我一直在尝试使用 Tkinter 和 python3 制作交互式元素周期表。但是，在运行代码时，除了空白的 tkinter 窗口之外，我没有得到任何输出。谁能在下面附加的代码中指出为什么按钮不被渲染？代码借用自 ( https://gist.github.com/slabach/11197977 )
import tkinter as tk
# Creates and Initiates class 'App'
class App(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, *args, **kwargs):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent, *args, **kwargs)
self.parent = parent
self.winfo_toplevel().title("Periodic Table of the Elements")
self.topLabel = tk.Label(self, text="Click the element you would like information about.", font=20)
self.topLabel.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=18)
# Names of tk.Buttons in column 1
column1 = [
('H', 'Hydrogen', 'Atomic # = 1\nAtomic Weight =1.01\nState = Gas\nCategory = Alkali Metals'),
('Li', 'Lithium', 'Atomic # = 3\nAtomic Weight = 6.94\nState = Solid\nCategory = Alkali Metals'),
('Na', 'Sodium', 'Atomic # = 11\nAtomic Weight = 22.99\nState = Solid\nCategory = Alkali Metals'),
('K', 'Potassium', 'Atomic # = 19\nAtomic Weight = 39.10\nState = Solid\nCategory = Alkali Metals'),
('Rb', 'Rubidium', 'Atomic # = 37\nAtomic Weight = 85.47\nState = Solid\nCategory = Alkali Metals'),
('Cs', 'Cesium', 'Atomic # = 55\nAtomic Weight = 132.91\nState = Solid\nCategory = Alkali Metals'),
('Fr', 'Francium', 'Atomic # = 87\nAtomic Weight = 223.00\nState = Solid\nCategory = Alkali Metals')]
# create all tk.Buttons with a loop
r = 1
c = 0
for b in column1:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="grey",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column2 = [
('Be', 'Beryllium', 'Atomic # = 4\nAtomic Weight = 9.01\nState = Solid\nCategory = Alkaline Earth Metals'),
('Mg', 'Magnesium', 'Atomic # = 12\nAtomic Weight = 24.31\nState = Solid\nCategory = Alkaline Earth Metal'),
('Ca', 'Calcium', 'Atomic # = 20\nAtomic Weight = 40.08\nState = Solid\nCategory = Alkaline Earth Metals'),
('Sr', 'Strontium', 'Atomic # = 38\nAtomic Weight = 87.62\nState = Solid\nCategory = Alkaline Earth Metal'),
('Ba', 'Barium', 'Atomic # = 56\nAtomic Weight = 137.33\nState = Solid\nCategory = Alkaline Earth Metals'),
('Ra', 'Radium', 'Atomic # = 88\nAtomic Weight = 226.03\nState = Solid\nCategory = Alkaline Earth Metals')]
r = 2
c = 1
for b in column2:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="light green",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column3 = [
('Sc', 'Scandium', 'Atomic # = 21\nAtomic Weight = 44.96\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Y', 'Yttrium', 'Atomic # = 39\nAtomic Weight = 88.91\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('La >|', 'Lanthanum', 'Atomic # = 57\nAtomic Weight = 138.91\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Ac >|', 'Actinium', 'Atomic # = 89\nAtomic Weight = 227.03\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals')]
r = 4
c = 2
for b in column3:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="light goldenrod",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column4 = [
('Ti', 'Titanium', 'Atomic # = 22\nAtomic Weight = 47.90\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Zr', 'Zirconium', 'Atomic # = 40\nAtomic Weight = 91.22\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Hf', 'Hanium', 'Atomic # = 72\nAtomic Weight = 178.49\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Rf', 'Rutherfordium', 'Atomic # = 104\nAtomic Weight = 261.00\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Tran Metal')]
r = 4
c = 3
for b in column4:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="light goldenrod",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 10:
r = 1
c += 1
column5 = [
('V', 'Vanadium', 'Atomic # = 23\nAtomic Weight = 50.94\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Nb', 'Niobium', 'Atomic # = 41\nAtomic Weight = 92.91\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Ta', 'Tantalum', 'Atomic # = 73\nAtomic Weight = 180.95\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Ha', 'Hahnium', 'Atomic # = 105\nAtomic Weight = 262.00\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Trans Metals')]
r = 4
c = 4
for b in column5:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5, height=2,
bg="light goldenrod",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 10:
r = 1
c += 1
column6 = [
