我正在尝试学习如何使用函数来使我的代码更易于阅读和内存。我正在练习一个函数，该函数预计使用 filter() (根据函数参数之一)对我的数据进行子集化，仅保留我使用 select() 提供给函数的部分数据列，并绘制索引随时间变化的趋势与 ggplot() + geom_line() 。
我发现了几个相关的问题，但我无法解决其中任何一个问题。我认为我的问题与我在函数本身中包含参数的方式有关。由于我对用 R 编写函数(以及在某种程度上，对 R 本身)还很陌生，所以我想了解我缺少什么。
下面是我使用 dput() 获得的数据示例:
structure(list(denominazione_regione = c("Abruzzo", "Abruzzo",
"Abruzzo", "Abruzzo", "Abruzzo", "Abruzzo", "Abruzzo", "Abruzzo",
"Abruzzo", "Abruzzo", "Basilicata", "Basilicata", "Basilicata",
"Basilicata", "Basilicata", "Basilicata", "Basilicata", "Basilicata",
"Basilicata", "Basilicata", "Calabria", "Calabria", "Calabria",
"Calabria", "Calabria", "Calabria", "Calabria", "Calabria", "Calabria",
"Calabria", "Campania", "Campania", "Campania", "Campania", "Campania",
"Campania", "Campania", "Campania", "Campania", "Campania", "Emilia-Romagna",
"Emilia-Romagna", "Emilia-Romagna", "Emilia-Romagna", "Emilia-Romagna",
"Emilia-Romagna", "Emilia-Romagna", "Emilia-Romagna", "Emilia-Romagna",
"Emilia-Romagna", "Friuli Venezia Giulia", "Friuli Venezia Giulia",
"Friuli Venezia Giulia", "Friuli Venezia Giulia", "Friuli Venezia Giulia",
"Friuli Venezia Giulia", "Friuli Venezia Giulia", "Friuli Venezia Giulia",
"Friuli Venezia Giulia", "Friuli Venezia Giulia", "Lazio", "Lazio",
"Lazio", "Lazio", "Lazio", "Lazio", "Lazio", "Lazio", "Lazio",
"Lazio", "Liguria", "Liguria", "Liguria", "Liguria", "Liguria",
"Liguria", "Liguria", "Liguria", "Liguria", "Liguria", "Lombardia",
"Lombardia", "Lombardia", "Lombardia", "Lombardia", "Lombardia",
"Lombardia", "Lombardia", "Lombardia", "Lombardia", "Marche",
"Marche", "Marche", "Marche", "Marche", "Marche", "Marche", "Marche",
"Marche", "Marche", "Molise", "Molise", "Molise", "Molise", "Molise",
"Molise", "Molise", "Molise", "Molise", "Molise", "P.A. Bolzano",
"P.A. Bolzano", "P.A. Bolzano", "P.A. Bolzano", "P.A. Bolzano",
"P.A. Bolzano", "P.A. Bolzano", "P.A. Bolzano", "P.A. Bolzano",
"P.A. Bolzano", "P.A. Trento", "P.A. Trento", "P.A. Trento",
"P.A. Trento", "P.A. Trento", "P.A. Trento", "P.A. Trento", "P.A. Trento",
"P.A. Trento", "P.A. Trento", "Piemonte", "Piemonte", "Piemonte",
"Piemonte", "Piemonte", "Piemonte", "Piemonte", "Piemonte", "Piemonte",
"Piemonte", "Puglia", "Puglia", "Puglia", "Puglia", "Puglia",
"Puglia", "Puglia", "Puglia", "Puglia", "Puglia", "Sardegna",
"Sardegna", "Sardegna", "Sardegna", "Sardegna", "Sardegna", "Sardegna",
"Sardegna", "Sardegna", "Sardegna", "Sicilia", "Sicilia", "Sicilia",
"Sicilia", "Sicilia", "Sicilia", "Sicilia", "Sicilia", "Sicilia",
"Sicilia", "Toscana", "Toscana", "Toscana", "Toscana", "Toscana",
"Toscana", "Toscana", "Toscana", "Toscana", "Toscana", "Umbria",
"Umbria", "Umbria", "Umbria", "Umbria", "Umbria", "Umbria", "Umbria",
"Umbria", "Umbria", "Valle d'Aosta", "Valle d'Aosta", "Valle d'Aosta",
"Valle d'Aosta", "Valle d'Aosta", "Valle d'Aosta", "Valle d'Aosta",
"Valle d'Aosta", "Valle d'Aosta", "Valle d'Aosta", "Veneto",
"Veneto", "Veneto", "Veneto", "Veneto", "Veneto", "Veneto", "Veneto",
"Veneto", "Veneto"), mese = c(4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5,
5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,
5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4,
4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,
5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5,
5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5), giorno = c(13, 14, 15, 17, 18,
19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16, 14,
