c++ - 安装后CUDA编译报错

Question

我想开始使用 C++ 进行 CUDA 编程，并从 Nvidia 官方网站安装了工具包 v9.0。我在 VS 2017 上运行了 deviceQuery.cpp，一切正常:

 CUDA Device Query (Runtime API) version (CUDART static linking)

Detected 1 CUDA Capable device(s)

Device 0: "GeForce GTX 960M"
  CUDA Driver Version / Runtime Version          9.0 / 9.0
  CUDA Capability Major/Minor version number:    5.0
  Total amount of global memory:                 2048 MBytes (2147483648 bytes)
  ( 5) Multiprocessors, (128) CUDA Cores/MP:     640 CUDA Cores
  GPU Max Clock rate:                            1176 MHz (1.18 GHz)
  Memory Clock rate:                             2505 Mhz
  Memory Bus Width:                              128-bit
  L2 Cache Size:                                 2097152 bytes
  Maximum Texture Dimension Size (x,y,z)         1D=(65536), 2D=(65536, 65536), 3D=(4096, 4096, 4096)
  Maximum Layered 1D Texture Size, (num) layers  1D=(16384), 2048 layers
  Maximum Layered 2D Texture Size, (num) layers  2D=(16384, 16384), 2048 layers
  Total amount of constant memory:               65536 bytes
  Total amount of shared memory per block:       49152 bytes
  Total number of registers available per block: 65536
  Warp size:                                     32
  Maximum number of threads per multiprocessor:  2048
  Maximum number of threads per block:           1024
  Max dimension size of a thread block (x,y,z): (1024, 1024, 64)
  Max dimension size of a grid size    (x,y,z): (2147483647, 65535, 65535)
  Maximum memory pitch:                          2147483647 bytes
  Texture alignment:                             512 bytes
  Concurrent copy and kernel execution:          Yes with 1 copy engine(s)
  Run time limit on kernels:                     Yes
  Integrated GPU sharing Host Memory:            No
  Support host page-locked memory mapping:       Yes
  Alignment requirement for Surfaces:            Yes
  Device has ECC support:                        Disabled
  CUDA Device Driver Mode (TCC or WDDM):         WDDM (Windows Display Driver Model)
  Device supports Unified Addressing (UVA):      Yes
  Supports Cooperative Kernel Launch:            No
  Supports MultiDevice Co-op Kernel Launch:      No
  Device PCI Domain ID / Bus ID / location ID:   0 / 1 / 0
  Compute Mode:
     < Default (multiple host threads can use ::cudaSetDevice() with device simultaneously) >

deviceQuery, CUDA Driver = CUDART, CUDA Driver Version = 9.0, CUDA Runtime Version = 9.0, NumDevs = 1
Result = PASS

---

然后我尝试运行 bandwidthTest.cu，但出现了一些编译错误:

Severity    Code    Description File    Line    Category    Suppression State
Error       expression must have a constant value   C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.12.25827\include\type_traits 504     
Error       expression must have a constant value   C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.12.25827\include\type_traits 505     
Error       expression must have a constant value   C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.12.25827\include\type_traits 506     
Error       expression must have a constant value   C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.12.25827\include\type_traits 538     
Error       expression must have a constant value   C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.12.25827\include\type_traits 1043        
Error       expression must have a constant value   C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.12.25827\include\type_traits 1558        
Error       expression must have a constant value   C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.12.25827\include\type_traits 2371        
Error       expression must have a constant value   C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.12.25827\include\type_traits 2371        
Error       expression must have a constant value   C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.12.25827\include\xutility    543     
Error       class "std::enable_if<<error-constant>, int>" has no member "type"  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.12.25827\include\xtr1common  58      
Error       expression must have a constant value   C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.12.25827\include\xutility    3135        
Error       expression must have a constant value   C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.12.25827\include\xutility    3662        
Error       class "std::enable_if<<error-constant>, void>" has no member "type" C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.12.25827\include\xtr1common  58      
Error       expression must have a constant value   C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.12.25827\include\xmemory0    390     
Error       expression must have a constant value   C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.12.25827\include\xmemory0    1002        
Error       expression must have a constant value   C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.12.25827\include\xmemory0    1322        
Error       expression must have a constant value   C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.12.25827\include\xstring 1718        
Error       expression must have a constant value   C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.12.25827\include\xutility    298     
Error       expression must have a constant value   C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.12.25827\include\vector  495     
Error       expression must have a constant value   C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.12.25827\include\algorithm   278     
Error       expression must have a constant value   C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.12.25827\include\memory  1540        
Error       expression must have a constant value   C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.12.25827\include\memory  1547        
Error       constant value is not known C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.12.25827\include\memory  2482        
Error       expression must have a constant value   C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.12.25827\include\memory  2582        
Error       more than one instance of overloaded function "std::_Deallocate_plain" matches the argument list:   C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.12.25827\include\xstring 1780        
Error       more than one instance of overloaded function "std::_Deallocate_plain" matches the argument list:   C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.12.25827\include\xstring 1780        
Error       more than one instance of overloaded function "std::_Deallocate_plain" matches the argument list:   C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.12.25827\include\xstring 1780        
Error       more than one instance of overloaded function "std::_Deallocate_plain" matches the argument list:   C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.12.25827\include\xstring 1780        
Error   MSB3721 The command ""C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v9.0\bin\nvcc.exe" -gencode=arch=compute_30,code=\"sm_30,compute_30\" -gencode=arch=compute_35,code=\"sm_35,compute_35\" -gencode=arch=compute_37,code=\"sm_37,compute_37\" -gencode=arch=compute_50,code=\"sm_50,compute_50\" -gencode=arch=compute_52,code=\"sm_52,compute_52\" -gencode=arch=compute_60,code=\"sm_60,compute_60\" -gencode=arch=compute_70,code=\"sm_70,compute_70\" --use-local-env --cl-version 2017 -ccbin "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.12.25827\bin\HostX86\x64" -x cu  -I./ -I../../common/inc -I./ -I"C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v9.0\/include" -I../../common/inc -I"C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v9.0\include"  -G   --keep-dir x64\Debug -maxrregcount=0  --machine 64 --compile -cudart static -Xcompiler "/wd 4819" -g   -DWIN32 -DWIN32 -D_MBCS -D_MBCS -Xcompiler "/EHsc /W3 /nologo /Od /FS /Zi /RTC1 /MTd " -o x64/Debug/bandwidthTest.cu.obj "C:\ProgramData\NVIDIA Corporation\CUDA Samples\v9.0\1_Utilities\bandwidthTest\bandwidthTest.cu"" exited with code 1. C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\Common7\IDE\VC\VCTargets\BuildCustomizations\CUDA 9.0.targets 707 

我只是在安装工具包后编译 1_Utilities 中现有的 bandwidth.cu，我使用的是 VS 2017。我在 Internet 上搜索了很长时间的解决方案，但我似乎找不到任何东西。感谢您的帮助。

编辑:我已经安装了并行 MSVC 工具集:https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/vcblog/2017/11/15/side-by-side-minor-version-msvc-toolsets-in-visual-studio-2017/

现在我的大部分错误都消失了，但最后一个错误仍然存​​在(长错误)。这似乎是另一种错误。

编辑 2:似乎是命令行中的 -Bv 行造成了错误。我删除了它，现在我所有的项目都编译成功了。这似乎是新版 VC++ 的一个错误，可能很快就会修复。

Answer 1

总结一下我所做的: 在 Visual Studio 2017 安装程序中选择修改，然后点击顶部的独立组件，向下滚动到编译器、构建工具和运行时并选中< strong>VC++ 2017 版本 15.4 v14.11 工具集(也将检查 Visual C++ 2017 Redistributable Update)，然后对其进行修改。之后，您将前往特定位置。对我来说，它在这里:

C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\14.11

并将以 .props 结尾的文件复制到您的解决方案中。在 VS 中，右键单击您的项目，选择卸载项目，然后再次右键单击以选择Edit -project name-。在这里你寻找说

的行

<Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props" />

在你添加的那一行之上

<Import Project="$(SolutionDir)\Microsoft.VCToolsVersion.14.11.props" />

您保存文件并重新加载项目，您应该一切顺利。