('Cr', 'Chromium', 'Atomic # = 24\nAtomic Weight = 51.99\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Mo', 'Molybdenum', 'Atomic # = 42\nAtomic Weight = 95.94\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('W', 'Tungsten', 'Atomic # = 74\nAtomic Weight = 183.85\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Sg', 'Seaborgium', 'Atomic # = 106\nAtomic Weight = 266.00\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Trans Metals')]
r = 4
c = 5
for b in column6:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="light goldenrod",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column7 = [
('Mn', 'Manganese', 'Atomic # = 25\nAtomic Weight = 178.49\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Tc', 'Technetium', 'Atomic # = 43\nAtomic Weight = 178.49\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Re', 'Rhenium', 'Atomic # = 75\nAtomic Weight = 178.49\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Bh', 'Bohrium', 'Atomic # = 107\nAtomic Weight = 262.00\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Trans Metals')]
r = 4
c = 6
for b in column7:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="light goldenrod",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column8 = [
('Fe', 'Iron', 'Atomic # = 26\nAtomic Weight = 55.85\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Ru', 'Ruthenium', 'Atomic # = 44\nAtomic Weight = 101.07\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Os', 'Osmium', 'Atomic # = 76\nAtomic Weight = 190.20\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Hs', 'Hassium', 'Atomic # = 108\nAtomic Weight = 265.00\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Trans Metals')]
r = 4
c = 7
for b in column8:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="light goldenrod",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column9 = [
('Co', 'Cobalt', 'Atomic # = 27\nAtomic Weight = 58.93\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Rh', 'Rhodium', 'Atomic # = 45\nAtomic Weight = 102.91\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Ir', 'Iridium', 'Atomic # = 77\nAtomic Weight = 192.22\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Mt', 'Meitnerium', 'Atomic # = 109\nAtomic Weight = 266.00\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Trans Metals')]
r = 4
c = 8
for b in column9:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="light goldenrod",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column10 = [
('Ni', 'Nickle', 'Atomic # = 28\nAtomic Weight = 58.70\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Pd', 'Palladium', 'Atomic # = 46\nAtomic Weight = 106.40\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Pt', 'Platinum', 'Atomic # = 78\nAtomic Weight = 195.09\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals')]
r = 4
c = 9
for b in column10:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="light goldenrod",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column11 = [
('Cu', 'Copper', 'Atomic # = 29\nAtomic Weight = 63.55\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Ag', 'Silver', 'Atomic # = 47\nAtomic Weight = 107.97\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Au', 'Gold', 'Atomic # = 79\nAtomic Weight = 196.97\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals')]
r = 4
c = 10
for b in column11:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="light goldenrod",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column12 = [
('Zn', 'Zinc', 'Atomic # = 30\nAtomic Weight = 65.37\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Cd', 'Cadmium', 'Atomic # = 48\nAtomic Weight = 112.41\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Hg', 'Mercury', 'Atomic # = 80\nAtomic Weight = 200.59\nState = Liquid\nCategory = Trans Metals')]
r = 4
c = 11
for b in column12:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="light goldenrod",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column13_1 = [
('B', 'Boron', 'Atomic # = 5\nAtomic Weight = 10.81\nState = Solid\nCategory = Nonmetals')]
r = 2
c = 12
for b in column13_1:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="Light Blue",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column13_2 = [
('Al', 'Aluminum', 'Atomic # = 13\nAtomic Weight = 26.98\nState = Solid\nCategory = Other Metals'),
('Ga', 'Gallium', 'Atomic # = 31\nAtomic Weight = 69.72\nState = Solid\nCategory = Other Metals'),
