我正在学习本教程:
http://v1k45.com/blog/modern-django-part-1-setting-up-django-and-react/
本教程介绍如何使用 webpack 设置 Django/React 应用程序。
在我的开发机器上一切正常，但我在远程服务器(Ubuntu 16.04.4)上的静态文件时遇到问题。
这些是我的问题:
1) 为什么我的开发版本要在本地主机中寻找静态文件？
2) 如果我使用 Nginx/Passenger 提供生产版本，则即使链接看起来正确，静态文件也不会加载到浏览器中。这是为什么？
编辑:我想我已经找到了设置 Passenger 的答案。即使 wsgi.py 加载应用程序，您也需要告诉 Nginx 静态文件所在的位置。我的工作/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/ponynote.conf:
server {
listen 80;
server_name 178.62.85.245;
passenger_python /var/www/ponynotetest/venv36/bin/python3.6;
# Tell Nginx and Passenger where your app's 'public' directory is
root /var/www/ponynotetest/ponynote/ponynote;
location /static/ {
autoindex on;
alias /var/www/ponynotetest/ponynote/assets/;
}
# Turn on Passenger
passenger_enabled on;
}
3) 我是否需要为生产配置 STATIC_ROOT 并运行collectstatic？
非常感谢您的帮助!
这里是更多信息和代码:
为了确保我没有犯任何拼写错误，我克隆了源代码，切换到分支“part-1”并遵循自述文件中的所有说明。
我将“xx.xx.xx.xx”添加到settings.py ALLOWED_HOSTS，其中xx.xx.xx.xx 是我的服务器的IP 地址。
我将“proxy”:“http://localhost:8000”添加到frontend/package.json。
1) 开发版本
我正在运行开发服务器:
./manage.py runserver xx.xx.xx.xx:8000
在前端文件夹中使用“npm run start”启动 webpack 服务器之前，我还运行了“npm run build”。
问题:当我在浏览器中导航到 xx.xx.xx.xx:8000 时，我看到一个空白页面。这是 HTML:
<html><head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">
<title>Ponynote</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="root">
</div>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://localhost:3000/static/js/bundle.js"></script>
</body></html>
在我看来，该页面似乎正在尝试在本地主机上查找bundle.js - 我认为它应该在服务器上的相对路径上查找。我想这就是为什么如果我在本地计算机上运行代码但在服务器上运行代码则不起作用的原因。
我在 Django 或 Webpack 中找不到将位置指定为 localhost 的内容。我是否缺少某个设置，或者由于某种原因这是不可能的？
2) Nginx/乘客
我已经按照说明安装了 Nginx 和 Passenger:
在 xx.xx.xx.xx，浏览器显示的内容看起来像是正确的 html，但文件并未加载。请参阅下面由 Nginx 提供的 html。请注意，静态链接显示正确的相对 URL，与在生产模式下运行 Django 服务器时完全相同，只是不在端口 8000 上，但文件本身并未加载。
/var/log/nginx/error.log 没有显示任何错误。
<html><head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">
<title>Ponynote</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="root">
</div>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/static/bundles/js/main.a416835a.js"></script>
<link type="text/css" href="/static/bundles/css/main.c17080f1.css" rel="stylesheet">
</body></html>
3) Django 服务器在生产模式下运行
如果我使用以下命令在生产模式下运行 Django 服务器:
./manage.py runserver --settings=ponynote.product_settings 178.62.85.245:8000
即使我没有运行collectstatic，该页面在浏览器中看起来也很好，地址为xx.xx.xx.xx:8000。本教程要求运行collectstatic，但如果您尝试以下操作，则会显示错误:“您正在使用 staticfiles 应用程序，但尚未将 STATIC_ROOT 设置设置为文件系统路径”。我不知道是否需要在 production_settings.py 中设置 STATIC_ROOT，或者是否不需要运行collectstatic？
这是我的设置文件:
ponynote/templates/index.html
{% load render_bundle from webpack_loader %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
<title>Ponynote</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="root">
</div>
{% render_bundle 'main' %}
</body>
</html>
ponynote/settings.py
import os
# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/deployment/checklist/
# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '=e%s=1kdk1_+yur9cmpkw8r-z5gd(owqpxbyl+6^)*10-a3c4v'
# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['xx.xx.xx.xx']
# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'webpack_loader',
]
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
ROOT_URLCONF = 'ponynote.urls'
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "templates"), ],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'ponynote.wsgi.application'
# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#databases
