我正在尝试阅读一些 pine 脚本来了解它是如何工作的。
但是有一些奇怪的事情我无法解释。
例如，pivot pine 脚本:
pivotX_open = float(na)
pivotX_open := nz(pivotX_open[1], open)
pivotX_high = float(na)
pivotX_high := nz(pivotX_high[1], high)
pivotX_low = float(na)
pivotX_low := nz(pivotX_low[1], low)
pivotX_prev_open = float(na)
pivotX_prev_open := nz(pivotX_prev_open[1])
pivotX_prev_high = float(na)
pivotX_prev_high := nz(pivotX_prev_high[1])
pivotX_prev_low = float(na)
pivotX_prev_low := nz(pivotX_prev_low[1])
pivotX_prev_close = float(na)
pivotX_prev_close := nz(pivotX_prev_close[1])
我无法理解这些初始化。 这似乎是一种常见的方法，但很难理解如何用自身初始化变量。
感谢您的帮助。
Tradingview 的完整代码
//@version=5
indicator("Pivot Points Standard", "Pivots", overlay=true, max_lines_count=500, max_labels_count=500)
AUTO = "Auto"
DAILY = "Daily"
WEEKLY = "Weekly"
MONTHLY = "Monthly"
QUARTERLY = "Quarterly"
YEARLY = "Yearly"
BIYEARLY = "Biyearly"
TRIYEARLY = "Triyearly"
QUINQUENNIALLY = "Quinquennially"
DECENNIALLY = "Decennially"
TRADITIONAL = "Traditional"
FIBONACCI = "Fibonacci"
WOODIE = "Woodie"
CLASSIC = "Classic"
DEMARK = "DM"
CAMARILLA = "Camarilla"
kind = input.string(title="Type", defval="Traditional", options=[TRADITIONAL, FIBONACCI, WOODIE, CLASSIC, DEMARK, CAMARILLA])
pivot_time_frame = input.string(title="Pivots Timeframe", defval=AUTO, options=[AUTO, DAILY, WEEKLY, MONTHLY, QUARTERLY, YEARLY, BIYEARLY, TRIYEARLY, QUINQUENNIALLY, DECENNIALLY])
look_back = input.int(title="Number of Pivots Back", defval=15, minval=1, maxval=5000)
is_daily_based = input.bool(title="Use Daily-based Values", defval=true, tooltip="When this option is unchecked, Pivot Points will use intraday data while calculating on intraday charts. If Extended Hours are displayed on the chart, they will be taken into account during the pivot level calculation. If intraday OHLC values are different from daily-based values (normal for stocks), the pivot levels will also differ.")
show_labels = input.bool(title="Show Labels", defval=true, inline="labels")
position_labels = input.string("Left", "", options=["Left", "Right"], inline="labels")
var DEF_COLOR = #FB8C00
var arr_time = array.new_int()
var p = array.new_float()
p_show = input.bool(true, "P ", inline="P")
p_color = input.color(DEF_COLOR, "", inline="P")
var r1 = array.new_float()
var s1 = array.new_float()
s1r1_show = input.bool(true, "S1/R1", inline="S1/R1")
s1r1_color = input.color(DEF_COLOR, "", inline="S1/R1")
var r2 = array.new_float()
var s2 = array.new_float()
s2r2_show = input.bool(true, "S2/R2", inline="S2/R2")
s2r2_color = input.color(DEF_COLOR, "", inline="S2/R2")
var r3 = array.new_float()
var s3 = array.new_float()
s3r3_show = input.bool(true, "S3/R3", inline="S3/R3")
s3r3_color = input.color(DEF_COLOR, "", inline="S3/R3")
var r4 = array.new_float()
var s4 = array.new_float()
s4r4_show = input.bool(true, "S4/R4", inline="S4/R4")
s4r4_color = input.color(DEF_COLOR, "", inline="S4/R4")
var r5 = array.new_float()
var s5 = array.new_float()
s5r5_show = input.bool(true, "S5/R5", inline="S5/R5")
s5r5_color = input.color(DEF_COLOR, "", inline="S5/R5")
pivotX_open = float(na)
pivotX_open := nz(pivotX_open[1], open)
pivotX_high = float(na)
pivotX_high := nz(pivotX_high[1], high)
pivotX_low = float(na)
pivotX_low := nz(pivotX_low[1], low)
pivotX_prev_open = float(na)
pivotX_prev_open := nz(pivotX_prev_open[1])
pivotX_prev_high = float(na)
pivotX_prev_high := nz(pivotX_prev_high[1])
pivotX_prev_low = float(na)
pivotX_prev_low := nz(pivotX_prev_low[1])
pivotX_prev_close = float(na)
pivotX_prev_close := nz(pivotX_prev_close[1])