('In', 'Indium', 'Atomic # = 49\nAtomic Weight = 69.72\nState = Solid\nCategory = Other Metals'),
('Ti', 'Thallium', 'Atomic # = 81\nAtomic Weight = 204.37\nState = Solid\nCategory = Other Metals')]
r = 3
c = 12
for b in column13_2:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="Light Pink",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column14_1 = [
('C', 'Carbon', 'Atomic # = 6\nAtomic Weight = 12.01\nState = Solid\nCategory = Nonmetals'),
('Si', 'Silicon', 'Atomic # = 14\nAtomic Weight = 28.09\nState = Solid\nCategory = Nonmetals')]
r = 2
c = 13
for b in column14_1:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="Light Blue",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column14_2 = [
('Ge', 'Germanium', 'Atomic # = 32\nAtomic Weight = 72.59\nState = Solid\nCategory = Other Metals'),
('Sn', 'Tin', 'Atomic # = 50\nAtomic Weight = 118.69\nState = Solid\nCategory = Other Metals'),
('Pb', 'Lead', 'Atomic # = 82\nAtomic Weight = 207.20\nState = Solid\nCategory = Other Metals')]
r = 4
c = 13
for b in column14_2:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="Light Pink",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column15_1 = [
('N', 'Nitrogen', 'Atomic # = 7\nAtomic Weight = 14.01\nState = Gas\nCategory = Nonmetals'),
('P', 'Phosphorus', 'Atomic # = 15\nAtomic Weight = 30.97\nState = Solid\nCategory = Nonmetals'),
('As', 'Arsenic', 'Atomic # = 33\nAtomic Weight = 74.92\nState = Solid\nCategory = Nonmetals')]
r = 2
c = 14
for b in column15_1:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="Light Blue",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column15_2 = [
('Sb', 'Antimony', 'Atomic # = 51\nAtomic Weight = 121.75\nState = Solid\nCategory = Other Metals'),
('Bi', 'Bismuth', 'Atomic # = 83\nAtomic Weight = 208.98\nState = Solid\nCategory = Other Metals')]
r = 5
c = 14
for b in column15_2:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="Light Pink",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column16_1 = [
('O', 'Oxygen', 'Atomic # = 8\nAtomic Weight = 15.99\nState = Gas\nCategory = Nonmetals'),
('S', 'Sulfur', 'Atomic # = 16\nAtomic Weight = 32.06\nState = Solid\nCategory = Nonmetals'),
('Se', 'Selenium', 'Atomic # = 34\nAtomic Weight = 78.96\nState = Solid\nCategory = Nonmetals'),
('Te', 'Tellurium', 'Atomic # = 52\nAtomic Weight = 127.60\nState = Solid\nCategory = Nonmetals')]
r = 2
c = 15
for b in column16_1:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="Light Blue",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column16_2 = [
('Po', 'Polonium', 'Atomic # = 84\nAtomic Weight = 209.00\nState = Solid\nCategory = Other Metals')]
r = 6
c = 15
for b in column16_2:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="Light Pink",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column17 = [
('F', 'Fluorine', 'Atomic # = 9\nAtomic Weight = 18.99\nState = Gas\nCategory = Nonmetals'),
('Cl', 'Chlorine', 'Atomic # = 17\nAtomic Weight = 35.45\nState = Gas\nCategory = Nonmetals'),
('Br', 'Bromine', 'Atomic # = 35\nAtomic Weight = 79.90\nState = Liquid\nCategory = Nonmetals'),
('I', 'Iodine', 'Atomic # = 53\nAtomic Weight = 126.90\nState = Solid\nCategory = Nonmetals'),
('At', 'Astatine', 'Atomic # = 85\nAtomic Weight = 210.00\nState = Solid\nCategory = Nonmetals')]
r = 2
c = 16
for b in column17:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="Light Blue",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column18 = [
('He', 'Helium', 'Atomic # = 2\nAtomic Weight = 4.00\nState = Gas\nCategory = Nobel Gases'),
('Ne', 'Neon', 'Atomic # = 10\nAtomic Weight = 20.18\nState = Gas\nCategory = Nobel Gases'),
('Ar', 'Argon', 'Atomic # = 18\nAtomic Weight = 39.95\nState = Gas\nCategory = Nobel Gases'),
('Kr', 'Krypton', 'Atomic # = 36\nAtomic Weight = 83.80\nState = Gas\nCategory = Nobel Gases'),
('Xe', 'Xenon', 'Atomic # = 54\nAtomic Weight = 131.30\nState = Gas\nCategory = Nobel Gases'),
('Rn', 'Radon', 'Atomic # = 86\nAtomic Weight = 222.00\nState = Gas\nCategory = Nobel Gases')]
r = 1
c = 17
for b in column18:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="indian red",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
self.fillerLine = tk.Label(self, text="")
self.fillerLine.grid(row=10, column=0)
lanthanide = [
