python - 将 Flask 代码拆分到不同的文件中

Question

下面是Python Flask代码。

我想做的就是将代码分成不同的文件，如下所示 view.py 中的所有路由，在 db.py 中配置 db 并在 app.py 或任何需要的地方使用它们。

我还想在某些路由中使用db，那么如何在views.py中调用它

from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect, make_response, jsonify
from flask_mysqldb import MySQL
from flask_cors import CORS, cross_origin
import yaml


app = Flask(__name__)

# middleware
cors = CORS(app)


# configure db
db = yaml.safe_load(open('db.yaml'))
app.config['MYSQL_HOST'] = db['mysql_host']
app.config['MYSQL_USER'] = db['mysql_user']
app.config['MYSQL_PASSWORD'] = db['mysql_password']
app.config['MYSQL_DB'] = db['mysql_db']

mysql = MySQL(app)

# routes

@app.route("/", methods=['POST'])
def index():
    cur = mysql.connection.cursor()
    sql_select_query_check = """UPDATE users SET Password = %s, Password_Status = %s WHERE ID = %s"""
    cur.execute(sql_select_query_check, (hashcode, 1, userid[0]))
    mysql.connection.commit()  
    return jsonify({"message": "password updated"})


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True, use_reloader=True)

Answer 1

在flask文档中您可以看到Larger Applications它显示了如何拆分代码。它提到主要问题可能是循环导入 - main 导入 views ，它必须导入 main 才能获取 app 。同样的问题是 db.py ，它需要导入 main 才能获取 app

---

我将 app 移动到单独的文件 application.py 以跳过循环导入

我不运行代码，也许需要将 mysql 导入 views.py

但也许应该使用 Blueprint() 或使用将导入到 main.py 并使用参数 app 运行的函数来完成.

---

application.py

from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)

db.py

from application import app
from flask_mysqldb import MySQL
import yaml

db = yaml.safe_load(open('db.yaml'))
app.config['MYSQL_HOST'] = db['mysql_host']
app.config['MYSQL_USER'] = db['mysql_user']
app.config['MYSQL_PASSWORD'] = db['mysql_password']
app.config['MYSQL_DB'] = db['mysql_db']

mysql = MySQL(app)

views.py

from application import app

@app.route("/", methods=['POST'])
def index():
    cur = mysql.connection.cursor()
    sql_select_query_check = """UPDATE users SET Password = %s, Password_Status = %s WHERE ID = %s"""
    cur.execute(sql_select_query_check, (hashcode, 1, userid[0]))
    mysql.connection.commit()  
    return jsonify({"message": "password updated"})

ma​​in.py

from application import app

from flask import render_template, request, redirect, make_response, jsonify
from flask_cors import CORS, cross_origin

from views import *

# middleware
cors = CORS(app)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True, use_reloader=True)

---

编辑:

在函数 init() 中包含代码且没有 application.py 的版本 - 但我没有测试它是否有效。但它开始看起来像带有 Blueprint

的代码

db.py

from flask_mysqldb import MySQL
import yaml

def init(app):
    db = yaml.safe_load(open('db.yaml'))
    app.config['MYSQL_HOST'] = db['mysql_host']
    app.config['MYSQL_USER'] = db['mysql_user']
    app.config['MYSQL_PASSWORD'] = db['mysql_password']
    app.config['MYSQL_DB'] = db['mysql_db']

    return MySQL(app)

views.py

def init(app, mysql):

    @app.route("/", methods=['POST'])
    def index():
        cur = mysql.connection.cursor()
        sql_select_query_check = """UPDATE users SET Password = %s, Password_Status = %s WHERE ID = %s"""
        cur.execute(sql_select_query_check, (hashcode, 1, userid[0]))
        mysql.connection.commit()  
        return jsonify({"message": "password updated"})

ma​​in.py

from flask import Flask
from flask import render_template, request, redirect, make_response, jsonify
from flask_cors import CORS, cross_origin
import db
import views

app = Flask(__name__)

# middleware
cors = CORS(app)
myslq = db.init(app)
views.init(app, mysql)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True, use_reloader=True)

---

但我宁愿将 views 与 app = Flask(__name__) 保留在一个文件中。