Spring Boot Controller 测试: mocking service requiring downstream objects causing ApplicationContext to not load

Question

我正在尝试使用 Mock 来运行 Controller 级 Spring Boot 单元测试来实现我的服务层依赖项。但是，此模拟需要使用 EntityManager 对象的下游存储库依赖项，这导致我的测试在加载 ApplicationContext 时失败。

我的测试不涉及存储库依赖项或EntityManager，它使用模拟服务对象返回预设响应。如果我只想模拟服务层对象，为什么 Spring 会提示 repo/EntityManager ？

Controller 单元测试代码:

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest
@AutoConfigureWebClient
public class MobileWearControllerTest {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @MockBean
    UserDeviceService userDeviceService;

    //.....
}

UserDeviceService代码:

@Service
public class UserDeviceService {

    private UserDeviceRepository userDeviceRepository;

    public UserDeviceService(UserDeviceRepository userDeviceRepository) {
        this.userDeviceRepository = userDeviceRepository;
    }

    //....
}

UserDeviceRepository 代码:

@Repository
public class UserDeviceRepositoryImpl implements UserDeviceRepositoryCustom {

    @PersistenceContext
    private EntityManager em;

    //....
}

期待测试运行。

实际结果是获取以下堆栈跟踪:

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
...
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'userDeviceRepositoryImpl': Injection of persistence dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory' available
...
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory' available
...

Answer 1

我的问题是我用于测试的注释。

使用@AutoConfigureWebClient尝试支持整个Spring上下文；因为我正在对我的 Controller 进行单元测试，所以我只想测试 Web 层并模拟下游依赖项(即 UserDeviceService)。因此，我应该改用 @SpringBootTest 和 @AutoConfigureMockMvc，这将为 Controller 层设置 Spring 上下文。

使用这种方法，我能够成功模拟 UserDeviceService，从而允许我的测试编译和运行:

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class MobileWearControllerTest {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @MockBean
    UserDeviceService userDeviceService;

    //...
}