get_pivot_resolution() =>
resolution = "M"
if pivot_time_frame == AUTO
if timeframe.isintraday
resolution := timeframe.multiplier <= 15 ? "D" : "W"
else if timeframe.isweekly or timeframe.ismonthly
resolution := "12M"
else if pivot_time_frame == DAILY
resolution := "D"
else if pivot_time_frame == WEEKLY
resolution := "W"
else if pivot_time_frame == MONTHLY
resolution := "M"
else if pivot_time_frame == QUARTERLY
resolution := "3M"
else if pivot_time_frame == YEARLY or pivot_time_frame == BIYEARLY or pivot_time_frame == TRIYEARLY or pivot_time_frame == QUINQUENNIALLY or pivot_time_frame == DECENNIALLY
resolution := "12M"
resolution
var lines = array.new_line()
var labels = array.new_label()
draw_line(i, pivot, col) =>
if array.size(arr_time) > 1
array.push(lines, line.new(array.get(arr_time, i), array.get(pivot, i), array.get(arr_time, i + 1), array.get(pivot, i), color=col, xloc=xloc.bar_time))
draw_label(i, y, txt, txt_color) =>
if show_labels
offset = ' '
labels_align_str_left= position_labels == "Left" ? txt + offset : offset + txt
x = position_labels == "Left" ? array.get(arr_time, i) : array.get(arr_time, i + 1)
array.push(labels, label.new(x = x, y=y, text=labels_align_str_left, textcolor=txt_color, style=label.style_label_center, color=#00000000, xloc=xloc.bar_time))
traditional() =>
pivotX_Median = (pivotX_prev_high + pivotX_prev_low + pivotX_prev_close) / 3
array.push(p, pivotX_Median)
array.push(r1, pivotX_Median * 2 - pivotX_prev_low)
array.push(s1, pivotX_Median * 2 - pivotX_prev_high)
array.push(r2, pivotX_Median + 1 * (pivotX_prev_high - pivotX_prev_low))
array.push(s2, pivotX_Median - 1 * (pivotX_prev_high - pivotX_prev_low))
array.push(r3, pivotX_Median * 2 + (pivotX_prev_high - 2 * pivotX_prev_low))
array.push(s3, pivotX_Median * 2 - (2 * pivotX_prev_high - pivotX_prev_low))
array.push(r4, pivotX_Median * 3 + (pivotX_prev_high - 3 * pivotX_prev_low))
array.push(s4, pivotX_Median * 3 - (3 * pivotX_prev_high - pivotX_prev_low))
array.push(r5, pivotX_Median * 4 + (pivotX_prev_high - 4 * pivotX_prev_low))
array.push(s5, pivotX_Median * 4 - (4 * pivotX_prev_high - pivotX_prev_low))
fibonacci() =>
pivotX_Median = (pivotX_prev_high + pivotX_prev_low + pivotX_prev_close) / 3
pivot_range = pivotX_prev_high - pivotX_prev_low
array.push(p, pivotX_Median)
array.push(r1, pivotX_Median + 0.382 * pivot_range)
array.push(s1, pivotX_Median - 0.382 * pivot_range)
array.push(r2, pivotX_Median + 0.618 * pivot_range)
array.push(s2, pivotX_Median - 0.618 * pivot_range)
array.push(r3, pivotX_Median + 1 * pivot_range)
array.push(s3, pivotX_Median - 1 * pivot_range)
woodie() =>
pivotX_Woodie_Median = (pivotX_prev_high + pivotX_prev_low + pivotX_open * 2)/4
pivot_range = pivotX_prev_high - pivotX_prev_low
array.push(p, pivotX_Woodie_Median)
array.push(r1, pivotX_Woodie_Median * 2 - pivotX_prev_low)
array.push(s1, pivotX_Woodie_Median * 2 - pivotX_prev_high)
array.push(r2, pivotX_Woodie_Median + 1 * pivot_range)
array.push(s2, pivotX_Woodie_Median - 1 * pivot_range)
pivot_point_r3 = pivotX_prev_high + 2 * (pivotX_Woodie_Median - pivotX_prev_low)
pivot_point_s3 = pivotX_prev_low - 2 * (pivotX_prev_high - pivotX_Woodie_Median)
array.push(r3, pivot_point_r3)
array.push(s3, pivot_point_s3)
array.push(r4, pivot_point_r3 + pivot_range)
array.push(s4, pivot_point_s3 - pivot_range)
classic() =>
pivotX_Median = (pivotX_prev_high + pivotX_prev_low + pivotX_prev_close)/3
pivot_range = pivotX_prev_high - pivotX_prev_low
array.push(p, pivotX_Median)
