python - 如何传递Pyside2中要调用的函数？

Question

我尝试使用 runJavaScript 函数从 QWebEngineView 获取一些数据，但它出错并显示以下错误消息。

有办法解决这个问题吗？较旧的主题表明这是 Pyside2 中的限制，因此不确定现在是否已解决。

from PySide2 import QtCore, QtWidgets, QtGui, QtWebEngineWidgets

def callbackfunction(html):
    print html

file = "myhtmlfile.html"
view = QtWebEngineWidgets.QWebEngineView()
view.load(QtCore.QUrl.fromLocalFile(file))
view.page().runJavaScript("document.getElementsByTagName('html')[0].innerHTML", callbackfunction)

TypeError: 'PySide2.QtWebEngineWidgets.QWebEnginePage.runJavaScript' called with wrong argument types:
 PySide2.QtWebEngineWidgets.QWebEnginePage.runJavaScript(str, function)
Supported signatures:
 PySide2.QtWebEngineWidgets.QWebEnginePage.runJavaScript(str)
 PySide2.QtWebEngineWidgets.QWebEnginePage.runJavaScript(str, int)

Answer 1

PySide2 不提供 runJavaScript 的所有重载方法，因此它不支持向其传递回调。一种可能的解决方法是使用 QtWebChannel，通过 websockets 实现 javascript 和 python 之间的通信:

import sys
import os

from PySide2 import QtCore, QtWidgets, QtWebEngineWidgets, QtWebChannel

CURRENT_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))


class Backend(QtCore.QObject):
    htmlChanged = QtCore.Signal()

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(Backend, self).__init__(parent)
        self._html = ""

    @QtCore.Slot(str)
    def toHtml(self, html):
        self._html = html
        self.htmlChanged.emit()

    @property
    def html(self):
        return self._html


class WebEnginePage(QtWebEngineWidgets.QWebEnginePage):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(WebEnginePage, self).__init__(parent)
        self.loadFinished.connect(self.onLoadFinished)
        self._backend = Backend()
        self.backend.htmlChanged.connect(self.handle_htmlChanged)

    @property
    def backend(self):
        return self._backend

    @QtCore.Slot(bool)
    def onLoadFinished(self, ok):
        if ok:
            self.load_qwebchannel()
            self.load_object()

    def load_qwebchannel(self):
        file = QtCore.QFile(":/qtwebchannel/qwebchannel.js")
        if file.open(QtCore.QIODevice.ReadOnly):
            content = file.readAll()
            file.close()
            self.runJavaScript(content.data().decode())
        if self.webChannel() is None:
            channel = QtWebChannel.QWebChannel(self)
            self.setWebChannel(channel)

    def load_object(self):
        if self.webChannel() is not None:
            self.webChannel().registerObject("backend", self.backend)
            script = r"""
            new QWebChannel(qt.webChannelTransport, function (channel) {
                var backend = channel.objects.backend;
                var html = document.getElementsByTagName('html')[0].innerHTML;
                backend.toHtml(html);
            });"""
            self.runJavaScript(script)

    def handle_htmlChanged(self):
        print(self.backend.html)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    filename = os.path.join(CURRENT_DIR, "index.html")
    url = QtCore.QUrl.fromLocalFile(filename)
    page = WebEnginePage()
    view = QtWebEngineWidgets.QWebEngineView()
    page.load(url)
    view.setPage(page)
    view.resize(640, 480)
    view.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

---

我之前的逻辑仅侧重于获取 HTML，但在答案的这一部分中，我将尝试概括逻辑以能够关联回调。这个想法是将响应发送到与回调相关的 uuid 关联的桥对象，消息必须以 json 格式发送才能处理不同类型的数据。

import json
import os
import sys

from PySide2 import QtCore, QtWidgets, QtWebEngineWidgets, QtWebChannel
from jinja2 import Template

CURRENT_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))


class Bridge(QtCore.QObject):
    initialized = QtCore.Signal()

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super().__init__(parent)
        self._callbacks = dict()

    @property
    def callbacks(self):
        return self._callbacks

    @QtCore.Slot()
    def init(self):
        self.initialized.emit()

    @QtCore.Slot(str, str)
    def send(self, uuid, data):
        res = json.loads(data)
        callback = self.callbacks.pop(uuid, None)
        if callable(callable):
            callback(res)


class WebEnginePage(QtWebEngineWidgets.QWebEnginePage):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(WebEnginePage, self).__init__(parent)
        self.loadFinished.connect(self.onLoadFinished)
        self._bridge = Bridge()

    @property
    def bridge(self):
        return self._bridge

    @QtCore.Slot(bool)
    def onLoadFinished(self, ok):
        if ok:
            self.load_qwebchannel()
            self.load_object()

    def load_qwebchannel(self):
        file = QtCore.QFile(":/qtwebchannel/qwebchannel.js")
        if file.open(QtCore.QIODevice.ReadOnly):
            content = file.readAll()
            file.close()
            self.runJavaScript(content.data().decode())
        if self.webChannel() is None:
            channel = QtWebChannel.QWebChannel(self)
            self.setWebChannel(channel)

    def load_object(self):
        if self.webChannel() is not None:
            self.webChannel().registerObject("bridge", self.bridge)
            script = r"""
            var bridge = null;
            new QWebChannel(qt.webChannelTransport, function (channel) {
                bridge = channel.objects.bridge;
                bridge.init();
            });"""
            self.runJavaScript(script)

    def execute(self, code, callback, uuid=""):
        uuid = uuid or QtCore.QUuid.createUuid().toString()
        self.bridge.callbacks[uuid] = callback
        script = Template(code).render(uuid=uuid)
        self.runJavaScript(script)


class MainWindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super().__init__(parent)

        self.page = WebEnginePage()
        self.view = QtWebEngineWidgets.QWebEngineView()
        self.view.setPage(self.page)

        self.page.bridge.initialized.connect(self.handle_initialized)

        self.setCentralWidget(self.view)

        filename = os.path.join(CURRENT_DIR, "index.html")
        url = QtCore.QUrl.fromLocalFile(filename)
        self.view.load(url)

    def handle_initialized(self):
        self.page.execute(
            """
            var value = document.getElementsByTagName('html')[0].innerHTML
            bridge.send('{{uuid}}', JSON.stringify(value));
        """,
            callbackfunction,
        )


def callbackfunction(html):
    print(html)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    w = MainWindow()
    w.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())