('>| Ce', 'Cerium', 'Atomic # = 58\nAtomic Weight = 140.12\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Pr', 'Praseodymium', 'Atomic # = 59\nAtomic Weight = 140.91\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Nd', 'Neodymium', 'Atomic # = 60\nAtomic Weight = 144.24\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Pm', 'Promethium', 'Atomic # = 61\nAtomic Weight = 145.00\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Sm', 'Samarium', 'Atomic # = 62\nAtomic Weight = 150.40\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Eu', 'Europium', 'Atomic # = 63\nAtomic Weight = 151.96\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Gd', 'Gadolinium', 'Atomic # = 64\nAtomic Weight = 157.25\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Tb', 'Terbium', 'Atomic # = 65\nAtomic Weight = 158.93\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Dy', 'Dyprosium', 'Atomic # = 66\nAtomic Weight = 162.50\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Ho', 'Holmium', 'Atomic # = 67\nAtomic Weight = 164.93\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Er', 'Erbium', 'Atomic # = 68\nAtomic Weight = 167.26\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Tm', 'Thulium', 'Atomic # = 69\nAtomic Weight = 168.93\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Yb', 'Ytterbium', 'Atomic # = 70\nAtomic Weight = 173.04\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Lu', 'Lutetium', 'Atomic # = 71\nAtomic Weight = 174.97\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals')]
r = 11
c = 3
for b in lanthanide:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="light goldenrod",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
c += 1
if c > 18:
c = 1
r += 1
actinide = [
('>| Th', 'Thorium', 'Atomic # = 90\nAtomic Weight = 232.04\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Pa', 'Protactinium', 'Atomic # = 91\nAtomic Weight = 231.04\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('U', 'Uranium', 'Atomic # = 92\nAtomic Weight = 238.03\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Np', 'Neptunium', 'Atomic # = 93\nAtomic Weight = 237.05\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Pu', 'Plutonium', 'Atomic # = 94\nAtomic Weight = 244.00\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Am', 'Americium', 'Atomic # = 95\nAtomic Weight = 243.00\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Cm', 'Curium', 'Atomic # = 96\nAtomic Weight = 247\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Bk', 'Berkelium', 'Atomic # = 97\nAtomic Weight = 247\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Cf', 'Californium', 'Atomic # = 98\nAtomic Weight = 247\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Es', 'Einsteinium', 'Atomic # = 99\nAtomic Weight = 252.00\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Fm', 'Fermium', 'Atomic # = 100\nAtomic Weight = 257.00\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Md', 'Mendelevium', 'Atomic # = 101\nAtomic Weight = 260.00\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('No', 'Nobelium', 'Atomic # = 102\nAtomic Weight = 259\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Lr', 'Lawrencium', 'Atomic # = 103\nAtomic Weight = 262\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Trans Metals')]
r = 12
c = 3
for b in actinide:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="light goldenrod",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
c += 1
if c > 18:
c = 1
r += 1
reset = [
('Reset', 'Click the element you would like information about.', '')]
r = 12
c = 0
for b in reset:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="black",
fg="white",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
self.infoLine = tk.Label(self, text="", justify='left')
self.infoLine.grid(row=1, column=3, columnspan=10, rowspan=4)
self.mainloop()
# Replaces Label at the top with the name of whichever element tk.Button was pressed
def name(self, text):
self.topLabel.config(text=text)
# Displays information on the element of whichever element tk.Button was pressed
def info(self, text):
self.infoLine.config(text=text)
# Creates an instance of 'app' class
def main():
root = tk.Tk()
a = App(root)
a.mainloop()
# runs main function
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
最佳答案
此代码中有两个错误，具体针对您关于按钮小部件不出现的问题。
在第 522 行，您需要对应用进行网格化，即您需要添加
a.grid(row=0, column=0, Sticky='nsew')您需要注释掉第 507 行，即
#self.mainloop()。您只需使用 .mainloop() 一次。相反，您已经使用了两次。