array.push(r1, pivotX_Median * 2 - pivotX_prev_low)
array.push(s1, pivotX_Median * 2 - pivotX_prev_high)
array.push(r2, pivotX_Median + 1 * pivot_range)
array.push(s2, pivotX_Median - 1 * pivot_range)
array.push(r3, pivotX_Median + 2 * pivot_range)
array.push(s3, pivotX_Median - 2 * pivot_range)
array.push(r4, pivotX_Median + 3 * pivot_range)
array.push(s4, pivotX_Median - 3 * pivot_range)
demark() =>
pivotX_Demark_X = pivotX_prev_high + pivotX_prev_low * 2 + pivotX_prev_close
if pivotX_prev_close == pivotX_prev_open
pivotX_Demark_X := pivotX_prev_high + pivotX_prev_low + pivotX_prev_close * 2
if pivotX_prev_close > pivotX_prev_open
pivotX_Demark_X := pivotX_prev_high * 2 + pivotX_prev_low + pivotX_prev_close
array.push(p, pivotX_Demark_X / 4)
array.push(r1, pivotX_Demark_X / 2 - pivotX_prev_low)
array.push(s1, pivotX_Demark_X / 2 - pivotX_prev_high)
camarilla() =>
pivotX_Median = (pivotX_prev_high + pivotX_prev_low + pivotX_prev_close) / 3
pivot_range = pivotX_prev_high - pivotX_prev_low
array.push(p, pivotX_Median)
array.push(r1, pivotX_prev_close + pivot_range * 1.1 / 12.0)
array.push(s1, pivotX_prev_close - pivot_range * 1.1 / 12.0)
array.push(r2, pivotX_prev_close + pivot_range * 1.1 / 6.0)
array.push(s2, pivotX_prev_close - pivot_range * 1.1 / 6.0)
array.push(r3, pivotX_prev_close + pivot_range * 1.1 / 4.0)
array.push(s3, pivotX_prev_close - pivot_range * 1.1 / 4.0)
array.push(r4, pivotX_prev_close + pivot_range * 1.1 / 2.0)
array.push(s4, pivotX_prev_close - pivot_range * 1.1 / 2.0)
resolution = get_pivot_resolution()
[sec_open, sec_high, sec_low, sec_close] = request.security(syminfo.tickerid, resolution, [open, high, low, close], lookahead = barmerge.lookahead_on)
sec_open_gaps_on = request.security(syminfo.tickerid, resolution, open, gaps = barmerge.gaps_on, lookahead = barmerge.lookahead_on)
custom_years_divisor = switch pivot_time_frame
BIYEARLY => 2
TRIYEARLY => 3
QUINQUENNIALLY => 5
DECENNIALLY => 10
=> -1
is_change_years = false
if custom_years_divisor > 0 and ta.change(time(resolution))
is_change_years := year % custom_years_divisor == 0
var is_change = false
var uses_current_bar = timeframe.isintraday and kind == WOODIE
var change_time = int(na)
is_time_change = (ta.change(time(resolution)) and custom_years_divisor == -1) or is_change_years
if is_time_change
change_time := time
if (not uses_current_bar and is_time_change) or (uses_current_bar and not na(sec_open_gaps_on))
if is_daily_based and custom_years_divisor == -1
pivotX_prev_open := sec_open[1]
pivotX_prev_high := sec_high[1]
pivotX_prev_low := sec_low[1]
pivotX_prev_close := sec_close[1]
pivotX_open := sec_open
pivotX_high := sec_high
pivotX_low := sec_low
else
pivotX_prev_high := pivotX_high
pivotX_prev_low := pivotX_low
pivotX_prev_open := pivotX_open
pivotX_open := open
pivotX_high := high
pivotX_low := low
pivotX_prev_close := close[1]
if barstate.islast and not is_change and array.size(arr_time) > 0
array.set(arr_time, array.size(arr_time) - 1, change_time)
else
array.push(arr_time, change_time)
if kind == TRADITIONAL
traditional()
else if kind == FIBONACCI
fibonacci()
else if kind == WOODIE
woodie()
else if kind == CLASSIC
classic()
else if kind == DEMARK
demark()
else if kind == CAMARILLA
camarilla()
if array.size(arr_time) > look_back
if array.size(arr_time) > 0
array.shift(arr_time)
if array.size(p) > 0 and p_show
array.shift(p)
if array.size(r1) > 0 and s1r1_show
array.shift(r1)
if array.size(s1) > 0 and s1r1_show
array.shift(s1)
