python - 在 M1 Mac 中安装 Tensorflow

Question

我遵循了本教程，https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ykCY_tJbhNw在Mac(M1处理器)中安装tensorflow。但是，当我导入tensrflow时，出现以下错误。有什么想法吗？

步骤包括，

• 正在安装brew(已经安装)
• 安装 conda(已安装)
• 安装 miniforge
• 从github页面下载tensorflow-macos
• conda 激活 mlEnv
• /Users/imantha/Software/tensorflow_macos/install_venv.sh -p
• 当提示输入路径时:/Users/imantha/Software/anaconda3/envs/mlEnv/
• 然后选择“yes”安装tensorflow
• tensorflow 已成功安装，当输入 conda list 时，会列出该软件包。

但是，当我在 shell 中启动 python session 并输入 import tensorflow as tf 时，出现以下错误

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/imantha/Software/anaconda3/envs/mlEnv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 64, in <module>
from tensorflow.python._pywrap_tensorflow_internal import *
ImportError: dlopen(/Users/imantha/Software/anaconda3/envs/mlEnv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/_pywrap_tensorflow_internal.so, 6): no suitable image found.  Did find:
/Users/imantha/Software/anaconda3/envs/mlEnv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/_pywrap_tensorflow_internal.so: mach-o, but wrong architecture
/Users/imantha/Software/anaconda3/envs/mlEnv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/_pywrap_tensorflow_internal.so: mach-o, but wrong architecture

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/Users/imantha/Software/anaconda3/envs/mlEnv/lib/python3.8/site- 
packages/tensorflow/__init__.py", line 41, in <module>
from tensorflow.python.tools import module_util as _module_util
File "/Users/imantha/Software/anaconda3/envs/mlEnv/lib/python3.8/site- 
packages/tensorflow/python/__init__.py", line 39, in <module>
from tensorflow.python import pywrap_tensorflow as _pywrap_tensorflow
File "/Users/imantha/Software/anaconda3/envs/mlEnv/lib/python3.8/site- 
packages/tensorflow/python/pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 83, in <module>
raise ImportError(msg)
ImportError: Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/imantha/Software/anaconda3/envs/mlEnv/lib/python3.8/site- 
packages/tensorflow/python/pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 64, in <module>
from tensorflow.python._pywrap_tensorflow_internal import *
ImportError: 
dlopen(/Users/imantha/Software/anaconda3/envs/mlEnv/lib/python3.8/site- 
packages/tensorflow/python/_pywrap_tensorflow_internal.so, 6): no suitable image 
found.  Did find:
/Users/imantha/Software/anaconda3/envs/mlEnv/lib/python3.8/site- 
packages/tensorflow/python/_pywrap_tensorflow_internal.so: mach-o, but wrong 
 architecture
/Users/imantha/Software/anaconda3/envs/mlEnv/lib/python3.8/site- 
packages/tensorflow/python/_pywrap_tensorflow_internal.so: mach-o, but wrong 
architecture


Failed to load the native TensorFlow runtime.

See https://www.tensorflow.org/install/errors

for some common reasons and solutions.  Include the entire stack trace
above this error message when asking for help.

Answer 1

要在 Macbook M1 芯片上安装 TensorFlow，需要做很多事情:

• 首先，安装Python 3.8.9 (这个版本我试过，其他版本不知道)

• 转到您的项目目录

• 通过运行 brew install hdf5 安装 hdf5如果您没有brew，可以在这里下载:https://brew.sh/

• 以上hdf5安装将吐出它的位置:使用它并运行: export HDF5_DIR=<hdf5_location>对于版本 1.13.0(我的情况)如下:

export HDF5_DIR=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/hdf5/1.13.0

• 使用 virtualenv venv 创建虚拟环境(选择任何创建虚拟环境的方法或者不创建虚拟环境都可以。要安装virtualenv，运行pip3 install virtualenv)
• (如果不使用虚拟环境则跳过此步)通过运行: source venv/bin/activate 激活虚拟环境
• 现在，我们已经具备了在配备 M1 芯片的 Mac 上安装 Tensorflow 所需的一切，包括 GPU 版本
• 要安装 Tensorflow 和相关库，请运行以下命令: (如果使用虚拟环境，请运行以下命令)

venv/bin/pip install --no-binary=h5py h5py
venv/bin/pip install tensorflow-macos
venv/bin/pip install tensorflow-metal

不使用虚拟环境，运行以下命令:

pip3 install --no-binary=h5py h5py
pip3 install tensorflow-macos
pip3 install tensorflow-metal

• 现在，您的 TensorFlow 安装已完成!
• 尝试一下:

import tensorflow as tf

print("TF version:", tf.__version__)
print("Number GPUs Available: ", len(tf.config.experimental.list_physical_devices('GPU')))
print("Number CPUs Available: ", len(tf.config.experimental.list_physical_devices('CPU')))