此代码中似乎存在其他错误。我建议您一次添加一列按钮小部件以帮助您学习 tkinter。我在下面附上了更正后的代码。
import tkinter as tk
# Creates and Initiates class 'App'
class App(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, *args, **kwargs):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent, *args, **kwargs)
self.parent = parent
self.winfo_toplevel().title("Periodic Table of the Elements")
self.topLabel = tk.Label(self, text="Click the element you would like information about.", font=20)
self.topLabel.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=18)
# Names of tk.Buttons in column 1
column1 = [
('H', 'Hydrogen', 'Atomic # = 1\nAtomic Weight =1.01\nState = Gas\nCategory = Alkali Metals'),
('Li', 'Lithium', 'Atomic # = 3\nAtomic Weight = 6.94\nState = Solid\nCategory = Alkali Metals'),
('Na', 'Sodium', 'Atomic # = 11\nAtomic Weight = 22.99\nState = Solid\nCategory = Alkali Metals'),
('K', 'Potassium', 'Atomic # = 19\nAtomic Weight = 39.10\nState = Solid\nCategory = Alkali Metals'),
('Rb', 'Rubidium', 'Atomic # = 37\nAtomic Weight = 85.47\nState = Solid\nCategory = Alkali Metals'),
('Cs', 'Cesium', 'Atomic # = 55\nAtomic Weight = 132.91\nState = Solid\nCategory = Alkali Metals'),
('Fr', 'Francium', 'Atomic # = 87\nAtomic Weight = 223.00\nState = Solid\nCategory = Alkali Metals')]
# create all tk.Buttons with a loop
r = 1
c = 0
for b in column1:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="grey",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column2 = [
('Be', 'Beryllium', 'Atomic # = 4\nAtomic Weight = 9.01\nState = Solid\nCategory = Alkaline Earth Metals'),
('Mg', 'Magnesium', 'Atomic # = 12\nAtomic Weight = 24.31\nState = Solid\nCategory = Alkaline Earth Metal'),
('Ca', 'Calcium', 'Atomic # = 20\nAtomic Weight = 40.08\nState = Solid\nCategory = Alkaline Earth Metals'),
('Sr', 'Strontium', 'Atomic # = 38\nAtomic Weight = 87.62\nState = Solid\nCategory = Alkaline Earth Metal'),
('Ba', 'Barium', 'Atomic # = 56\nAtomic Weight = 137.33\nState = Solid\nCategory = Alkaline Earth Metals'),
('Ra', 'Radium', 'Atomic # = 88\nAtomic Weight = 226.03\nState = Solid\nCategory = Alkaline Earth Metals')]
r = 2
c = 1
for b in column2:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="light green",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column3 = [
('Sc', 'Scandium', 'Atomic # = 21\nAtomic Weight = 44.96\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Y', 'Yttrium', 'Atomic # = 39\nAtomic Weight = 88.91\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('La >|', 'Lanthanum', 'Atomic # = 57\nAtomic Weight = 138.91\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Ac >|', 'Actinium', 'Atomic # = 89\nAtomic Weight = 227.03\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals')]
r = 4
c = 2
for b in column3:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="light goldenrod",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column4 = [
('Ti', 'Titanium', 'Atomic # = 22\nAtomic Weight = 47.90\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Zr', 'Zirconium', 'Atomic # = 40\nAtomic Weight = 91.22\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Hf', 'Hanium', 'Atomic # = 72\nAtomic Weight = 178.49\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Rf', 'Rutherfordium', 'Atomic # = 104\nAtomic Weight = 261.00\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Tran Metal')]
r = 4
c = 3
for b in column4:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="light goldenrod",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 10:
r = 1
c += 1
column5 = [
('V', 'Vanadium', 'Atomic # = 23\nAtomic Weight = 50.94\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Nb', 'Niobium', 'Atomic # = 41\nAtomic Weight = 92.91\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Ta', 'Tantalum', 'Atomic # = 73\nAtomic Weight = 180.95\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Ha', 'Hahnium', 'Atomic # = 105\nAtomic Weight = 262.00\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Trans Metals')]
r = 4
c = 4
for b in column5:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5, height=2,
bg="light goldenrod",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 10:
r = 1
c += 1
column6 = [
