/2012 16:00:00
                [bl_subs] => 1
                [bl_unsubs] => 1
                [bl_block_total] => 1
            )

        [1] => Array
            (
                [period] => 04/04/2012 17:00:00
                [bl_subs] => 1
                [bl_unsubs] => 2
                [bl_block_total] => 0
            )

        [2] => Array
            (
                [period] => 04/04/2012 18:00:00
                [bl_subs] => 0
                [bl_unsubs] => 0
                [bl_block_total] => -1
            )

        [3] => Array
            (
                [period] => 04/04/2012 19:00:00
                [bl_subs] => 2
                [bl_unsubs] => 0
                [bl_block_total] => -2
            )

        [4] => Array
            (
                [period] => 04/04/2012 20:00:00
                [bl_subs] => 2
                [bl_unsubs] => 0
                [bl_block_total] => 1
            )

    )

)


ArrayIterator Object
(
[storage:ArrayIterator:private] => Array
    (
        [0] => Array
            (
                [period] => 04/04/2012 15:00:00
                [bl_avg] => 5
                [bl_full] => 0
            )

        [1] => Array
            (
                [period] => 04/04/2012 17:00:00
                [bl_avg] => 0
                [bl_full] => 7
            )

        [2] => Array
            (
                [period] => 04/04/2012 18:00:00
                [bl_avg] => 1
                [bl_full] => 0
            )

    )

)

我想按关键字“period”将它们合并到一个摘要迭代器中。
最终结果应该是:
ArrayIterator Object
(
[storage:ArrayIterator:private] => Array
    (
        [0] => Array
            (
                [period] => 04/04/2012 15:00:00
                [bl_subs] => 0
                [bl_unsubs] => 0
                [bl_avg] => 5
                [bl_full] => 0
                [bl_block_total] => 0
            )

        [1] => Array
            (
                [period] => 04/04/2012 16:00:00
                [bl_subs] => 1
                [bl_unsubs] => 1
                [bl_avg] => 0
                [bl_full] => 0
                [bl_block_total] => 1
            )

        [2] => Array
            (
                [period] => 04/04/2012 17:00:00
                [bl_subs] => 1
                [bl_unsubs] => 2
                [bl_avg] => 0
                [bl_full] => 7
                [bl_block_total] => 0
            )

        [3] => Array
            (
                [period] => 04/04/2012 18:00:00
                [bl_subs] => 0
                [bl_unsubs] => 0
                [bl_avg] => 1
                [bl_full] => 0
                [bl_block_total] => -1
            )

        [4] => Array
            (
                [period] => 04/04/2012 19:00:00
                [bl_subs] => 2
                [bl_unsubs] => 0
                [bl_avg] => 0
                [bl_full] => 0
                [bl_block_total] => -2
            )

        [5] => Array
            (
                [period] => 04/04/2012 20:00:00
                [bl_subs] => 2
                [bl_unsubs] => 0
                [bl_avg] => 0
                [bl_full] => 0
                [bl_block_total] => 1
            )

    )

)

最好不要使用foreach、for、while或任何其他循环。那是因为数据会很大,我们不想有内存问题。我尝试使用current()next()使用内部数组指针。
如果有人知道解决办法,请通知我。

最佳答案

如果两个迭代器都是排序的,您可以缓存它们,比较每个迭代中哪个优先(如果不相等),并处理那个迭代。如果相等,则对两者进行同等处理。
不平等:

$it1[[period] => 04/04/2012 16:00:00] > $it2[[period] => 04/04/2012 15:00:00]

=> process $it2 data:

    [period] => 04/04/2012 15:00:00
    [bl_avg] => 5
    [bl_full] => 0

  as current():

    [period] => 04/04/2012 15:00:00
    [bl_subs] => 1
    [bl_unsubs] => 1
    [bl_avg] => 5
    [bl_full] => 0
    [bl_block_total] => 1

+ $it2->next();

注意:我不知道源数据($it2[0] (15:00)[bl_subs => 1][bl_unsubs] => 1[bl_block_total] => 1中不存在的元素是如何产生的。这是默认值吗?
相等:(跳过一次迭代)
$it1[[period] => 04/04/2012 17:00:00] == $it2[[period] => 04/04/2012 17:00:00]

=> process $it1 and $it2 data:

    $it1:
        [period] => 04/04/2012 17:00:00
        [bl_subs] => 1
        [bl_unsubs] => 2
        [bl_block_total] => 0

    $it2:
        [period] => 04/04/2012 17:00:00
        [bl_avg] => 0
        [bl_full] => 7

  as current():

        [period] => 04/04/2012 17:00:00
        [bl_subs] => 1
        [bl_unsubs] => 2
        [bl_avg] => 0
        [bl_full] => 7
        [bl_block_total] => 0

 + $it1->next(); $it2->next();