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
}
}
# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
]
# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/i18n/
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True
# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/static-files/
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
WEBPACK_LOADER = {
'DEFAULT': {
'BUNDLE_DIR_NAME': 'bundles/',
'STATS_FILE': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'webpack-stats.dev.json'),
}
}
前端/package.json
{
"name": "frontend",
"version": "0.1.0",
"private": true,
"dependencies": {
"autoprefixer": "7.1.2",
"babel-core": "6.25.0",
"babel-eslint": "7.2.3",
"babel-jest": "20.0.3",
"babel-loader": "7.1.1",
"babel-preset-react-app": "^3.0.3",
"babel-runtime": "6.26.0",
"case-sensitive-paths-webpack-plugin": "2.1.1",
"chalk": "1.1.3",
"css-loader": "0.28.4",
"dotenv": "4.0.0",
"eslint": "4.4.1",
"eslint-config-react-app": "^2.0.1",
"eslint-loader": "1.9.0",
"eslint-plugin-flowtype": "2.35.0",
"eslint-plugin-import": "2.7.0",
"eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y": "5.1.1",
"eslint-plugin-react": "7.1.0",
"extract-text-webpack-plugin": "3.0.0",
"file-loader": "0.11.2",
"fs-extra": "3.0.1",
"html-webpack-plugin": "2.29.0",
"jest": "20.0.4",
"object-assign": "4.1.1",
"postcss-flexbugs-fixes": "3.2.0",
"postcss-loader": "2.0.6",
"promise": "8.0.1",
"react": "^16.0.0",
"react-dev-utils": "^4.1.0",
"react-dom": "^16.0.0",
"style-loader": "0.18.2",
"sw-precache-webpack-plugin": "0.11.4",
"url-loader": "0.5.9",
"webpack": "3.5.1",
"webpack-dev-server": "2.8.2",
"webpack-manifest-plugin": "1.2.1",
"whatwg-fetch": "2.0.3"
},
"scripts": {
"start": "node scripts/start.js",
"build": "node scripts/build.js",
"test": "node scripts/test.js --env=jsdom"
},
"jest": {
"collectCoverageFrom": [
"src/**/*.{js,jsx}"
],
"setupFiles": [
"<rootDir>/config/polyfills.js"
],
"testMatch": [
"<rootDir>/src/**/__tests__/**/*.js?(x)",
"<rootDir>/src/**/?(*.)(spec|test).js?(x)"
],
"testEnvironment": "node",
"testURL": "http://localhost",
"transform": {
"^.+\\.(js|jsx)$": "<rootDir>/node_modules/babel-jest",
"^.+\\.css$": "<rootDir>/config/jest/cssTransform.js",
"^(?!.*\\.(js|jsx|css|json)$)": "<rootDir>/config/jest/fileTransform.js"
},
"transformIgnorePatterns": [
"[/\\\\]node_modules[/\\\\].+\\.(js|jsx)$"
],
"moduleNameMapper": {
"^react-native$": "react-native-web"
},
"moduleFileExtensions": [
"web.js",
"js",
"json",
"web.jsx",
"jsx",
"node"
]
},
"babel": {
"presets": [
"react-app"
]
},
"eslintConfig": {
"extends": "react-app"
},
"proxy": "http://localhost:8000",
"devDependencies": {
"webpack-bundle-tracker": "^0.2.0"
}
}
前端/config/webpack.config.dev.js
'use strict';
const autoprefixer = require('autoprefixer');
const path = require('path');
const webpack = require('webpack');
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');
const CaseSensitivePathsPlugin = require('case-sensitive-paths-webpack-plugin');
const InterpolateHtmlPlugin = require('react-dev-utils/InterpolateHtmlPlugin');
const WatchMissingNodeModulesPlugin = require('react-dev-utils/WatchMissingNodeModulesPlugin');
const eslintFormatter = require('react-dev-utils/eslintFormatter');
const ModuleScopePlugin = require('react-dev-utils/ModuleScopePlugin');
const getClientEnvironment = require('./env');
const paths = require('./paths');
const BundleTracker = require('webpack-bundle-tracker');
// Webpack uses `publicPath` to determine where the app is being served from.