('Cr', 'Chromium', 'Atomic # = 24\nAtomic Weight = 51.99\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Mo', 'Molybdenum', 'Atomic # = 42\nAtomic Weight = 95.94\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('W', 'Tungsten', 'Atomic # = 74\nAtomic Weight = 183.85\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Sg', 'Seaborgium', 'Atomic # = 106\nAtomic Weight = 266.00\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Trans Metals')]
r = 4
c = 5
for b in column6:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="light goldenrod",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column7 = [
('Mn', 'Manganese', 'Atomic # = 25\nAtomic Weight = 178.49\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Tc', 'Technetium', 'Atomic # = 43\nAtomic Weight = 178.49\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Re', 'Rhenium', 'Atomic # = 75\nAtomic Weight = 178.49\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Bh', 'Bohrium', 'Atomic # = 107\nAtomic Weight = 262.00\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Trans Metals')]
r = 4
c = 6
for b in column7:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="light goldenrod",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column8 = [
('Fe', 'Iron', 'Atomic # = 26\nAtomic Weight = 55.85\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Ru', 'Ruthenium', 'Atomic # = 44\nAtomic Weight = 101.07\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Os', 'Osmium', 'Atomic # = 76\nAtomic Weight = 190.20\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Hs', 'Hassium', 'Atomic # = 108\nAtomic Weight = 265.00\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Trans Metals')]
r = 4
c = 7
for b in column8:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="light goldenrod",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column9 = [
('Co', 'Cobalt', 'Atomic # = 27\nAtomic Weight = 58.93\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Rh', 'Rhodium', 'Atomic # = 45\nAtomic Weight = 102.91\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Ir', 'Iridium', 'Atomic # = 77\nAtomic Weight = 192.22\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Mt', 'Meitnerium', 'Atomic # = 109\nAtomic Weight = 266.00\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Trans Metals')]
r = 4
c = 8
for b in column9:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="light goldenrod",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column10 = [
('Ni', 'Nickle', 'Atomic # = 28\nAtomic Weight = 58.70\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Pd', 'Palladium', 'Atomic # = 46\nAtomic Weight = 106.40\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Pt', 'Platinum', 'Atomic # = 78\nAtomic Weight = 195.09\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals')]
r = 4
c = 9
for b in column10:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="light goldenrod",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column11 = [
('Cu', 'Copper', 'Atomic # = 29\nAtomic Weight = 63.55\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Ag', 'Silver', 'Atomic # = 47\nAtomic Weight = 107.97\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Au', 'Gold', 'Atomic # = 79\nAtomic Weight = 196.97\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals')]
r = 4
c = 10
for b in column11:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="light goldenrod",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column12 = [
('Zn', 'Zinc', 'Atomic # = 30\nAtomic Weight = 65.37\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Cd', 'Cadmium', 'Atomic # = 48\nAtomic Weight = 112.41\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Hg', 'Mercury', 'Atomic # = 80\nAtomic Weight = 200.59\nState = Liquid\nCategory = Trans Metals')]
r = 4
c = 11
for b in column12:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="light goldenrod",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column13_1 = [
('B', 'Boron', 'Atomic # = 5\nAtomic Weight = 10.81\nState = Solid\nCategory = Nonmetals')]
r = 2
c = 12
for b in column13_1:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="Light Blue",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column13_2 = [
('Al', 'Aluminum', 'Atomic # = 13\nAtomic Weight = 26.98\nState = Solid\nCategory = Other Metals'),
('Ga', 'Gallium', 'Atomic # = 31\nAtomic Weight = 69.72\nState = Solid\nCategory = Other Metals'),
('In', 'Indium', 'Atomic # = 49\nAtomic Weight = 69.72\nState = Solid\nCategory = Other Metals'),