if array.size(r2) > 0 and s2r2_show
array.shift(r2)
if array.size(s2) > 0 and s2r2_show
array.shift(s2)
if array.size(r3) > 0 and s3r3_show
array.shift(r3)
if array.size(s3) > 0 and s3r3_show
array.shift(s3)
if array.size(r4) > 0 and s4r4_show
array.shift(r4)
if array.size(s4) > 0 and s4r4_show
array.shift(s4)
if array.size(r5) > 0 and s5r5_show
array.shift(r5)
if array.size(s5) > 0 and s5r5_show
array.shift(s5)
is_change := true
else
if is_daily_based and custom_years_divisor == -1
pivotX_high := math.max(pivotX_high, sec_high)
pivotX_low := math.min(pivotX_low, sec_low)
else
pivotX_high := math.max(pivotX_high, high)
pivotX_low := math.min(pivotX_low, low)
if barstate.islast and array.size(arr_time) > 0 and is_change
is_change := false
if array.size(arr_time) > 2 and custom_years_divisor > 0
last_pivot_time = array.get(arr_time, array.size(arr_time) - 1)
prev_pivot_time = array.get(arr_time, array.size(arr_time) - 2)
estimate_pivot_time = last_pivot_time - prev_pivot_time
array.push(arr_time, last_pivot_time + estimate_pivot_time)
else
array.push(arr_time, time_close(resolution))
for i = 0 to array.size(lines) - 1
if array.size(lines) > 0
line.delete(array.shift(lines))
if array.size(lines) > 0
label.delete(array.shift(labels))
for i = 0 to array.size(arr_time) - 2
if array.size(p) > 0 and p_show
draw_line(i, p, p_color)
draw_label(i, array.get(p, i), "P", p_color)
if array.size(r1) > 0 and s1r1_show
draw_line(i, r1, s1r1_color)
draw_label(i, array.get(r1, i), "R1", s1r1_color)
if array.size(s1) > 0 and s1r1_show
draw_line(i, s1, s1r1_color)
draw_label(i, array.get(s1, i), "S1", s1r1_color)
if array.size(r2) > 0 and s2r2_show
draw_line(i, r2, s2r2_color)
draw_label(i, array.get(r2, i), "R2", s2r2_color)
if array.size(s2) > 0 and s2r2_show
draw_line(i, s2, s2r2_color)
draw_label(i, array.get(s2, i), "S2", s2r2_color)
if array.size(r3) > 0 and s3r3_show
draw_line(i, r3, s3r3_color)
draw_label(i, array.get(r3, i), "R3", s3r3_color)
if array.size(s3) > 0 and s3r3_show
draw_line(i, s3, s3r3_color)
draw_label(i, array.get(s3, i), "S3", s3r3_color)
if array.size(r4) > 0 and s4r4_show
draw_line(i, r4, s4r4_color)
draw_label(i, array.get(r4, i), "R4", s4r4_color)
if array.size(s4) > 0 and s4r4_show
draw_line(i, s4, s4r4_color)
draw_label(i, array.get(s4, i), "S4", s4r4_color)
if array.size(r5) > 0 and s5r5_show
draw_line(i, r5, s5r5_color)
draw_label(i, array.get(r5, i), "R5", s5r5_color)
if array.size(s5) > 0 and s5r5_show
draw_line(i, s5, s5r5_color)
draw_label(i, array.get(s5, i), "S5", s5r5_color)
马努
最佳答案
这里有四个运算符需要了解。
=在声明变量时使用。:=用于为已声明的变量分配新值。[]称为历史引用运算符，当您想要访问变量的历史数据时使用。例如，close[1]返回一柱之前的收盘价。nz():用一系列零(或给定值)替换 NaN 值。
现在，让我们看一下以下代码:
pivotX_prev_low = float(na)
pivotX_prev_low := nz(pivotX_prev_low[1])
pivotX_prev_low = float(na):声明一个名为 pivotX_prev_low 的 float 类型新变量，并为其指定 na > 作为初始值。
pivotX_prev_low := nz(pivotX_prev_low[1]):现在将 pivotX_prev_low 的先前值分配给 pivotX_prev_low。
要理解最后一部分，请知道您的脚本将在每个柱上执行。当您从一个小节转到下一个小节时想要获得一些恒定的信息，这就是您(过去)这样做的方式。因为它会不断用之前的值更新它的值，所以它的值会保持不变。
最后，使用 nz() 是因为对于图表的第一个柱，没有历史数据。 [1] 将返回 NaN (请记住，它是第一个柱，因此没有 [1])，这可能会扰乱您的计算.
现在，这是一种传统的方法。从 //@version=4 开始，您可以使用 var 关键字来实现此目的。
var pivotX_prev_low = float(na)
The var keyword declares a variable and initializes it only once. This allows the value of the variable to be automatically saved between bars from the moment of initialization or the last assignment.
因此，在您执行 pivotX_prev_low := newVal 之前，它将保留之前柱线的值。
关于pine-script - Pine 脚本中的变量赋值，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70018714/