// In development, we always serve from the root. This makes config easier.
const publicPath = 'http://localhost:3000/';
// `publicUrl` is just like `publicPath`, but we will provide it to our app
// as %PUBLIC_URL% in `index.html` and `process.env.PUBLIC_URL` in JavaScript.
// Omit trailing slash as %PUBLIC_PATH%/xyz looks better than %PUBLIC_PATH%xyz.
const publicUrl = 'http://localhost:3000/';
// Get environment variables to inject into our app.
const env = getClientEnvironment(publicUrl);
// This is the development configuration.
// It is focused on developer experience and fast rebuilds.
// The production configuration is different and lives in a separate file.
module.exports = {
// You may want 'eval' instead if you prefer to see the compiled output in DevTools.
// See the discussion in https://github.com/facebookincubator/create-react-app/issues/343.
devtool: 'cheap-module-source-map',
// These are the "entry points" to our application.
// This means they will be the "root" imports that are included in JS bundle.
// The first two entry points enable "hot" CSS and auto-refreshes for JS.
entry: [
// We ship a few polyfills by default:
require.resolve('./polyfills'),
// Include an alternative client for WebpackDevServer. A client's job is to
// connect to WebpackDevServer by a socket and get notified about changes.
// When you save a file, the client will either apply hot updates (in case
// of CSS changes), or refresh the page (in case of JS changes). When you
// make a syntax error, this client will display a syntax error overlay.
// Note: instead of the default WebpackDevServer client, we use a custom one
// to bring better experience for Create React App users. You can replace
// the line below with these two lines if you prefer the stock client:
require.resolve('webpack-dev-server/client') + '?http://localhost:3000',
require.resolve('webpack/hot/dev-server'),
// require.resolve('react-dev-utils/webpackHotDevClient'),
// Finally, this is your app's code:
paths.appIndexJs,
// We include the app code last so that if there is a runtime error during
// initialization, it doesn't blow up the WebpackDevServer client, and
// changing JS code would still trigger a refresh.
],
output: {
// Next line is not used in dev but WebpackDevServer crashes without it:
path: paths.appBuild,
// Add /* filename */ comments to generated require()s in the output.
pathinfo: true,
// This does not produce a real file. It's just the virtual path that is
// served by WebpackDevServer in development. This is the JS bundle
// containing code from all our entry points, and the Webpack runtime.
filename: 'static/js/bundle.js',
// There are also additional JS chunk files if you use code splitting.
chunkFilename: 'static/js/[name].chunk.js',
// This is the URL that app is served from. We use "/" in development.
publicPath: publicPath,
// Point sourcemap entries to original disk location (format as URL on Windows)
devtoolModuleFilenameTemplate: info =>
path.resolve(info.absoluteResourcePath).replace(/\\/g, '/'),
},
resolve: {
// This allows you to set a fallback for where Webpack should look for modules.
// We placed these paths second because we want `node_modules` to "win"
// if there are any conflicts. This matches Node resolution mechanism.
// https://github.com/facebookincubator/create-react-app/issues/253
modules: ['node_modules', paths.appNodeModules].concat(
// It is guaranteed to exist because we tweak it in `env.js`
process.env.NODE_PATH.split(path.delimiter).filter(Boolean)
),
// These are the reasonable defaults supported by the Node ecosystem.
// We also include JSX as a common component filename extension to support
// some tools, although we do not recommend using it, see:
// https://github.com/facebookincubator/create-react-app/issues/290
// `web` extension prefixes have been added for better support
// for React Native Web.
extensions: ['.web.js', '.js', '.json', '.web.jsx', '.jsx'],
alias: {
// Support React Native Web
// https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2016/08/a-glimpse-into-the-future-with-react-native-for-web/
'react-native': 'react-native-web',
},
plugins: [
// Prevents users from importing files from outside of src/ (or node_modules/).
// This often causes confusion because we only process files within src/ with babel.
// To fix this, we prevent you from importing files out of src/ -- if you'd like to,
// please link the files into your node_modules/ and let module-resolution kick in.
// Make sure your source files are compiled, as they will not be processed in any way.
new ModuleScopePlugin(paths.appSrc, [paths.appPackageJson]),
],
},
module: {
strictExportPresence: true,
rules: [
// TODO: Disable require.ensure as it's not a standard language feature.
// We are waiting for https://github.com/facebookincubator/create-react-app/issues/2176.
