session - 更新了 Pyramid 模型目录结构，现在 session 已损坏

Question

背景

所以我有一个 Pyramis 应用程序，其中包含大量以不同方式相互关联的模型。这些模型最初根据其一般角色保存在一堆不同的文件中。例如，我有一个名为 auth_models.py 的文件，其中包含用户和组的定义。

我一直在努力处理导入等问题，因为所有模型文件都以如此复杂的方式相互关联，所以我放弃了并将它们全部放在同一个文件中。然后我在其他地方更新了所有导入语句，以便一切正常。

现在，每当我尝试访问任何 View 时，我都会收到内部服务器错误。事实证明，该错误是由于 auth_models.py 不再存在而引起的。该错误来自 picklie.loads 语句，因此我认为正在加载的一些 session 信息不再起作用。完整的错误消息以及我的 session 设置包含在本问题的末尾。

问题

如果我的假设是正确的，我如何让 Pyramid 以安全的方式“忘记”最后的 session ？

如果我的假设不正确，解决此问题的最佳方法是什么？我不想恢复到旧的目录结构，因为这会导致它自己的问题......

设置

session.type = file
session.data_dir = %(here)s/data/sessions/data
session.lock_dir = %(here)s/data/sessions/lock
session.key = ******
session.secret = *****
session.cookie_on_exception = true
session.auto = true
session.timeout = 1800

错误

2013-04-08 10:24:15,642 ERROR [waitress][Dummy-2] Exception when serving /
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid_debugtoolbar-1.0.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid_debugtoolbar/toolbar.py", line 122, in toolbar_tween
response = _handler(request)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid_debugtoolbar-1.0.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid_debugtoolbar/panels/performance.py", line 55, in resource_timer_handler
result = handler(request)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid-1.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid/tweens.py", line 21, in excview_tween
response = handler(request)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid_tm-0.7-py3.3.egg/pyramid_tm/__init__.py", line 82, in tm_tween
reraise(*exc_info)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid_tm-0.7-py3.3.egg/pyramid_tm/compat.py", line 13, in reraise
raise value
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid_tm-0.7-py3.3.egg/pyramid_tm/__init__.py", line 63, in tm_tween
response = handler(request)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid-1.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid/router.py", line 161, in handle_request
response = view_callable(context, request)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid-1.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid/config/views.py", line 345, in rendered_view
result = view(context, request)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid-1.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid/config/views.py", line 462, in _class_requestonly_view
inst = view(request)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/mega/wsgi/pyramidapp/pyramidapp/views/basic_views.py", line 10, in __init__
BaseView.__init__(self,request)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/mega/wsgi/pyramidapp/pyramidapp/views/class_base_view.py", line 15, in __init__
BaseView.session_init(request)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/mega/wsgi/pyramidapp/pyramidapp/views/class_base_view.py", line 62, in session_init
if not request.session.__contains__(sKey):
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid-1.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid/decorator.py", line 39, in __get__
val = self.wrapped(inst)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid-1.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid/request.py", line 350, in session
return factory(self)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid-1.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid/session.py", line 204, in __init__
value = signed_deserialize(cookieval, self._secret)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid-1.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid/session.py", line 82, in signed_deserialize
return pickle.loads(pickled)
ImportError: No module named 'pyramidapp.models.auth_models'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid-1.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid/mako_templating.py", line 211, in __call__
result = template.render_unicode(**system)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/Mako-0.7.3-py3.3.egg/mako/template.py", line 421, in render_unicode
as_unicode=True)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/Mako-0.7.3-py3.3.egg/mako/runtime.py", line 767, in _render
**_kwargs_for_callable(callable_, data))
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/Mako-0.7.3-py3.3.egg/mako/runtime.py", line 799, in _render_context
_exec_template(inherit, lclcontext, args=args, kwargs=kwargs)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/Mako-0.7.3-py3.3.egg/mako/runtime.py", line 825, in _exec_template
callable_(context, *args, **kwargs)
File "pyramid_debugtoolbar_templates_toolbar_dbtmako", line 111, in render_body
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid_debugtoolbar-1.0.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid_debugtoolbar/panels/request_vars.py", line 42, in content
if hasattr(self.request, 'session'):
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid-1.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid/decorator.py", line 39, in __get__
val = self.wrapped(inst)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid-1.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid/request.py", line 350, in session
return factory(self)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid-1.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid/session.py", line 204, in __init__
value = signed_deserialize(cookieval, self._secret)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid-1.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid/session.py", line 82, in signed_deserialize
return pickle.loads(pickled)
ImportError: No module named 'pyramidapp.models.auth_models'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/waitress-0.8.2-py3.3.egg/waitress/channel.py", line 329, in service
task.service()
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/waitress-0.8.2-py3.3.egg/waitress/task.py", line 173, in service
self.execute()
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/waitress-0.8.2-py3.3.egg/waitress/task.py", line 380, in execute
app_iter = self.channel.server.application(env, start_response)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid-1.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid/router.py", line 251, in __call__
response = self.invoke_subrequest(request, use_tweens=True)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid-1.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid/router.py", line 227, in invoke_subrequest
response = handle_request(request)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid_debugtoolbar-1.0.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid_debugtoolbar/toolbar.py", line 135, in toolbar_tween
toolbar.process_response(response)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid_debugtoolbar-1.0.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid_debugtoolbar/toolbar.py", line 56, in process_response
vars, request=request)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid-1.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid/renderers.py", line 88, in render
return helper.render(value, None, request=request)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid-1.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid/renderers.py", line 557, in render
result = renderer(value, system_values)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid-1.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid/mako_templating.py", line 219, in __call__
reraise(MakoRenderingException(errtext), None, exc_info[2])
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid-1.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid/compat.py", line 131, in reraise
raise value.with_traceback(tb)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid-1.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid/mako_templating.py", line 211, in __call__
result = template.render_unicode(**system)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/Mako-0.7.3-py3.3.egg/mako/template.py", line 421, in render_unicode
as_unicode=True)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/Mako-0.7.3-py3.3.egg/mako/runtime.py", line 767, in _render
**_kwargs_for_callable(callable_, data))
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/Mako-0.7.3-py3.3.egg/mako/runtime.py", line 799, in _render_context
_exec_template(inherit, lclcontext, args=args, kwargs=kwargs)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/Mako-0.7.3-py3.3.egg/mako/runtime.py", line 825, in _exec_template
callable_(context, *args, **kwargs)
File "pyramid_debugtoolbar_templates_toolbar_dbtmako", line 111, in render_body
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid_debugtoolbar-1.0.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid_debugtoolbar/panels/request_vars.py", line 42, in content
if hasattr(self.request, 'session'):
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid-1.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid/decorator.py", line 39, in __get__
val = self.wrapped(inst)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid-1.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid/request.py", line 350, in session
return factory(self)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid-1.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid/session.py", line 204, in __init__
value = signed_deserialize(cookieval, self._secret)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid-1.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid/session.py", line 82, in signed_deserialize
return pickle.loads(pickled)
pyramid.mako_templating.MakoRenderingException: 

