python - 将 numpy 数组发送到 Bokeh 回调以作为音频播放

Question

我目前正在尝试编写一个脚本来在 Bokeh 中显示(多 channel )音频的频谱图。由于我正在对音频进行一些处理，因此我无法轻松地将它们另存为计算机上的文件，因此我尝试保留在 Python 中。

这个想法是创建一个图，其中每列对应一个音频样本，每行对应一个 channel 。

现在我希望能够在单击子图时收听相应的音频。 我已经成功地完成了显示频谱图的非交互部分，编写了一个回调来播放音频，并将其应用于每个回调。

这是代码的最小工作示例:

import numpy as np
from bokeh.plotting import figure, output_file, show
from bokeh.models import ColumnDataSource, CustomJS
from bokeh.palettes import Viridis256
from bokeh.layouts import gridplot


def bokeh_subplots(specs, wavs):
    channels = max([s.shape[0] for s in specs])

    def inner(p, s, w):
        # p is the plot, s is the spectrogram, and w is the numpy array representing the sound
        source = ColumnDataSource(data=dict(raw=w))
        callback = CustomJS(args=dict(source=source),
                            code =
                            """
                            function typedArrayToURL(typedArray, mimeType) {
                                return URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([typedArray.buffer], {type: mimeType}))
                            }

                            const bytes = new Float32Array(source.data['raw'].length);

                            for(let i = 0; i < source.data['raw'].length; i++) {
                                bytes[i] = source.data['raw'][i];
                            }

                            const url = typedArrayToURL(bytes, 'audio/wave');

                            var audio = new Audio(url);
                            audio.src = url;
                            audio.load();
                            audio.play();
                            """ % w)
        # we plot the actual spectrogram here, which works fine
        p.image([s], x=0, y=0, dw=s.shape[1], dh=s.shape[0], palette = Viridis256)
        # then we add the callback to be triggered on a click within the plot
        p.js_on_event('tap', callback)
        return p
    
    # children will contain the plots in the form of a list of list
    children = []
    for s, w in zip(specs, wavs):
        # initialise the plots for each channel of a spectrogram, missing channels will be left blank
        glyphs = [None] * channels
        for i in range(s.shape[0]):
            # apply the function above to create the plots
            glyphs[i] = inner(figure(x_range=(0, s[i].shape[1]), y_range=(0, s[i].shape[0])),
                              s[i], w[i])
        children.append(glyphs)

    # finally, create the grid of plots and display
    grid = gridplot(children=children, plot_width=250, plot_height=250)
    show(grid)

# Generate some random data for illustration
random_specs = [np.random.uniform(size=(4, 80, 800)), np.random.uniform(size=(2, 80, 750))]
random_wavs = [np.random.uniform(low=-1, high=1, size=(4, 96*800)), np.random.uniform(low=-1, high=1, size=(2, 96*750))]

# This creates a plot with 2 rows and 4 columns
bokeh_subplots(specs=random_specs, wavs=random_wavs)

我基本上复制了this page编写回调，但不幸的是，它似乎不适合我的用例，因为当我运行脚本时，绘图正确生成，但音频无法播放。 我还尝试在将数组编码为 base64 后创建一个数据 URI，如 here和 here ，结果相同。 当尝试使用更简单的回调提供本地文件的路径时，它工作正常

callback = CustomJS(code = """var audio = new Audio("path/to/my/file.wav");
                              audio.play();
                           """)

这可以工作，但对于我的目的来说不够灵活(因为我要么需要为每个 channel 保存单独的文件，要么必须完全放弃选择 channel )。

我对 JavaScript 和 Bokeh 都非常陌生，所以我对这里的问题有点茫然。从上面的页面来看，我认为这与我向回调提供数组的方式有关，但我不知道如何修复它。 (就此而言，我不知道按元素填充“字节”数组是否是一种有效的方法，但现在我决定让脚本工作。)

有人对这里发生的事情有任何指示吗？

Answer 1

因此，在检查了 JavaScript 中的更多内容后，我最终选择了另一条回调路线，即 here ，最终只需要进行最小的修改即可工作。 搜索的力量...

这不一定是最有效的方法，但它确实有效，现在对我来说已经足够了。

我在这里发布了完整的功能，以防有人遇到它。代码应该按原样工作，我留下了一些注释来解释什么会发生在哪里。

import itertools
from bokeh.plotting import figure, show
from bokeh.models import ColumnDataSource, CustomJS
from bokeh.palettes import Viridis256
from bokeh.layouts import gridplot

def bokeh_subplots(specs,           # spectrograms to plot. List of numpy arrays of shape (channels, time, frequency). Heterogenous number of channels (e.g. one with 2, another with 4 channels) are handled by leaving blank spaces where required
                   wavs,            # sounds you want to play, there should be a 1-1 correspondence with specs. List of numpy arrays (tested with float32 values) of shape (channels, samples)
                   sr=48000,        # sampling rate in Hz
                   hideaxes=True,   # If True, the axes will be suppressed
                   ):
    # not really required, but helps with setting the number of rows of the final plot
    channels = max([s.shape[0] for s in specs])

    def inner(p, s, w):
        # this inner function is just for (slight) convenience
        source = ColumnDataSource(data=dict(raw=w))
        callback = CustomJS(args=dict(source=source),
                            code=
                            """
                            var audioCtx = new (window.AudioContext || window.webkitAudioContext)();
                            var myArrayBuffer = audioCtx.createBuffer(1, source.data['raw'].length, %d);

                            for (var channel = 0; channel < myArrayBuffer.numberOfChannels; channel++) {
                                  var nowBuffering = myArrayBuffer.getChannelData(channel);
                                  for (var i = 0; i < myArrayBuffer.length; i++) {
                                        nowBuffering[i] = source.data['raw'][i];
                                    }
                                }

                            var source = audioCtx.createBufferSource();
                            // set the buffer in the AudioBufferSourceNode
                            source.buffer = myArrayBuffer;
                            // connect the AudioBufferSourceNode to the
                            // destination so we can hear the sound
                            source.connect(audioCtx.destination);
                            // start the source playing
                            source.start();
                            """ % sr)
                            # Just need to specify the sampling rate here
        p.image([s], x=0, y=0, dw=s.shape[1], dh=s.shape[0], palette=Viridis256)
        p.js_on_event('tap', callback)
        return p

    children = []
    for s, w in zip(specs, wavs):
        glyphs = [None] * channels
        for i in range(s.shape[0]):
            glyphs[i] = figure(x_range=(0, s[i].shape[1]), y_range=(0, s[i].shape[0]))
            if hideaxes:
                glyphs[i].axis.visible = False
            glyphs[i] = inner(glyphs[i], s[i], w[i])
        children.append(glyphs)

    # we transpose the list so that each column corresponds to one (multichannel) spectrogram and each row corresponds to a channel of it
    children = list(map(list, itertools.zip_longest(*children, fillvalue=None)))
    grid = gridplot(children=children, plot_width=100, plot_height=100)
    show(grid)