('Ti', 'Thallium', 'Atomic # = 81\nAtomic Weight = 204.37\nState = Solid\nCategory = Other Metals')]
r = 3
c = 12
for b in column13_2:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="Light Pink",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column14_1 = [
('C', 'Carbon', 'Atomic # = 6\nAtomic Weight = 12.01\nState = Solid\nCategory = Nonmetals'),
('Si', 'Silicon', 'Atomic # = 14\nAtomic Weight = 28.09\nState = Solid\nCategory = Nonmetals')]
r = 2
c = 13
for b in column14_1:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="Light Blue",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column14_2 = [
('Ge', 'Germanium', 'Atomic # = 32\nAtomic Weight = 72.59\nState = Solid\nCategory = Other Metals'),
('Sn', 'Tin', 'Atomic # = 50\nAtomic Weight = 118.69\nState = Solid\nCategory = Other Metals'),
('Pb', 'Lead', 'Atomic # = 82\nAtomic Weight = 207.20\nState = Solid\nCategory = Other Metals')]
r = 4
c = 13
for b in column14_2:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="Light Pink",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column15_1 = [
('N', 'Nitrogen', 'Atomic # = 7\nAtomic Weight = 14.01\nState = Gas\nCategory = Nonmetals'),
('P', 'Phosphorus', 'Atomic # = 15\nAtomic Weight = 30.97\nState = Solid\nCategory = Nonmetals'),
('As', 'Arsenic', 'Atomic # = 33\nAtomic Weight = 74.92\nState = Solid\nCategory = Nonmetals')]
r = 2
c = 14
for b in column15_1:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="Light Blue",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column15_2 = [
('Sb', 'Antimony', 'Atomic # = 51\nAtomic Weight = 121.75\nState = Solid\nCategory = Other Metals'),
('Bi', 'Bismuth', 'Atomic # = 83\nAtomic Weight = 208.98\nState = Solid\nCategory = Other Metals')]
r = 5
c = 14
for b in column15_2:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="Light Pink",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column16_1 = [
('O', 'Oxygen', 'Atomic # = 8\nAtomic Weight = 15.99\nState = Gas\nCategory = Nonmetals'),
('S', 'Sulfur', 'Atomic # = 16\nAtomic Weight = 32.06\nState = Solid\nCategory = Nonmetals'),
('Se', 'Selenium', 'Atomic # = 34\nAtomic Weight = 78.96\nState = Solid\nCategory = Nonmetals'),
('Te', 'Tellurium', 'Atomic # = 52\nAtomic Weight = 127.60\nState = Solid\nCategory = Nonmetals')]
r = 2
c = 15
for b in column16_1:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="Light Blue",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column16_2 = [
('Po', 'Polonium', 'Atomic # = 84\nAtomic Weight = 209.00\nState = Solid\nCategory = Other Metals')]
r = 6
c = 15
for b in column16_2:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="Light Pink",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column17 = [
('F', 'Fluorine', 'Atomic # = 9\nAtomic Weight = 18.99\nState = Gas\nCategory = Nonmetals'),
('Cl', 'Chlorine', 'Atomic # = 17\nAtomic Weight = 35.45\nState = Gas\nCategory = Nonmetals'),
('Br', 'Bromine', 'Atomic # = 35\nAtomic Weight = 79.90\nState = Liquid\nCategory = Nonmetals'),
('I', 'Iodine', 'Atomic # = 53\nAtomic Weight = 126.90\nState = Solid\nCategory = Nonmetals'),
('At', 'Astatine', 'Atomic # = 85\nAtomic Weight = 210.00\nState = Solid\nCategory = Nonmetals')]
r = 2
c = 16
for b in column17:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="Light Blue",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
column18 = [
('He', 'Helium', 'Atomic # = 2\nAtomic Weight = 4.00\nState = Gas\nCategory = Nobel Gases'),
('Ne', 'Neon', 'Atomic # = 10\nAtomic Weight = 20.18\nState = Gas\nCategory = Nobel Gases'),
('Ar', 'Argon', 'Atomic # = 18\nAtomic Weight = 39.95\nState = Gas\nCategory = Nobel Gases'),
('Kr', 'Krypton', 'Atomic # = 36\nAtomic Weight = 83.80\nState = Gas\nCategory = Nobel Gases'),
('Xe', 'Xenon', 'Atomic # = 54\nAtomic Weight = 131.30\nState = Gas\nCategory = Nobel Gases'),
('Rn', 'Radon', 'Atomic # = 86\nAtomic Weight = 222.00\nState = Gas\nCategory = Nobel Gases')]
r = 1
c = 17
for b in column18:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="indian red",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
self.fillerLine = tk.Label(self, text="")
self.fillerLine.grid(row=10, column=0)
lanthanide = [