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid-1.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid/mako_templating.py", line 211, in __call__
result = template.render_unicode(**system)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/Mako-0.7.3-py3.3.egg/mako/template.py", line 421, in render_unicode
as_unicode=True)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/Mako-0.7.3-py3.3.egg/mako/runtime.py", line 767, in _render
**_kwargs_for_callable(callable_, data))
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/Mako-0.7.3-py3.3.egg/mako/runtime.py", line 799, in _render_context
_exec_template(inherit, lclcontext, args=args, kwargs=kwargs)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/Mako-0.7.3-py3.3.egg/mako/runtime.py", line 825, in _exec_template
callable_(context, *args, **kwargs)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid_debugtoolbar-1.0.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid_debugtoolbar/templates/toolbar.dbtmako", line 60, in render_body
${panel.content()|n}
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid_debugtoolbar-1.0.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid_debugtoolbar/panels/request_vars.py", line 42, in content
if hasattr(self.request, 'session'):
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid-1.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid/decorator.py", line 39, in __get__
val = self.wrapped(inst)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid-1.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid/request.py", line 350, in session
return factory(self)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid-1.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid/session.py", line 204, in __init__
value = signed_deserialize(cookieval, self._secret)
File "/home/sheena/WORK/mega-3.3/lib/python3.3/site-packages/pyramid-1.4-py3.3.egg/pyramid/session.py", line 82, in signed_deserialize
return pickle.loads(pickled)
ImportError: No module named 'pyramidapp.models.auth_models'

Answer 1

您已将一些模型实例存储在 session cookie 中，该 cookie 使用 pickle 来序列化和反序列化该数据。

由于您将模型移至另一个模块，pickle 无法再加载 session 数据。

你可以做两件事:

• 如果您不关心 session 数据，只需删除 session cookie 即可。使用您的浏览器工具手动删除 cookie，也许删除您网站的所有 cookie。

• 在旧位置为模型创建别名。创建一个pyramidapp.models.auth_models 模块，该模块仅导入使用的模型。该模块不需要由其他任何东西导入，pickle 会在需要时为您加载它。

任何 future 的 session 都将使用模型的新位置创建，这仅影响旧的 session 数据。