filter
、map
和 reduce
在 Python 2 中完美运行。下面是一个示例:
>>> def f(x):
return x % 2 != 0 and x % 3 != 0
>>> filter(f, range(2, 25))
[5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23]
>>> def cube(x):
return x*x*x
>>> map(cube, range(1, 11))
[1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, 343, 512, 729, 1000]
>>> def add(x,y):
return x+y
>>> reduce(add, range(1, 11))
55
但在 Python 3 中,我收到以下输出:
>>> filter(f, range(2, 25))
<filter object at 0x0000000002C14908>
>>> map(cube, range(1, 11))
<map object at 0x0000000002C82B70>
>>> reduce(add, range(1, 11))
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#8>", line 1, in <module>
reduce(add, range(1, 11))
NameError: name 'reduce' is not defined
如果有人能向我解释为什么会这样,我将不胜感激。
代码截图更清楚:
最佳答案
您可以阅读 What's New In Python 3.0 中的更改。 .当您从 2.x 迁移到 3.x 时,您应该仔细阅读它,因为已经发生了很多变化。
这里的全部答案是从文档中引用的。
Views And Iterators Instead Of Lists
Some well-known APIs no longer return lists:
- [...]
map()
andfilter()
return iterators. If you really need a list, a quick fix is e.g.list(map(...))
, but a better fix is often to use a list comprehension (especially when the original code uses lambda), or rewriting the code so it doesn’t need a list at all. Particularly tricky ismap()
invoked for the side effects of the function; the correct transformation is to use a regularfor
loop (since creating a list would just be wasteful).- [...]
- [...]
- Removed
reduce()
. Usefunctools.reduce()
if you really need it; however, 99 percent of the time an explicitfor
loop is more readable.- [...]
关于python - 如何在 Python 3 中使用过滤器、映射和归约,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13638898/