python - 元素在 headless 模式下不可点击

Question

我的代码非常简单:单击 href 链接来下载文件。它工作正常，直到我添加 headless 参数，然后单击它不会执行任何操作。不确定这是 Selenium 问题还是 Chromedriver 问题？我在网上找到的解决方案都没有帮助，因此任何建议将不胜感激。这是我的代码:

import os
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options


class Scraper(object):

    def __init__(self, cursor):
        self.driver = None

    def create_driver(self):
        # Set up Headless Chrome
        chrome_options = Options()
        chrome_options.add_argument("--headless")
        chrome_options.add_argument("--no-sandbox")
        chrome_options.add_argument("--start-maximized")
        chrome_options.add_argument("--window-size=1920x1080")
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=os.path.abspath("path to chromedriver"),
                                   chrome_options=chrome_options)
        self.driver.maximize_window()

    def go_to_website(self):
        self.driver.get('https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/<a href="https://stackoverflow.com/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="3d5c5f4e7d13534e5b" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">[email protected]</a>/DetailsPage/6202.0Nov%202019?OpenDocument')
        link_to_click = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath("//a[contains(@href,'/log?openagent&6202012.xls&6202.0')]")
        link_to_click.click()

    def run(self):
        # set a new driver
        self.create_driver()
        self.go_to_website()

Answer 1

如果您的用例是单击文本为 的元素的 .xls 元素...表 12. 按性别、州和地区划分的劳动力状况 - 趋势、季节性调整和原来...您要为element_to_be_clickable()引发WebDriverWait，并且可以使用以下任一Locator Strategies :

• 使用CSS_SELECTOR:

  WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div#details tbody tr:nth-of-type(13) td>a>img"))).click()
  

• 使用XPATH:

  WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, "//tr[@class='listentry']/td[contains(., 'Labour force status by Sex, State and Territory - Trend, Seasonally adjusted and Original')]//following::td[1]/a/img"))).click()
  

• 注意:您必须添加以下导入:

  from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
  from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
  from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
  

---

更新

但是，通过定位器策略单击该元素可能无法启动下载。使用 google-chrome-headless 启动下载你必须通过execute_cdp_cmd()配置Page.setDownloadBehavior，你可以在Download file through Google Chrome in headless mode中找到详细的讨论。