c++ - 如何让 gcc 打印所有链接的库？

Question

即使是最简单的“hello world”程序，也可以使用命令进行编译和链接

"gcc -o hello hello.c"

，必须有某个版本的标准 C 库链接到 hello.o 的构建目标。我正在寻找的正是那种在编译链接过程中由 gcc“ secret ”链接的库。

有什么办法吗？

Answer 1

$ gcc -o hello -Xlinker -v hello.c 
collect2 version 4.6.3 (x86-64 Linux/ELF)
/usr/bin/ld --sysroot=/ --build-id --no-add-needed --as-needed --eh-frame-hdr -m elf_x86_64 --hash-style=gnu -dynamic-linker /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 -z relro -o hello /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/crtbegin.o -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../../lib -L/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/lib/../lib -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib/../lib -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../.. -v /tmp/ccvjXRF7.o -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed -lc -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/crtend.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o
GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.22

-Xlinker --verbose 将提供更多信息，包括确切解析和包含哪些库。摘录:

attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/libgcc.so failed
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/libgcc.a succeeded
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/libgcc_s.so succeeded
-lgcc_s (/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/libgcc_s.so)
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/crtend.o succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/crtend.o
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o
ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 needed by /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
found ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 at /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2

要仅列出动态链接的库，请在生成的二进制文件上运行 ldd。

$ ldd hello
linux-vdso.so.1 =>  (0x00007fff68dad000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007fac49f46000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007fac4a323000)