你可以把这个过程封装成它自己的Iterator,所以它被很好的封装了。因为给定的信息是有限的,所以我创建了一个简化的例子,将日期减少到问题域:一次迭代两个迭代器。如果两个迭代器相等,则返回两者。如果不相等,则返回比较两者时的第一个。
使用的简化数据:
$ar1 = array('04/04/2012 16:00:00', '04/04/2012 17:00:00', '04/04/2012 18:00:00', '04/04/2012 19:00:00', '04/04/2012 20:00:00');
$ar2 = array('04/04/2012 15:00:00', '04/04/2012 17:00:00', '04/04/2012 18:00:00');

只有两个数组包含比较值。它们被转换为两个迭代器:
$it1 = new ArrayIterator($ar1);
$it2 = new ArrayIterator($ar2);

写出的问题仅限于两个迭代器。为了更一般地解决这个问题,它应该使用0个或更多的迭代器。因此,每次迭代都会根据当前值对迭代器进行比较。为此,使用比较函数。您可以将其与usortDocs的工作方式进行比较:一个函数比较a和b,并基于两者返回一个整数值:
AA=B:0(A=B,返回值=0)
A>B:1(A大于B,返回值大于零)
这允许相互比较无限数量的对。它只需要两个函数:一个从我们使用的迭代器获得当前值,另一个函数在A和B之间进行实际比较(实际上,您可以将两个函数合并为一个函数,但是这是示例性的,并且您的数组/迭代器有一点不同,我认为分离是值得的,这样你以后就可以更容易地修改它了。首先,从迭代器中获取值的函数,我与ISO日期时间值进行比较,因为我可以用一个简单的strcmp
/**
 * Get Comparison-Value of an Iterator
 *
 * @param Iterator $iterator
 * @return string
 */
$compareValue = function(Iterator $iterator) {
    $value = $iterator->current();
    sscanf($value, '%d/%d/%d %s', $month, $day, $year, $timeISO);
    $dateISO = sprintf('%04d-%02d-%02d %s', $year, $month, $day, $timeISO);
    return $dateISO;
};

注:我不知道你用的是哪种日期格式,也许我把月和日混合在一起,只需要交换变量,这基本上是自描述性的。
所有这些函数都是为了获得一个与迭代器很容易比较的值。此操作尚未执行上述比较,因此需要另一个函数,该函数将使用此比较值函数作为依赖项:
/**
 * Compare two Iterators by it's value
 *
 * @param Iterator $a
 * @param Iterator $b
 * @return int comparison result (as of strcmp())
 */
$compareFunction = function(Iterator $a, Iterator $b) use ($compareValue) {
    return strcmp($compareValue($a), $compareValue($b));
};

这就是compare函数,它基于strcmp字符串比较函数,并使用$compareValue函数获取用于比较的字符串。
假设你有一个有两个迭代器的数组,现在可以对它进行排序了。还可以将第一个元素与下一个元素进行比较,以确定它们是否相等。
完成后,现在可以创建一个由多个迭代器组成的迭代器,在每次迭代中,附加的迭代器都会被排序,只有第一个迭代器(以及与之相等的迭代器)将作为当前迭代器返回并转发。类似这样的流程:
Src
由于排序已经用比较函数完成,所以只需要封装这个迭代逻辑。对于任何大小的数组(0个或更多元素),排序都是通用的。用法示例:
/**
 * Usage
 */
$it = new MergeCompareIterator($compareFunction, array($it1, $it2));

foreach ($it as $index => $values) {
    printf("Iteration #%d:\n", $index);
    foreach ($values as $iteratorIndex => $value) {
        printf("  * [%d] => %s\n", $iteratorIndex, $value);
    }
}

这个使用示例将输出它所在的迭代以及该迭代的关联值。在这种情况下,作为示例数组的时间信息仅由这些组成。它还将其放入迭代器所在的方括号中(0代表第一个,1代表第二个)。这将生成以下输出:
Iteration #0:
  * [1] => 04/04/2012 15:00:00
Iteration #1:
  * [0] => 04/04/2012 16:00:00
Iteration #2:
  * [0] => 04/04/2012 17:00:00
  * [1] => 04/04/2012 17:00:00
Iteration #3:
  * [0] => 04/04/2012 18:00:00
  * [1] => 04/04/2012 18:00:00
Iteration #4:
  * [0] => 04/04/2012 19:00:00
Iteration #5:
  * [0] => 04/04/2012 20:00:00

如您所见,对于两个(预排序的)迭代器中相等的比较值,作为一对返回。在您的情况下,您需要进一步处理这些值,例如在提供默认值的同时合并它们:
$defaults = array('bl_subs' => 0, ...);
foreach ($it as $values) {
    array_unshift($values, $default);
    $value = call_user_func_array('array_merge', $values);
}

