为了使SwingTimer准确，我喜欢@Tony Docherty建议的逻辑和示例
在CR。这是Link。
为了突出显示给定的单词，一次又一次地总是有几微秒的延迟。如果我要突出显示一些单词:“hello how are”，并且每个单词的值分别(延迟)为:200,300,400 ms，则计时器实际花费的时间总是更多。说而不是200毫秒，而是216毫秒。像这样，如果我有很多话……最后，额外的延迟是显而易见的。
我必须突出显示每个字母说:'h'e'l'l'0'每个字母应获得200/length(即5)= 40 ms左右。设置每个字母后的延迟时间。
我的逻辑是，在开始该过程之前，以当前时间说startTime。另外，计算totalDelay，它是totalDelay + = delay/.length()。
现在检查条件:(startTime+totalDelay-System.currentTime)
如果这是-ve，则意味着时间消耗更多，因此请跳过字母。检查直到出现正延迟，这意味着我要添加到现在为止的计时，并以进程开始时所花费的时间差异来过度检查它。
这可能导致跳过以突出显示字母。
但是出了点问题。什么，我很难辨认。可能是循环的问题。我已经看到它只是两次进入循环(以检查时间是否为-ve)。但这不是事实。我也不确定是否要设置下一个延迟时间。有任何想法吗？
这是一个SSCCE:
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JTextPane;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
import javax.swing.Timer;
import javax.swing.text.BadLocationException;
import javax.swing.text.DefaultStyledDocument;
import javax.swing.text.StyleConstants;
import javax.swing.text.StyledDocument;
public class Reminder {
private static final String TEXT = "arey chod chaad ke apnee saleem ki gali anarkali disco chalo";
private static final String[] WORDS = TEXT.split(" ");
private JFrame frame;
private Timer timer;
private StyledDocument doc;
private JTextPane textpane;
private int[] times = new int[100];
private long totalDelay=0,startTime=0;
private int stringIndex = 0;
private int index = 0;
public void startColoring() {
times[0]=100;times[9]=200;times[10]=200;times[11]=200;times[12]=200;
times[1]=400;times[2]=300;times[3]=900;times[4]=1000;times[5]=600;times[6]=200;times[7]=700;times[8]=700;
ActionListener actionListener = new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent actionEvent)
{
doc.setCharacterAttributes(stringIndex, 1, textpane.getStyle("Red"), true);
stringIndex++;
try {
if (stringIndex >= doc.getLength() || doc.getText(stringIndex, 1).equals(" ")|| doc.getText(stringIndex, 1).equals("\n"))
{
index++;
}
if (index < WORDS.length) {
double delay = times[index];
totalDelay+=delay/WORDS[index].length();
/*Check if there is no -ve delay, and you are running according to the time*/
/*The problem is here I think. It's just entered this twice*/
while(totalDelay+startTime-System.currentTimeMillis()<0)
{
totalDelay+=delay/WORDS[index].length();
stringIndex++;
/*this may result into the end of current word, jump to next word.*/
if (stringIndex >= doc.getLength() || doc.getText(stringIndex, 1).equals(" ") || doc.getText(stringIndex, 1).equals("\n"))
{
index += 1;
totalDelay+=delay/WORDS[index].length();
}
}
timer.setDelay((int)(totalDelay+startTime-System.currentTimeMillis()));
}
else {
timer.stop();
System.err.println("Timer stopped");
}
} catch (BadLocationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
};
startTime=System.currentTimeMillis();
timer = new Timer(times[index], actionListener);
timer.setInitialDelay(0);
timer.start();
}
public void initUI() {
frame = new JFrame();
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
JPanel panel = new JPanel();
doc = new DefaultStyledDocument();
textpane = new JTextPane(doc);
textpane.setText(TEXT);
javax.swing.text.Style style = textpane.addStyle("Red", null);
StyleConstants.setForeground(style, Color.RED);
panel.add(textpane);
frame.add(panel);
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String args[]) throws InterruptedException, InvocationTargetException {
SwingUtilities.invokeAndWait(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
Reminder reminder = new Reminder();
reminder.initUI();
reminder.startColoring();
}
});
}
}
更新:
为了更好的理解:
@Tony Docherty给出的EG:
让我们以单词“Test”为例，说它需要突出显示1秒钟，因此每个字母都突出显示250ms。
按照您原来的方式做事，确实意味着您为每个字母设置了250ms的计时器，但是如果每个周期实际上花费了260ms，并且可以说“e”周期花费了400ms(可能是由于GC或其他使用CPU周期的原因)，结束时，您将需要多花180毫秒的时间。该错误将继续为每个单词生成，直到该错误太大为止，突出显示不再在视觉上同步。
我正在尝试的方法不是重复说该字母需要突出显示x的时间量，而是计算每个字母相对于序列开头的时间，即T = 250，e = 500，s = 750，t = 1000。
