根据原始列名称重命名列 R

Question

我有一个与此类似的数据框:(事实上，for 循环中有 16 个)

head(data)
# A tibble: 1 x 4
    AAA   AAC    AB    AC
1    18    25    39     9
2    20    25    30     7

我想根据列的原始名称动态更改所有列名称，如下所示(我已尝试使用 str_glue，但出现错误):

### I have a for-loop: (NOT WORKING) (this is a part of the loop)

assign(str_glue("df_{str_sub(data[i], 23, - 5)}"),
           read.delim(data[i], sep = ",", header = T) %>% 
             mutate(ID = Participants,
             str_glue("New_{str_sub(data[i], 23, - 5)}_AAA") = AAA,
             str_glue("New_{str_sub(data[i], 23, - 5)}_AAB") = AAC,
             str_glue("New_{str_sub(data[i], 23, - 5)}_AB") = AB,
             str_glue("New_{str_sub(data[i], 23, - 5)}_AC") = AC) 

期望的输出:

### Note:
### depending on the index-i, 
### str_glue("New_{str_sub(data[i], 23, - 5)}_AAA") will get me either 50,100 or 150

### desired output for i = 1 
    New_50_AAA   New_50_AAC    New_50_AB    New_50_AC
1    18    25    39     9
2    20    25    30     7

我确信有一种优雅的方法可以做到这一点。我看过一些相关的帖子，但似乎没有一个对我有帮助。有任何想法吗？谢谢:)

PS:如果还有一种方法可以动态重复原始列的名称而不用 str_ 重复，那就完美了，它会节省我 4 行

编辑

整个循环如下所示:

“data”是 16 个 .txt 文件的列表，每个文件名为“xxxxxxxxx_xx_50.txt”、“xxxxxxxxx_xx_100.txt”(依此类推)

for (i in 1:length(data)) {
  
  if (grepl("xxxxxxxxx_x1_.txt$", data[i])) {
    
    assign(str_glue("df_narr{str_sub(data[i], 23, - 5)}"),
           read.delim(data[i], sep = ",", header = T) %>% 
           mutate(ID = Participants,
             str_glue("New_1{str_sub(data[i], 23, - 5)}_AAA") = AAA,
             str_glue("New_1{str_sub(data[i], 23, - 5)}_AAB") = AAC,
             str_glue("New_1{str_sub(data[i], 23, - 5)}_AB") = AB,
             str_glue("New_1{str_sub(data[i], 23, - 5)}_AC") = AC) %>%
             mutate_if(is.numeric, round, digits = 2)) 

} else if (grepl("xxxxxxxxx_x2_.txt$", data[i])) {

assign(str_glue("df_narr{str_sub(data[i], 23, - 5)}"),
           read.delim(data[i], sep = ",", header = T) %>% 
           mutate(ID = Participants,
             str_glue("New_2{str_sub(data[i], 23, - 5)}_AAA") = AAA,
             str_glue("New_2{str_sub(data[i], 23, - 5)}_AAB") = AAC,
             str_glue("New_2{str_sub(data[i], 23, - 5)}_AB") = AB,
             str_glue("New_2{str_sub(data[i], 23, - 5)}_AC") = AC) %>%
             mutate_if(is.numeric, round, digits = 2)) 
  }
}

Answer 1

最好将数据集保存在 list 中并重命名 - 使用 list.files 获取文件夹中的文件，然后提取数字 (文件 ('nm1') 中的 .txt 之前的\\d+ - 一位或多位数字)，循环遍历文件以及在 Map 中提取的名称，读取数据并通过粘贴“New_”、相应数字(“nm”)和原始列名称来修改列名称

files <- list.files(path = 'path/to/your/folder', pattern = "\\.txt$", 
     full.names = TRUE)
nm1 <- sub(".*_(\\d+)\\.txt", "\\1", basename(files))
lst1 <- Map(\(x, nm) {

        tmp <- read.table(x) 
        num_cols <- sapply(tmp, is.numeric)
        tmp[num_cols] <- lapply(tmp[num_cols], round, digits = 2)
        cols_to_rename <- names(tmp) != "Participants"
         names(tmp)[cols_to_rename] <- paste0("New_", nm, "_", 
               names(tmp)[cols_to_rename])
         names(tmp)[!cols_to_rename] <- "ID"
        tmp
    }, files, nm1)

---

或者使用tidyverse

library(dplyr)
library(readr)
library(purrr)
library(stringr)
lst2 <- imap(setNames(files, nm1), ~ {
      nm <- .y
      read_table(.x) %>%
       rename_with(~ str_c("New_", nm, "_", .x), -Participants) %>%
      mutate(across(where(is.numeric), round, digits = 2)) %>%
      rename(ID = Participants)
    })

---

或者在for循环中

# for storing the output from the `for` loop
lst3 <- vector('list', length(files))
# loop over the sequence of files
for(i in seq_along(files)) {
   tmp <- read.table(files[i])
   cols_to_rename <- names(tmp) != "Participants"
    names(tmp)[cols_to_rename] <- paste0("New_", nm1[i], "_", 
               names(tmp)[cols_to_rename]) 
    names(tmp)[!cols_to_rename] <- "ID"
   num_cols <- sapply(tmp, is.numeric)
   tmp[num_cols] <- lapply(tmp[num_cols], round, digits = 2)
   lst3[[i]] <- tmp
  }