// { parser: { requireEnsure: false } },
// First, run the linter.
// It's important to do this before Babel processes the JS.
{
test: /\.(js|jsx)$/,
enforce: 'pre',
use: [
{
options: {
formatter: eslintFormatter,
eslintPath: require.resolve('eslint'),
},
loader: require.resolve('eslint-loader'),
},
],
include: paths.appSrc,
},
{
// "oneOf" will traverse all following loaders until one will
// match the requirements. When no loader matches it will fall
// back to the "file" loader at the end of the loader list.
oneOf: [
// "url" loader works like "file" loader except that it embeds assets
// smaller than specified limit in bytes as data URLs to avoid requests.
// A missing `test` is equivalent to a match.
{
test: [/\.bmp$/, /\.gif$/, /\.jpe?g$/, /\.png$/],
loader: require.resolve('url-loader'),
options: {
limit: 10000,
name: 'static/media/[name].[hash:8].[ext]',
},
},
// Process JS with Babel.
{
test: /\.(js|jsx)$/,
include: paths.appSrc,
loader: require.resolve('babel-loader'),
options: {
// This is a feature of `babel-loader` for webpack (not Babel itself).
// It enables caching results in ./node_modules/.cache/babel-loader/
// directory for faster rebuilds.
cacheDirectory: true,
},
},
// "postcss" loader applies autoprefixer to our CSS.
// "css" loader resolves paths in CSS and adds assets as dependencies.
// "style" loader turns CSS into JS modules that inject <style> tags.
// In production, we use a plugin to extract that CSS to a file, but
// in development "style" loader enables hot editing of CSS.
{
test: /\.css$/,
use: [
require.resolve('style-loader'),
{
loader: require.resolve('css-loader'),
options: {
importLoaders: 1,
},
},
{
loader: require.resolve('postcss-loader'),
options: {
// Necessary for external CSS imports to work
// https://github.com/facebookincubator/create-react-app/issues/2677
ident: 'postcss',
plugins: () => [
require('postcss-flexbugs-fixes'),
autoprefixer({
browsers: [
'>1%',
'last 4 versions',
'Firefox ESR',
'not ie < 9', // React doesn't support IE8 anyway
],
flexbox: 'no-2009',
}),
],
},
},
],
},
// "file" loader makes sure those assets get served by WebpackDevServer.
// When you `import` an asset, you get its (virtual) filename.
// In production, they would get copied to the `build` folder.
// This loader doesn't use a "test" so it will catch all modules
// that fall through the other loaders.
{
// Exclude `js` files to keep "css" loader working as it injects
// it's runtime that would otherwise processed through "file" loader.
// Also exclude `html` and `json` extensions so they get processed
// by webpacks internal loaders.
exclude: [/\.js$/, /\.html$/, /\.json$/],
loader: require.resolve('file-loader'),
options: {
name: 'static/media/[name].[hash:8].[ext]',
},
},
],
},
// ** STOP ** Are you adding a new loader?
// Make sure to add the new loader(s) before the "file" loader.
],
},
plugins: [
// Makes some environment variables available in index.html.
// The public URL is available as %PUBLIC_URL% in index.html, e.g.:
// <link rel="shortcut icon" href="%PUBLIC_URL%/favicon.ico">
// In development, this will be an empty string.
new InterpolateHtmlPlugin(env.raw),
// Generates an `index.html` file with the <script> injected.
new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
inject: true,
template: paths.appHtml,
}),
// Add module names to factory functions so they appear in browser profiler.
new webpack.NamedModulesPlugin(),
// Makes some environment variables available to the JS code, for example:
// if (process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development') { ... }. See `./env.js`.
new webpack.DefinePlugin(env.stringified),
// This is necessary to emit hot updates (currently CSS only):
new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin(),
// Watcher doesn't work well if you mistype casing in a path so we use
// a plugin that prints an error when you attempt to do this.
// See https://github.com/facebookincubator/create-react-app/issues/240
new CaseSensitivePathsPlugin(),
// If you require a missing module and then `npm install` it, you still have
// to restart the development server for Webpack to discover it. This plugin
// makes the discovery automatic so you don't have to restart.
// See https://github.com/facebookincubator/create-react-app/issues/186
new WatchMissingNodeModulesPlugin(paths.appNodeModules),
// Moment.js is an extremely popular library that bundles large locale files
// by default due to how Webpack interprets its code. This is a practical
// solution that requires the user to opt into importing specific locales.