15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
15, 16, 17, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 4, 6, 4, 9, 10, 11,
12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,
30, 31, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 27, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 19, 16,
17, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 5, 6, 17, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
15, 16, 17, 20, 22, 23, 25, 27, 29, 30, 2, 3, 17, 3, 4, 5, 15,
16, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10, 29,
30, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17), indice_covid = c(0.000722977172570487,
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0.000496763433728451, 0.000528989540994201, 0.000549981803030561,
0.00048950494039217, 0.000527332301604848, 0.000487397674642721,
0.000460909394964938, 0.000460726234814601, 0.000463354614150553,
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0.00312271481546321, 0.00310642552480385, 0.00313066183374978,
0.00314310505626025, 0.00119011081454931, 0.00120503266098013,
0.00121702131779706, 0.00123403843449071, 0.0011908796837411,
0.00120040745199511, 0.0012181362510992, 0.00123036198182824,
0.00124443699302914, 0.00125054297376155), indice_covid_mobile = c(103.912846159121,
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3709.28719515099, 3663.770468982, 3821.5951582046, 3732.70198593756,
3749.35660560317, 3778.03816208134, 3855.68070346596, 3810.36811408214,
3820.42951574437, 3665.04005381276, 3335.56624585953, 3512.40456485421,
3740.2617672617, 3888.6891916591, 3461.08282215474, 3728.54412703095,
3446.18323547991, 3258.89579011162, 3257.60074199724, 3276.18490288943,
32348.8642996309, 33599.4870235032, 33210.484779231, 33958.2022804436,
32468.5316869857, 32641.9078779708, 32259.8982267784, 32091.6180955748,
32341.9966623645, 32470.5441332424, 1721.88218494195, 1743.47148672928,
1760.81697619303, 1785.43776756444, 1722.99460417864, 1736.77961832881,
1762.4300896669, 1780.11858361459, 1800.48266294519, 1809.31694906057
)), row.names = c(NA, -210L), class = c("grouped_df", "tbl_df",
"tbl", "data.frame"), groups = structure(list(denominazione_regione = c("Abruzzo",
"Basilicata", "Calabria", "Campania", "Emilia-Romagna", "Friuli Venezia Giulia",
"Lazio", "Liguria", "Lombardia", "Marche", "Molise", "P.A. Bolzano",
"P.A. Trento", "Piemonte", "Puglia", "Sardegna", "Sicilia", "Toscana",
"Umbria", "Valle d'Aosta", "Veneto"), .rows = list(1:10, 11:20,
21:30, 31:40, 41:50, 51:60, 61:70, 71:80, 81:90, 91:100,
101:110, 111:120, 121:130, 131:140, 141:150, 151:160, 161:170,
171:180, 181:190, 191:200, 201:210)), row.names = c(NA, -21L
), class = c("tbl_df", "tbl", "data.frame"), .drop = TRUE))
功能:
我正在练习的函数有 3 个参数:数据集(我称之为 data.moving )和 2 个附加条目:一个用于根据 denominazione_regione 列对数据进行子集化，第二个用于选择要随时间绘制的索引(我提供给函数的 data.frame 有 3 个可能的索引)
plot_by_reg <- function(df, reg, dato) {
#d <-
df %>%
dplyr::filter(denominazione_regione == reg) %>%
dplyr::mutate(calendario = format(as.Date(paste(mese,giorno , sep = "-" ) , format = "%m-%d" ), "%m-%d")) %>%
dplyr::select(c(denominazione_regione, calendario, all_of(dato))) %>%
ggplot(aes(x=df$calendario, y=df$dato)) + #, group = 1)) +
geom_line(aes(group = 1)) +
theme_dark()
}
问题:
当我调用该函数时，R 返回以下错误>
plot_by_reg(df = data.moving, reg = "Toscana", dato = "indice_covid")
Errore: geom_line requires the following missing aesthetics: x and y
Run `rlang::last_error()` to see where the error occurred.
