java - 将 bean 注入(inject) WebMvc 测试的上下文中 : @AutoConfigureMockMvc cannot be used in combination with the @Component annotation @Configuration

Question

对于我的 Java Spring 测试，我决定伪造系统时钟以使测试更容易

我有一个继承公共(public)基类的测试bean

@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.MOCK)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc(print = MockMvcPrint.LOG_DEBUG)
@TestExecutionListeners(mergeMode = TestExecutionListeners.MergeMode.MERGE_WITH_DEFAULTS,
        value = {FlywayTestExecutionListener.class}
)
@FlywayTest
@Getter(AccessLevel.PROTECTED)
public abstract class AbstractMockMvcTest {}


@Configuration
@Sql(scripts = "classpath:..", executionPhase = Sql.ExecutionPhase.BEFORE_TEST_METHOD)
@Sql(scripts = "classpath:..", executionPhase = Sql.ExecutionPhase.AFTER_TEST_METHOD)
@WithMockUser(username = "junit", authorities = {}, roles = {})
class RolesControllerTest extends AbstractMockMvcTest {

    private final Instant fixedInstant = Instant.from(OffsetDateTime.of(2021, 6, 2, 15, 54, 0, 0, ZoneOffset.ofHours(2)));

    @Bean
    Clock fakeClock() {
        return Clock.fixed(fixedInstant, ZoneId.ofOffset("UTC", ZoneOffset.ofHours(2)));
    }

}


@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {

   
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }


    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(Clock.class)
    @Bean
    public Clock systemClock() {
        return Clock.systemUTC();
    }
}

这个想法是我的应用程序声明一个主时钟，每个需要访问时间的 bean 都使用它(例如 getClock().instant() 或 Instant.now (getClock()))。通过模拟时钟，我使测试变得更容易。

但我发现使用 Spring beans 比 Mockito 更自然。 Java Clock有正确模拟时钟的方法

Best practice for applications is to pass a Clock into any method that requires the current instant. A dependency injection framework is one way to achieve this:

public class MyBean {
    private Clock clock;  // dependency inject
    ...
    public void process(LocalDate eventDate) {
      if (eventDate.isBefore(LocalDate.now(clock)) {
        ...
      }
    }
  }
 

This approach allows an alternate clock, such as fixed or offset to be used during testing.

但是当我尝试运行测试时，我偶然发现了这一点

@AutoConfigureMockMvc cannot be used in combination with the @Component annotation @Configuration

在 Web MVC 测试中声明额外的主要 Bean 有什么聪明的想法吗？

Answer 1

设置静态内部@TestConfiguration定义 bean 的类:

// Remove the @Configuration annotation here
@Sql(scripts = "classpath:..", executionPhase = Sql.ExecutionPhase.BEFORE_TEST_METHOD)
@Sql(scripts = "classpath:..", executionPhase = Sql.ExecutionPhase.AFTER_TEST_METHOD)
@WithMockUser(username = "junit", authorities = {}, roles = {})
@ContextConfiguration(classes = RolesControllerTest.TestConfiguration.class) // Add a ContextConfiguration if the test configuration isn't automatically used.
class RolesControllerTest extends AbstractMockMvcTest {

    private final Instant fixedInstant = Instant.from(OffsetDateTime.of(2021, 6, 2, 15, 54, 0, 0, ZoneOffset.ofHours(2)));

    @TestConfiguration
    public static class TestConfig {

        @Bean
        Clock fakeClock() {
            return Clock.fixed(fixedInstant, ZoneId.ofOffset("UTC", ZoneOffset.ofHours(2)));
        }
    }
}

另一种方法是声明一个@MockBean私有(private)时钟并使用mockito返回固定时刻。