python - 如何在 Matplotlib 中将子图旋转 45 度？

Question

我正在尝试探索一个子图 2，其形状为旋转 45 度的正方形。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import colors
import numpy as np

data = np.random.rand(10, 10) * 20

# create discrete colormap
cmap = colors.ListedColormap(['red', 'blue','green'])
bounds = [0,5,10,15]
norm = colors.BoundaryNorm(bounds, cmap.N)

fig, ax= plt.subplots(1,2)

ax[0].imshow(data, cmap=cmap, norm=norm)

# draw gridlines
ax[0].grid(which='major', axis='both', linestyle='-', color='k', linewidth=0)
ax[0].set_xticks(np.arange(-.5, 10, 1));
ax[0].set_yticks(np.arange(-.5, 10, 1));


ax[1].imshow(data, cmap=cmap, norm=norm)

# draw gridlines
ax[1].grid(which='major', axis='both', linestyle='-', color='k', linewidth=0)
ax[1].set_xticks(np.arange(-.5, 10, 1));
ax[1].set_yticks(np.arange(-.5, 10, 1));

plt.show()

实际结果是:-

我想将单个图旋转 45 度。像这样的东西:-

我正在尝试在 Matplotlib 文档中查找。还是没有得到。有什么帮助吗？

请注意，这不是重复的

Is there a way to rotate a matplotlib plot by 45 degrees?

上述 URL 用于绘图。解决办法是旋转IMAGE。然而，这与次要情节有关。我想旋转绘图而不是整个图像。

Answer 1

基于此link和有关 floating_axes 的文档，你可以尝试这样的事情:

from mpl_toolkits.axisartist.grid_finder import DictFormatter
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.transforms import Affine2D
import mpl_toolkits.axisartist.floating_axes as floating_axes
from matplotlib import colors
import numpy as np

def setup_axes1(fig, rect, angle):
    tr = Affine2D().scale(2, 2).rotate_deg(angle)

    #We create dictionarys to keep the xticks and yticks after the rotation
    dictio={i:str(val) for i,val in enumerate(np.arange(-.5, 10, 1).tolist())}
    reversedictio={i:dictio[val] for i,val in enumerate(list(reversed(sorted(dictio.keys()))))}
    grid_helper = floating_axes.GridHelperCurveLinear(
        tr, extremes=(-0.5, 9.5,-0.5, 9.5), tick_formatter1= DictFormatter(dictio),
        tick_formatter2=DictFormatter(reversedictio))

    ax1 = floating_axes.FloatingSubplot(fig, rect, grid_helper=grid_helper)


    fig.add_subplot(ax1) 
    aux_ax = ax1.get_aux_axes(tr)
    grid_helper.grid_finder.grid_locator1._nbins = 10    #Number of rows
    grid_helper.grid_finder.grid_locator2._nbins = 10    #Number of columns
    return aux_ax

fig1, axes=plt.subplots(2,figsize=(20,20))
plt.rcParams.update({'font.size': 27})

#We erase the first previous axes
fig1.delaxes(axes[0])
fig1.delaxes(axes[1])

data = np.random.rand(10, 10) * 20

#We create the floating_axes
ax0 = setup_axes1(fig1, 121,-45)
ax1 = setup_axes1(fig1, 122,-45)
# create discrete colormap
cmap = colors.ListedColormap(['red', 'blue','green'])
bounds = [0,5,10,15]
norm = colors.BoundaryNorm(bounds, cmap.N)

ax0.imshow(data, cmap=cmap, norm=norm,interpolation="nearest")
# draw gridlines
ax0.grid(which='major', axis='both', linestyle='-', color='k', linewidth=0)

ax1.imshow(data, cmap=cmap, norm=norm,interpolation="nearest")  
# draw gridlines
ax1.grid(which='major', axis='both', linestyle='-', color='k', linewidth=0)    

plt.show()

输出:

或者，作为另一种选择，我找到了一种“棘手”的方法来做到这一点，它是关于捕获缓冲区中的数字，将它们旋转-45度，然后将它们合并成一个图像，因为你有相同的两张图片，您可以尝试这样的操作:

import matplotlib
import io
from PIL import Image
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import colors
import numpy as np



##PLOTING THE FIGURE##

data = np.random.rand(10, 10) * 20

# create discrete colormap
cmap = colors.ListedColormap(['red', 'blue','green'])
bounds = [0,5,10,15]
norm = colors.BoundaryNorm(bounds, cmap.N)

#We change style values to get the image with better quality

plt.rcParams.update({'font.size': 46})
plt.figure(figsize=(20,20))
plt.imshow(data, cmap=cmap, norm=norm)

# draw gridlines
plt.grid(which='major', axis='both', linestyle='-', color='k', linewidth=0)
plt.gca().set_xticks(np.arange(-.5, 10, 1));
plt.gca().set_yticks(np.arange(-.5, 10, 1));


##SAVING THE FIGURE INTO AN IMAGE##

#We save the current figure as a Image
buf = io.BytesIO()
plt.savefig(buf, format='png',bbox_inches='tight')
buf.seek(0)
im = Image.open(buf)  #We open the current image saved in the buffer

#We rotate the image and fill the background with white
img_01=im.rotate(-45, Image.NEAREST, expand = 1, fillcolor = (255,255,255))


buf.close()


##MERGING THE TWO FIGURES##

new_im = Image.new('RGB', (2*img_01.size[0]+20,img_01.size[1]), 'white')
mouse_mask = img_01.convert('RGBA')
new_im.paste(img_01, (0,0))
new_im.paste(img_01, (img_01.size[0]+8,0))
new_im.save("merged_images.png", 'PNG') #Important(just to clarify): save the image, since the buffer is renewed every time you run the script
new_im.show()

输出:

我通过这些链接帮助自己:

• How-to-merge-images-with-same-size-using-the-python-3-module-pillow
• how-to-save-a-pylab-figure-into-in-memory-file-which-can-be-read-into-pil-image
• python-pillow-rotate-image-90-180-270-degrees
• specify-image-filling-color-when-rotating-in-python-with-pil-and-setting-expand