spring-boot - @WebMvcTest 需要模拟与测试无关的 bean

Question

我的应用程序有两个 Controller 。它们的结构如下所示:

@RestController
public class BooksController {
    private final DataService dataService;
    private final LibraryBookService libraryBookService;

    public BooksController(DataService dataService, LibraryBookService libraryBookService) {
        this.dataService = dataService;
        this.libraryBookService = libraryBookService;
    }

}

@RestController
public class UsersController {
    private final DataService dataService;

    public UsersController(DataService dataService) {
        this.dataService = dataService;
    }
}

DataService 和 LibraryBookService 都是 bean。它们彼此没有依赖关系。

我正在尝试为 UsersController 编写测试，并且我正在使用 @WebMvcTest。我有一个 DataService 的 @MockBean，这样我就可以模拟它的响应:

@WebMvcTest
class UsersControllerTest {

    @Autowired
    MockMvc mvc;

    @MockBean
    DataService dataService;

    @BeforeEach
    void resetMocks() {
        Mockito.reset(this.dataService);
    }
    // ...
}

但是，当我尝试运行此程序时，我收到一条“应用程序无法启动”消息和一条警告，指出 BooksController 无法正确自动连接其依赖项，堆栈跟踪指向:

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'booksController' defined in file [/path/to/my/project/target/classes/com/example/rest/BooksController.class]: Unsatisfied dependency expressed through constructor parameter 1; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.example.LibraryBookService' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {}
...
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.example.LibraryBookService' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {}

为什么我的 UserController 测试关心 BooksController 及其依赖项(或缺少依赖项)？我可以通过为 BooksController 添加 MockBean 来解决这个问题，如下所示:

@MockBean
BooksController ignored;

...但这似乎不太可持续。随着我添加越来越多的 Controller ，我将有越来越多的不相关的 beans 污染我的测试。

我是否缺少注释或配置？或者我完全滥用了@WebMvcTest？

Answer 1

尝试按如下方式指定被测 Controller :

@WebMvcTest(UsersController.class)

通过指定 none，您将告诉 Spring 所有 @Controller bean 都应添加到应用程序上下文中，从而导致您得到的 UnsatisfiedDependencyException 。