// https://github.com/jmblog/how-to-optimize-momentjs-with-webpack
// You can remove this if you don't use Moment.js:
new webpack.IgnorePlugin(/^\.\/locale$/, /moment$/),
new BundleTracker({path: paths.statsRoot, filename: 'webpack-stats.dev.json'}),
],
// Some libraries import Node modules but don't use them in the browser.
// Tell Webpack to provide empty mocks for them so importing them works.
node: {
dgram: 'empty',
fs: 'empty',
net: 'empty',
tls: 'empty',
child_process: 'empty',
},
// Turn off performance hints during development because we don't do any
// splitting or minification in interest of speed. These warnings become
// cumbersome.
performance: {
hints: false,
},
};
Nginx/乘客配置:
/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/ponynote.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name xx.xx.xx.xx;
passenger_python /var/www/ponynote/venv36/bin/python3.6;
# Tell Nginx and Passenger where your app's 'public' directory is
root /var/www/ponynote/ponynote/ponynote;
# Turn on Passenger
passenger_enabled on;
}
passenger_wsgi.py
import ponynote.wsgi
application = ponynote.wsgi.application
ponynote/wsgi.py
import os
from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "ponynote.production_settings")
application = get_wsgi_application()
ponynote/生产设置.py
from .settings import *
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "assets"),
]
WEBPACK_LOADER = {
'DEFAULT': {
'BUNDLE_DIR_NAME': 'bundles/',
'STATS_FILE': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'webpack-stats.prod.json'),
}
}
最佳答案
如果脚本未加载，并且当您在浏览器中访问脚本的 URL 时看到主页的 HTML，则意味着您的链接错误或 Nginx 未提供文件。 (由于 URL 中没有文件，Nginx 会为您提供主页。)一开始我没有意识到，虽然 Nginx 默认为 Django 应用程序提供服务，但它不提供任何非静态文件。在“public”文件夹中，因此不提供构建输出。
自从我遵循的教程编写以来，create-react-app 似乎也发生了变化；您现在似乎不需要进行任何 webpack 配置。
最后，您需要将前端构建输出放在 Django 应用程序可以找到的地方。
一个新的教程引导我找到了一种在生产服务器上运行的方法: https://medium.com/alpha-coder/heres-a-dead-simple-react-django-setup-for-your-next-project-c0b0036663c6 。我选择将前端保留在自己的文件夹中，并且我使用 Nginx/Passenger，因此我做了一些更改。
这是我的设置方法。
1) 设置 Django 项目后，在项目根文件夹中创建一个 React 应用程序:
create-react-app frontend
2) 告诉 Django 项目在哪里查找 React 构建输出: 在 djangoproject/settings.py 中:
TEMPLATES = [
{
...
'DIRS': [
os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'assets')
],
...
}
]
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'assets/static'),
]
在 djangoproject/urls.py 中:
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, re_path
from django.views.generic import TemplateView
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
# path('api/', include('mynewapp.urls')),
re_path('.*', TemplateView.as_view(template_name='index.html')),
]
将其添加到 frontend/src/index.js 末尾以启用热重载:
if (module.hot) {
module.hot.accept();
}
3) 在项目根目录中创建一个 bash 脚本来构建 React 页面并将它们移动到项目根目录中的 Assets 文件夹中:
buildapp.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash
npm run build --prefix frontend
rm -rf ./assets
mv ./frontend/build ./assets
运行此脚本。
4) 告诉 nginx 在哪里可以找到构建输出和正确的 Python 版本(假设您使用的是虚拟环境)。我使用 Passenger 部署应用程序，因此此代码位于 sudo nano/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/myapp.conf
passenger_python /var/www/myapp/venv36/bin/python3.6;
# Tell Nginx where your app's 'public' directory is
root /var/www/myapp/myapp/myapp;
# Tell Nginx the location of the build output files
location /static/ {
autoindex on;
root /var/www/myapp/myapp/assets;
}
我还没有运行collectstatic，一切看起来都很好。我猜您只需要 Collectstatic 来获取将来可能添加的任何其他资源。
关于django - 如何在 Ubuntu 服务器上使用 create-react-app 通过 Webpack/React 配置 Django，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/53708640/