因此，要获取实际的时间延迟，您需要添加开始时间并减去当前时间。为了使用上面给出的时间来运行示例:
StartTime Letter Offset CurrentTime Delay ActualTimeTaken
100000 T 250 100010 240 250
100000 e 500 100260 240 400
100000 s 750 100660 90 100
100000 t 1000 100760 240 250
因此，您现在应该可以看到，每个字母的时间已进行调整，以考虑到前一个字母的任何时间超限。当然，时间超限有可能太大，以致您不得不跳过突出显示下一个字母(或者可能超过1个字母)的情况，但至少我会保持大致同步。
编辑的SSCCE
更新2
在第一阶段，我会为每个单词安排时间。也就是说，当用户按下ESC键时，将存储一个特定单词的时间(当在后台播放歌曲时，他会这样做。)按下ESC键时，当前单词会突出显示，并且当前单词所花费的时间单词存储在数组中。我继续存储时间。当用户结束时，现在我想按照设置的时间突出显示单词。因此，在这里，用户的时间安排很重要。如果时间安排得很快，那么单词的突出显示也要快，反之亦然。
新更新:进度
以下答案具有不同的逻辑，但令我惊讶的是，它们的工作原理大致相同。我在所有逻辑(包括我的逻辑)中发现的一个非常非常奇怪的问题是，它们似乎只适用于几行，但是在获得速度之后，这也不算慢，但有很大的不同。
另外，如果您认为我应该以不同的方式思考，那么您的建议也将受到高度赞赏。
最佳答案
好的，所以我一直在看一些代码(我在上一个关于卡拉OK计时器的问题中发布的代码)
使用该代码，我通过System.nanoTime()建立了一个使用System.out.println()的测量系统，这将有助于我们了解正在发生的情况:
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import javax.swing.AbstractAction;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JTextPane;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
import javax.swing.Timer;
import javax.swing.text.Style;
import javax.swing.text.StyleConstants;
import javax.swing.text.StyledDocument;
public class KaraokeTest {
private int[] timingsArray = {1000, 1000, 9000, 1000, 1000, 1000, 1000, 1000, 1000, 1000};//word/letters timings
private String[] individualWordsToHighlight = {" \nHello\n", " world\n", " Hello", " world", " Hello", " world", " Hello", " world", " Hello", " world"};//each individual word/letters to highlight
private int count = 0;
private final JTextPane jtp = new JTextPane();
private final JButton startButton = new JButton("Start");
private final JFrame frame = new JFrame();
//create Arrays of individual letters and their timings
final ArrayList<String> chars = new ArrayList<>();
final ArrayList<Long> charsTiming = new ArrayList<>();
public KaraokeTest() {
initComponents();
}
private void initComponents() {
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setResizable(false);
for (String s : individualWordsToHighlight) {
String tmp = jtp.getText();
jtp.setText(tmp + s);
}
jtp.setEditable(false);
startButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {
startButton.setEnabled(false);
count = 0;
charsTiming.clear();
chars.clear();
for (String s : individualWordsToHighlight) {
for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
chars.add(String.valueOf(s.charAt(i)));
//System.out.println(String.valueOf(s.charAt(i)));
}
}
//calculate each letters timings
for (int x = 0; x < timingsArray.length; x++) {
for (int i = 0; i < individualWordsToHighlight[x].length(); i++) {
individualWordsToHighlight[x] = individualWordsToHighlight[x].replace("\n", " ").replace("\r", " ");//replace line breaks
charsTiming.add((long) (timingsArray[x] / individualWordsToHighlight[x].trim().length()));//dont count spaces
//System.out.println(timingsArray[x] / individualWordsToHighlight[x].length());
}
}
Timer t = new Timer(1, new AbstractAction() {
long startTime = 0;
long acum = 0;
long timeItTookTotal = 0;
long dif = 0, timeItTook = 0, timeToTake = 0;
int delay = 0;
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {
if (count < charsTiming.size()) {
if (count == 0) {
startTime = System.nanoTime();
System.out.println("Started: " + startTime);
}
timeToTake = charsTiming.get(count);
acum += timeToTake;
//highlight the next word
highlightNextWord();
//System.out.println("Acum " + acum);
timeItTook = (acum - ((System.nanoTime() - startTime) / 1000000));
timeItTookTotal += timeItTook;
//System.out.println("Elapsed since start: " + (System.nanoTime() - startTime));
System.out.println("Time the char should take: " + timeToTake);
System.out.println("Time it took: " + timeItTook);
dif = (timeToTake - timeItTook);
System.out.println("Difference: " + dif);