这就是MergeCompareIterator的用法。实现是相当直接的,到目前为止这一个还没有缓存排序/当前迭代器,如果您想改进它,我将此作为一个练习。
完整代码:
<?php
/**
 * @link http://stackoverflow.com/q/10024953/367456
 * @author hakre <http://hakre.wordpress.com/>
 */

$ar1 = array('04/04/2012 16:00:00', '04/04/2012 17:00:00', '04/04/2012 18:00:00', '04/04/2012 19:00:00', '04/04/2012 20:00:00');
$ar2 = array('04/04/2012 15:00:00', '04/04/2012 17:00:00', '04/04/2012 18:00:00');

$it1 = new ArrayIterator($ar1);
$it2 = new ArrayIterator($ar2);

/**
 * Get Comparison-Value of an Iterator
 *
 * @param Iterator $iterator
 * @return string
 */
$compareValue = function(Iterator $iterator)
{
    $value = $iterator->current();
    sscanf($value, '%d/%d/%d %s', $month, $day, $year, $timeISO);
    $dateISO = sprintf('%04d-%02d-%02d %s', $year, $month, $day, $timeISO);
    return $dateISO;
};

/**
 * Compare two Iterators by it's value
 *
 * @param Iterator $a
 * @param Iterator $b
 * @return int comparison result (as of strcmp())
 */
$compareFunction = function(Iterator $a, Iterator $b) use ($compareValue)
{
    return strcmp($compareValue($a), $compareValue($b));
};

/**
 * Iterator with a comparison based merge-append strategy over 0 or more iterators.
 *
 * Compares 0 or more iterators with each other. Returns the one that comes first
 * and any additional one that is equal to the first as an array of their current()
 * values in this current().
 * next() forwards all iterators that are part of current().
 */
class MergeCompareIterator implements Iterator
{
    /**
     * @var Iterator[]
     */
    private $iterators;

    /**
     * @var callback
     */
    private $compareFunction;

    /**
     * @var int
     */
    private $index;

    /**
     * @param callback $compareFunction (same sort of usort()/uasort() callback)
     * @param Iterator[] $iterators
     */
    public function __construct($compareFunction, array $iterators = array())
    {
        $this->setCompareFunction($compareFunction);
        foreach ($iterators as $iterator) {
            $this->appendIterator($iterator);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param callback $compareFunction
     */
    public function setCompareFunction($compareFunction)
    {
        if (!is_callable($compareFunction)) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Compare function is not callable.');
        }
        $this->compareFunction = $compareFunction;
    }

    public function appendIterator(Iterator $it)
    {
        $this->iterators[] = $it;
    }

    public function rewind()
    {
        foreach ($this->iterators as $it) {
            $it->rewind();
        }
        $this->index = 0;
    }

    /**
     * @return Array one or more current values
     * @throws RuntimeException
     */
    public function current()
    {
        $current = array();
        foreach ($this->getCurrentIterators() as $key => $value) {
            $current[$key] = $value->current();
        }
        return $current;
    }

    /**
     * @return Iterator[]
     */
    private function getCurrentIterators()
    {
        /* @var $compareFunction Callable */
        $compareFunction = $this->compareFunction;

        $iterators = $this->getValidIterators();
        $r = uasort($iterators, $compareFunction);
        if (FALSE === $r) {
            throw new RuntimeException('Sorting failed.');
        }

        $compareAgainst = reset($iterators);
        $sameIterators = array();
        foreach ($iterators as $key => $iterator) {
            $comparison = $compareFunction($iterator, $compareAgainst);
            if (0 !== $comparison) {
                break;
            }
            $sameIterators[$key] = $iterator;
        }
        ksort($sameIterators);
        return $sameIterators;
    }

    /**
     * @return Iterator[]
     */
    private function getValidIterators()
    {
        $validIterators = array();
        foreach ($this->iterators as $key => $iterator) {
            $iterator->valid() && $validIterators[$key] = $iterator;
        }
        return $validIterators;
    }

    /**
     * @return int zero based iteration count
     */
    public function key()
    {
        return $this->index;
    }

    public function next()
    {
        foreach ($this->getCurrentIterators() as $iterator) {
            $iterator->next();
        }
        $this->index++;
    }

    public function valid()
    {
        return (bool)count($this->getValidIterators());
    }
}

/**
 * Usage
 */
$it = new MergeCompareIterator($compareFunction, array($it1, $it2));

foreach ($it as $index => $values) {
    printf("Iteration #%d:\n", $index);
    foreach ($values as $iteratorIndex => $value) {
        printf("  * [%d] => %s\n", $iteratorIndex, $value);
    }
}

希望这对你有帮助。它只适用于“内部”迭代器中预先排序的数据,否则比较当前元素的merge/append策略没有意义。

关于php - php通过其值之一合并两个或多个ArrayIterators,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10024953/

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