('>| Ce', 'Cerium', 'Atomic # = 58\nAtomic Weight = 140.12\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Pr', 'Praseodymium', 'Atomic # = 59\nAtomic Weight = 140.91\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Nd', 'Neodymium', 'Atomic # = 60\nAtomic Weight = 144.24\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Pm', 'Promethium', 'Atomic # = 61\nAtomic Weight = 145.00\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Sm', 'Samarium', 'Atomic # = 62\nAtomic Weight = 150.40\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Eu', 'Europium', 'Atomic # = 63\nAtomic Weight = 151.96\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Gd', 'Gadolinium', 'Atomic # = 64\nAtomic Weight = 157.25\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Tb', 'Terbium', 'Atomic # = 65\nAtomic Weight = 158.93\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Dy', 'Dyprosium', 'Atomic # = 66\nAtomic Weight = 162.50\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Ho', 'Holmium', 'Atomic # = 67\nAtomic Weight = 164.93\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Er', 'Erbium', 'Atomic # = 68\nAtomic Weight = 167.26\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Tm', 'Thulium', 'Atomic # = 69\nAtomic Weight = 168.93\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Yb', 'Ytterbium', 'Atomic # = 70\nAtomic Weight = 173.04\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Lu', 'Lutetium', 'Atomic # = 71\nAtomic Weight = 174.97\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals')]
r = 11
c = 3
for b in lanthanide:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="light goldenrod",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
c += 1
if c > 18:
c = 1
r += 1
actinide = [
('>| Th', 'Thorium', 'Atomic # = 90\nAtomic Weight = 232.04\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Pa', 'Protactinium', 'Atomic # = 91\nAtomic Weight = 231.04\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('U', 'Uranium', 'Atomic # = 92\nAtomic Weight = 238.03\nState = Solid\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Np', 'Neptunium', 'Atomic # = 93\nAtomic Weight = 237.05\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Pu', 'Plutonium', 'Atomic # = 94\nAtomic Weight = 244.00\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Am', 'Americium', 'Atomic # = 95\nAtomic Weight = 243.00\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Cm', 'Curium', 'Atomic # = 96\nAtomic Weight = 247\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Bk', 'Berkelium', 'Atomic # = 97\nAtomic Weight = 247\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Cf', 'Californium', 'Atomic # = 98\nAtomic Weight = 247\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Es', 'Einsteinium', 'Atomic # = 99\nAtomic Weight = 252.00\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Fm', 'Fermium', 'Atomic # = 100\nAtomic Weight = 257.00\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Md', 'Mendelevium', 'Atomic # = 101\nAtomic Weight = 260.00\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('No', 'Nobelium', 'Atomic # = 102\nAtomic Weight = 259\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Trans Metals'),
('Lr', 'Lawrencium', 'Atomic # = 103\nAtomic Weight = 262\nState = Synthetic\nCategory = Trans Metals')]
r = 12
c = 3
for b in actinide:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="light goldenrod",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
c += 1
if c > 18:
c = 1
r += 1
reset = [
('Reset', 'Click the element you would like information about.', '')]
r = 12
c = 0
for b in reset:
tk.Button(self,
text=b[0],
width=5,
height=2,
bg="black",
fg="white",
command=lambda text=b: self.name(text[1]) & self.info(text[2])).grid(row=r, column=c)
r += 1
if r > 7:
r = 1
c += 1
self.infoLine = tk.Label(self, text="", justify='left')
self.infoLine.grid(row=1, column=3, columnspan=10, rowspan=4)
#self.mainloop() #Comment or remove it
# Replaces Label at the top with the name of whichever element tk.Button was pressed
def name(self, text):
self.topLabel.config(text=text)
# Displays information on the element of whichever element tk.Button was pressed
def info(self, text):
self.infoLine.config(text=text)
# Creates an instance of 'app' class
def main():
root = tk.Tk()
a = App(root)
a.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky='nsew') #You forgot to grid your App
a.mainloop()
# runs main function
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
关于python - 使用 Tkinter 和 python 进行交互式元素周期表，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/60267444/