//System.out.println("Difference2 " + (timeToTake - dif));
//calculate start of next letter to highlight less the difference it took between time it took and time it should actually take
delay = (int) (timeToTake - dif);
if (delay < 1) {
delay = 1;
}
//restart timer with new timings
((Timer) ae.getSource()).setInitialDelay((int) timeToTake);//timer is usually faster thus the entire highlighting will be done too fast
//((Timer) ae.getSource()).setInitialDelay(delay);
((Timer) ae.getSource()).restart();
} else {//we are at the end of the array
long timeStopped = System.nanoTime();
System.out.println("Stopped: " + timeStopped);
System.out.println("Time it should take in total: " + acum);
System.out.println("Time it took using accumulator of time taken for each letter: " + timeItTookTotal
+ "\nDifference: " + (acum - timeItTookTotal));
long timeItTookUsingNanoTime = ((timeStopped - startTime) / 1000000);
System.out.println("Time it took using difference (endTime-startTime): " + timeItTookUsingNanoTime
+ "\nDifference: " + (acum - timeItTookUsingNanoTime));
reset();
((Timer) ae.getSource()).stop();//stop the timer
}
count++;//increment counter
}
});
t.setRepeats(false);
t.start();
}
});
frame.add(jtp, BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.add(startButton, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
}
private void reset() {
startButton.setEnabled(true);
jtp.setText("");
for (String s : individualWordsToHighlight) {
String tmp = jtp.getText();
jtp.setText(tmp + s);
}
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frame, "Done");
}
private void highlightNextWord() {
//we still have words to highlight
int sp = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < count + 1; i++) {//get count for number of letters in words (we add 1 because counter is only incrementd after this method is called)
sp += 1;
}
while (chars.get(sp - 1).equals(" ")) {
sp += 1;
count++;
}
//highlight words
Style style = jtp.addStyle("RED", null);
StyleConstants.setForeground(style, Color.RED);
((StyledDocument) jtp.getDocument()).setCharacterAttributes(0, sp, style, true);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
new KaraokeTest();
}
});
}
}
我的电脑上的输出是:
Started: 10289712615974
Time the char should take: 166
Time it took: 165
Difference 1
...
Time the char should take: 166
Time it took: 155
Difference 11
...
Time the char should take: 166
Time it took: 5
Difference 161
Stopped: 10299835063084
Time it should take in total: 9960
Time it took using accumulator of time taken for each letter: 5542
Difference: 4418
Time it took using difference (endTime-startTime): 10122
Difference: -162
因此，我的结论是Swing计时器的运行速度实际上比我们预期的要快，因为
Timer s actionPerformed中的代码不一定会花费与预期的字母突出显示时间一样长的时间，这当然会引起雪崩效应，即计时器运行的更快/更慢。差异将变得更大/更少，并且在restart(..)上执行下一个计时器的时间将在不同的时间，即更快或更慢。在代码中执行以下操作:
//calculate start of next letter to highlight less the difference it took between time it took and time it should actually take
delay = (int) (timeToTake - dif);
//restart timer with new timings
//((Timer) ae.getSource()).setInitialDelay((int)timeToTake);//timer is usually faster thus the entire highlighting will be done too fast
((Timer) ae.getSource()).setInitialDelay(delay);
((Timer) ae.getSource()).restart();
产生更准确的结果(Ive的最大延迟是每个字母快4毫秒):
Started: 10813491256556
Time the char should take: 166
Time it took: 164
Difference 2
...
Time the char should take: 166
Time it took: 164
Difference 2
...
Time the char should take: 166
Time it took: 162
Difference 4
Stopped: 10823452105363
Time it should take in total: 9960
Time it took using accumulator of time taken for each letter: 9806
Difference: 154
Time it took using difference (endTime-startTime): 9960
Difference: 0
关于java - 发行: Creating a very accurate Swing Timer，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15040989/