ruby-on-rails - 解决 Active record 夹具格式错误

Question

我正在尝试测试我的应用程序，但不断收到以下错误:

Error:
    ContractsControllerTest#test_should_get_show:
    ActiveRecord::Fixture::FormatError: ActiveRecord::Fixture::FormatError

Error:
    ContractsControllerTest#test_should_get_show:
    NoMethodError: undefined method `each' for nil:NilClass

下面是我的合约 Controller 上的代码，我在所有 Controller 上都有类似的代码。

    def index
      @contract = Contract.all.paginate(page: params[:page], :per_page => 70) 
    end


    def show
      @contract = Contract.find(params[:id])

    end



    def new
       @contract = Contract.new
    end


    def create
         @contract = Contract.new(located)
        if  @contract.save
            flash[:success] = "A record has been successfully added"
        redirect_to contracts_path
        else
          render 'new'
        end
    end



    def located
       params.require(:contract).permit(:contract_name, :contract_status, :services_rendered, :contract_value, :award_year)
    end


       # editing  a record in the contract from cotract table 
     def edit
        @contract = Contract.find(params[:id])
     end





      def update
        @contract = Contract.find(params[:id])
        if @contract.update_attributes(located)
           flash[:success] = "Contract form updated"
           redirect_to contracts_path
        else
           render'edit'
        end
      end



    def destroy
        Contract.find(params[:id]).destroy
        flash[:success] = "A record has been successfully deleted"
        redirect_to contracts_path
    end

下面是我运行命令rails db:fixtures:load --trace 时错误的完整跟踪

rails aborted!
ActiveRecord::Fixture::FormatError: ActiveRecord::Fixture::FormatError
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-      
5.0.5/lib/active_record/fixture_set/file.rb:72:in `validate'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-  
5.0.5/lib/active_record/fixture_set/file.rb:49:in `raw_rows'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-    
5.0.5/lib/active_record/fixture_set/file.rb:37:in `config_row'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-
5.0.5/lib/active_record/fixture_set/file.rb:27:in `model_class'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-
5.0.5/lib/active_record/fixtures.rb:791:in `block (2 levels) in    
read_fixture_files'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-   
5.0.5/lib/active_record/fixture_set/file.rb:15:in `open'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-   
5.0.5/lib/active_record/fixtures.rb:790:in `block in read_fixture_files'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord- 
5.0.5/lib/active_record/fixtures.rb:789:in `each'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-
5.0.5/lib/active_record/fixtures.rb:789:in `each_with_object'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-
5.0.5/lib/active_record/fixtures.rb:789:in `read_fixture_files'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-   
5.0.5/lib/active_record/fixtures.rb:598:in `initialize'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-
5.0.5/lib/active_record/fixtures.rb:529:in `new'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-   
5.0.5/lib/active_record/fixtures.rb:529:in `block (2 levels) in     
create_fixtures'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-  
5.0.5/lib/active_record/fixtures.rb:526:in `map'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-
5.0.5/lib/active_record/fixtures.rb:526:in `block in create_fixtures'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-
 5.0.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/referential_integrity.rb:    22:in `disable_referential_integrity'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-
5.0.5/lib/active_record/fixtures.rb:523:in `create_fixtures'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord- 
5.0.5/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:207:in `block (3 levels) in   
<top        (required)>'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/railties-
5.0.5/lib/rails/commands/rake_proxy.rb:14:in `block in run_rake_task'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/railties-
5.0.5/lib/rails/commands/rake_proxy.rb:11:in `run_rake_task'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/railties- 
5.0.5/lib/rails/commands/commands_tasks.rb:51:in `run_command!'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/railties-
5.0.5/lib/rails/commands.rb:18:in `<top (required)>'
/home/ubuntu/workspace/final_project/bin/rails:9:in `require'
/home/ubuntu/workspace/final_project/bin/rails:9:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/spring- 
2.0.2/lib/spring/client/rails.rb:28:in `load'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/spring-
2.0.2/lib/spring/client/rails.rb:28:in `call'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/spring-
2.0.2/lib/spring/client/command.rb:7:in `call'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/client.rb:30:in    
`run'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/spring-2.0.2/bin/spring:49:in `<top 
(required)>'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/spring-    
2.0.2/lib/spring/binstub.rb:31:in `load'
 /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/spring-
2.0.2/lib/spring/binstub.rb:31:in`<top (required)>'
/home/ubuntu/workspace/final_project/bin/spring:15:in `require'
/home/ubuntu/workspace/final_project/bin/spring:15:in `<top (required)>'
bin/rails:3:in `load'
bin/rails:3:in `<main>'
Tasks: TOP => db:fixtures:load
(See full trace by running task with --trace)

我的应用程序包含 12 个 Controller ，每个 Controller 都会出现相同的错误。另外，我的架构中有 10 个表，其中一些包含彼此的引用/关系。

我真的不知道出了什么问题，我已经为这个问题苦苦挣扎了大约四天。如果有人可以帮助我提供任何可以帮助我追踪错误根源的代码或信息，我将不胜感激。如果您能提供有关我应该将代码放置在何处以跟踪和解决此错误的信息，我也将不胜感激。

谢谢

Answer 1

测试/装置中的一个装置文件格式错误。该问题似乎并不存在于您的 Controller 或测试中，因为它们中的每一个都会发生这种情况。在每次测试之前，所有装置都会加载到测试数据库中，即使某些装置未用于当前测试。因此，如果这些文件之一存在错误，每次测试都会引发该错误。

根据line from the activerecord source这会在您提供的堆栈跟踪顶部引发错误，ActiveRecord 期望 YAML 固定文件中的每个条目都是引用哈希的键。

装置中的每个条目都应代表一个模型实例。顶级键用作引用该实例的名称(在为新模型生成夹具模板时，rails 通常将它们命名为 one 和 two)。下面是一个示例 YAML 固定装置，其中包含一个好的条目和一些不同类型的坏条目。

# This will produce a hash associated to key :hash_entry.
# This is the correct type of entry, all others that follow are incorrect for rails fixtures.
hash_entry:
  key1: value1
  key2: value2

# This will produce the string "not a hash" associated to key :string_entry
string_entry: not a hash

# This will produce the array ["also", "not","a","hash"] associated to key :array_entry
array_entry:
  - also
  - not
  - a
  - hash

# This will produce nil associated to key :nil_entry
nil_entry: 

您需要检查 test/fixtures 中的灯具文件，并查找任何格式错误的文件，如上所述。这是一个 rake 任务，它将帮助您识别哪些文件和条目需要更正。首先运行rails g taskfixtures check_format，并将此代码放入lib/tasks/fixtures.rake生成的rake文件中。

namespace :fixtures do
  desc "Looks for bad fixture files"
  task check_format: :environment do
    fixtures_dir = Rails.root.join("test", "fixtures")
    fixture_files = Pathname.glob("#{fixtures_dir}/**/*.yml")

    fixture_files.each do |file|
        fixture = YAML.load(IO.read(file))

        fixture.each_pair do |name, entry|
            puts "Bad fixture entry #{name}: #{entry.inspect} in fixture #{file}" unless entry.is_a? Hash
        end
    end
  end
end

然后运行railsfixtures:check_format，有问题的文件和条目将在命令行上打印出来，供您查找和更正。