相反，如果我更改 ggplot() 美学以调用函数参数(包含在函数调用中的引号“”内(我会得到一个图表，其中线条是水平的，并且 y 轴上没有实际值
plot_by_reg <- function(df, reg, dato) {
#d <-
df %>%
dplyr::filter(denominazione_regione == reg) %>%
dplyr::mutate(calendario = format(as.Date(paste(mese,giorno , sep = "-" ) , format = "%m-%d" ), "%m-%d")) %>%
dplyr::select(c(denominazione_regione, calendario, all_of(dato))) #%>%
ggplot(aes(x = calendario, y = dato) + #, group = 1)) +
geom_line(aes(group = 1)) +
theme_dark()
}
最后，如果我修改 plot_by_reg 并删除 ggplot() 部分，该函数就会起作用，打印包含 3 列的 data.frame
plot_by_reg <- function(df, reg, dato) {
#d <-
df %>%
dplyr::filter(denominazione_regione == reg) %>%
dplyr::mutate(calendario = format(as.Date(paste(mese,giorno , sep = "-" ) , format = "%m-%d" ), "%m-%d")) %>%
dplyr::select(c(denominazione_regione, calendario, all_of(dato))) #%>%
#ggplot(aes(x=df$calendario, y=df$dato)) + #, group = 1)) +
#geom_line(aes(group = 1)) +
#theme_dark()
}
我认为问题在于我在其中调用函数参数的方式，但就我尝试更改它而言，我总是发现错误。例如，如果我尝试传递没有“”的参数 dato ，R 会在 Error in plot_by_reg(df = data.moving, reg = Toscana, dato = indice_covid) : object "indice_covid" not found 行中抛出错误 select() ，因为它找不到元素 df$dato 。函数外的相同命令可以完美运行。
编辑
我忘了提及我正在使用的机器的功能:
Sys.info()
sysname release version nodename machine login
"Windows" "10 x64" "build 18362" "DESKTOP-7D7TTKL" "x86-64" "Filippo"
user effective_user
"Filippo" "Filippo"
R.version
_
platform x86_64-w64-mingw32
arch x86_64
os mingw32
system x86_64, mingw32
status
major 3
minor 6.2
year 2019
month 12
day 12
svn rev 77560
language R
version.string R version 3.6.2 (2019-12-12)
nickname Dark and Stormy Night
library(tidyverse)
-- Attaching packages --------------------------------------- tidyverse 1.3.0 --
v ggplot2 3.3.0 v purrr 0.3.3
v tibble 2.1.3 v dplyr 0.8.4
v tidyr 1.0.2 v stringr 1.4.0
v readr 1.3.1 v forcats 0.4.0
-- Conflicts ------------------------------------------ tidyverse_conflicts() --
x dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
x dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()
Warning messages:
1: package ‘tidyverse’ was built under R version 3.6.3
2: package ‘ggplot2’ was built under R version 3.6.3
最佳答案
您的函数存在两个问题。出现第一个错误是因为 calendario 不是传递给函数的 df 列。只需在指定美观时删除 df$ 即可。第二。即使删除 df$ 时，您也将 y-aesthetic 设置为等于变量 dato 中的字符串，即示例中的“indice_covid”。也就是说，对于每个日期，您都有相同的值“indice_covid”。这就是为什么你会得到一条平坦的线。要告诉 ggplot2 您想要 df 的列 dato，您必须使用 sym 和 bang-bang-operator !!< 将其转换为符号，即 !!sym(dato)。试试这个:
library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)
plot_by_reg <- function(df, reg, dato) {
df %>%
dplyr::filter(denominazione_regione == reg) %>%
dplyr::mutate(calendario = format(as.Date(paste(mese,giorno , sep = "-" ) , format = "%m-%d" ), "%m-%d")) %>%
dplyr::select(c(denominazione_regione, calendario, all_of(dato))) %>%
#ggplot(aes(x=df$calendario, y=df$dato)) +
ggplot(aes(x = calendario, y = !!sym(dato))) +
geom_line(aes(group = 1)) +
theme_dark()
}
plot_by_reg(df = data.moving, reg = "Toscana", dato = "indice_covid")
由reprex package于2020年5月25日创建(v0.3.0)
关于r - dplyr::select 自制函数中未找到对象，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/62005232/