我正在尝试编译并运行来自 https://docs.python.org/3/extending/embedding.html#very-high-level-embedding 的示例, 但失败了。
我的环境是Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS,系统自带python3.8(静态构建),安装了libpython3-dev
和libpython3.8-dev
包。
我尝试过的:
主.c:
#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
#include <Python.h>
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
wchar_t *program = Py_DecodeLocale(argv[0], NULL);
if (program == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "Fatal error: cannot decode argv[0]\n");
exit(1);
}
Py_SetProgramName(program); /* optional but recommended */
Py_Initialize();
PyRun_SimpleString("from time import time,ctime\n"
"print('Today is', ctime(time()))\n");
if (Py_FinalizeEx() < 0) {
exit(120);
}
PyMem_RawFree(program);
return 0;
}
来自 https://docs.python.org/3/extending/embedding.html#compiling-and-linking-under-unix-like-systems , 获取 gcc
标志。
tian@tian-B250M-Wind:~$ python3-config --cflags
-I/usr/include/python3.8 -I/usr/include/python3.8 -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python3.8-4wuY7n/python3.8-3.8.10=. -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-compile.specs -fstack-protector -Wformat -Werror=format-security -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall
tian@tian-B250M-Wind:~$ python3-config --ldflags
-L/usr/lib/python3.8/config-3.8-x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib -lcrypt -lpthread -ldl -lutil -lm -lm
(我不知道为什么 python3-config
输出有一些重复的值,这不是打字错误)
gcc {copy cflags output} -o main main.c/path_to_libpython/libpython3.8.a {copy ld flags output}
:
gcc -I/usr/include/python3.8 -I/usr/include/python3.8 -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python3.8-4wuY7n/python3.8-3.8.10=. -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-compile.specs -fstack-protector -Wformat -Werror=format-security -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -o main main.c /usr/lib/python3.8/config-3.8-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.8.a -L/usr/lib/python3.8/config-3.8-x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib -lcrypt -lpthread -ldl -lutil -lm -lm
make test1
报错,几乎都与-fPIE
错误有关:
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/ccdMZ2Yk.o: relocation R_X86_64_32 against `.rodata.str1.8' can not be used when making a PIE object; recompile with -fPIE
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/python3.8/config-3.8-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.8.a(obmalloc.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against `.text.hot' can not be used when making a PIE object; recompile with -fPIE
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/python3.8/config-3.8-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.8.a(initconfig.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against symbol `_PyRuntime' can not be used when making a PIE object; recompile with -fPIE
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/python3.8/config-3.8-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.8.a(pathconfig.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against symbol `_Py_path_config' can not be used when making a PIE object; recompile with -fPIE
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/python3.8/config-3.8-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.8.a(preconfig.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against `.rodata.str1.1' can not be used when making a PIE object; recompile with -fPIE
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/python3.8/config-3.8-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.8.a(pylifecycle.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against symbol `_PyRuntime' can not be used when making a PIE object; recompile with -fPIE
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/python3.8/config-3.8-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.8.a(pystate.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against `.rodata.str1.8' can not be used when making a PIE object; recompile with -fPIE
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/python3.8/config-3.8-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.8.a(pythonrun.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against symbol `_PyParser_Grammar' can not be used when making a PIE object; recompile with -fPIE
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/python3.8/config-3.8-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.8.a(pytime.o): relocation R_X86_64_32S against symbol `PyFloat_Type' can not be used when making a PIE object; recompile with -fPIE
.....
我看到有一个 /usr/lib/python3.8/config-3.8-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.8-pic.a
并尝试链接它但也失败了( log ).
后来我尝试了一个带有 share build python 的 Docker 镜像(python:3.10.5-bullseye
)并成功了。
root@tian-B250M-Wind:/# python3-config --cflags
-I/usr/local/include/python3.10 -I/usr/local/include/python3.10 -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall
root@tian-B250M-Wind:/# python3-config --ldflags
-L/usr/local/lib -lcrypt -lpthread -ldl -lutil -lm -lm
gcc -I/usr/local/include/python3.10 -I/usr/local/include/python3.10 -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -o main main.c -L/usr/local/lib -lcrypt -lpthread -ldl -lutil -lm -lm -lpython3.10
(我在最后加了-lpython3.10
)
它编译并 ./main
:
root@tian-B250M-Wind:/# ./main
Today is Thu Jul 14 10:39:20 2022
我编译的ubuntu系统自带的python3.8有什么问题吗?
无论如何,我只是想验证我可以链接静态 python 库 libpythonx.y.a
。因此,如果有人可以在新安装的机器上或使用非系统附带的 python(例如,自建静态 python)来实现这一点,我想尝试一下。
最佳答案
问题
打印 gcc -v
的输出。您将在“Configured With”中找到标志 --enable-default-pie
。 PIE(位置独立可执行文件)默认启用。
您包含的预编译对象不是在启用 PIE 的情况下构建的(python 3.8),因此如果您选择在系统上使用已安装的 Python,则必须禁用 PIE 才能编译您的代码。
您在 Docker 中没有遇到此问题的原因是您正在构建不同版本的预编译 python 3.10,它确实启用了 PIE。
解决方案1
要么,在 Makefile 中的 LDFlags
中添加标志 -no-pie
;
或者,在编译期间将 -no-pie
传递给 gcc
。
解决方案2
在启用 PIE 标志的系统上编译所需的 Python,然后使用通过 PIE 编译的新 Python 编译代码。
引用资料
https://docs.python.org/3/extending/embedding.html#very-high-level-embedding https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/position-independent-executables-pie https://linuxtut.com/en/4fc41123ed41cf443a6b/
关于python - 编译官方文档 "Embedding Python in Another Application"示例失败,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/72979290/