在 hellowebapp.com 上工作
请使用 Django 测试客户端发布请求帮助测试有效的表单发布？
response = self.client.post('/accounts/create_thing/', { 'name': dummy_thing.name, 'description': dummy_thing.description, })
这是测试用例代码片段:
from django.test import TestCase, RequestFactory
from django.contrib.auth.models import AnonymousUser, User
from collection.models import Thing
from .views import *
from collection.forms import ThingForm
class SampleTest(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
# Every test needs access to the request factory.
self.factory = RequestFactory()
self.dummy_user = User.objects.create_user(username='dummy', password='nothings')
self.dummy_thing = Thing.objects.create(name="Dummy Book",
description="Book For Dummies.",
slug="dummy-book",
user=self.dummy_user)
def test_form(self):
dummy_thing = Thing.objects.get(name="Dummy Book")
form = ThingForm(instance=dummy_thing)
self.assertFalse(form.is_valid()) # No data has been supplied yet.
form = ThingForm({ 'name': dummy_thing.name, 'description': dummy_thing.description, }, instance=dummy_thing)
self.assertTrue(form.is_valid())
def test_form_post(self):
dummy_thing = Thing.objects.get(name="Dummy Book")
self.client.login(username=dummy_thing.user.username, password='nothings')
# Test POST invalid data
response = self.client.post('/accounts/create_thing/', { })
self.assertFormError(response, 'form', 'name', 'This field is required.')
self.assertFormError(response, 'form', 'description', 'This field is required.')
self.assertTemplateUsed(response, 'things/create_thing.html')
self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
# Test POST valid data?
# response = self.client.post('/accounts/create_thing/', { 'name': dummy_thing.name, 'description': dummy_thing.description, })
# self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
这是模型
class Thing(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=255)
description = models.TextField()
slug = models.SlugField(unique=True)
user = models.OneToOneField(User, blank=True, null=True)
注:user = models.OneToOneField(User, blank=True, null=True)
“Thing.user”必须是“User”实例。
列 user_id 必须是唯一的。
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
from django.http import Http404
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from django.template.defaultfilters import slugify
from collection.forms import ThingForm
from collection.models import Thing
def index(request):
things = Thing.objects.all()
return render(request, 'index.html', {
'things': things,
})
def thing_detail(request, slug):
# grab the object...
thing = Thing.objects.get(slug=slug)
# and pass to the template
return render(request, 'things/thing_detail.html', {
'thing': thing,
})
@login_required
def edit_thing(request, slug):
# grab the object...
thing = Thing.objects.get(slug=slug)
# grab the current logged in user and make sure they're the owner of the thing
if thing.user != request.user:
raise Http404
# set the form we're using...
form_class = ThingForm
# if we're coming to this view from a submitted form,
if request.method == 'POST':
# grab the data from the submitted form
form = form_class(data=request.POST, instance=thing)
if form.is_valid():
# save the new data
form.save()
return redirect('thing_detail', slug=thing.slug)
# otherwise just create the form
else:
form = form_class(instance=thing)
# and render the template
return render(request, 'things/edit_thing.html', {
'thing': thing,
'form': form,
})
def create_thing(request):
form_class = ThingForm
# if we're coming from a submitted form, do this
if request.method == 'POST':
# grab the data from the submitted form and apply to the form
form = form_class(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
# create an instance but do not save yet
thing = form.save(commit=False)
# set the additional details
thing.user = request.user
thing.slug = slugify(thing.name)
# save the object
thing.save()
# redirect to our newly created thing
return redirect('thing_detail', slug=thing.slug)
# otherwise just create the form
else:
form = form_class()
return render(request, 'things/create_thing.html', {
'form': form,
})
def browse_by_name(request, initial=None):
if initial:
things = Thing.objects.filter(
name__istartswith=initial).order_by('name')
else:
things = Thing.objects.all().order_by('name')
return render(request, 'search/search.html', {
'things': things,
'initial': initial,
})
这是错误:
$ python manage.py test
.ECreating test database for alias 'default'...
Destroying test database for alias 'default'...
======================================================================
ERROR: test_form_post (collection.tests.SampleTest)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "E:\Working\Python\Django\Python2.7\Hello-Web-App\GitHub\Test\hellowebapp-code-master\collection\tests.py", line 36, in test_form_post
response = self.client.post('/accounts/create_thing/', { 'name': dummy_thing.name, 'description': dummy_thing.description, })
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\test\client.py", line 541, in post
secure=secure, **extra)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\test\client.py", line 343, in post
secure=secure, **extra)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\test\client.py", line 409, in generic
return self.request(**r)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\test\client.py", line 494, in request
six.reraise(*exc_info)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py", line 39, in inner
response = get_response(request)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 249, in _legacy_get_response
response = self._get_response(request)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 187, in _get_response
response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 185, in _get_response
response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
File "E:\Working\Python\Django\Python2.7\Hello-Web-App\GitHub\Test\hellowebapp-code-master\collection\views.py", line 77, in create_thing
thing.save()
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 796, in save
force_update=force_update, update_fields=update_fields)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 824, in save_base
updated = self._save_table(raw, cls, force_insert, force_update, using, update_fields)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 908, in _save_table
result = self._do_insert(cls._base_manager, using, fields, update_pk, raw)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 947, in _do_insert
using=using, raw=raw)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\manager.py", line 85, in manager_method
return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 1043, in _insert
return query.get_compiler(using=using).execute_sql(return_id)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\sql\compiler.py", line 1054, in execute_sql
cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 64, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 94, in __exit__
six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, traceback)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 64, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\sqlite3\base.py", line 337, in execute
return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params)
IntegrityError: column user_id is not unique
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 2 tests in 0.687s
FAILED (errors=1)
此外，尝试了 Django shell 也是徒劳:
$ winpty python manage.py shell
Python 2.7.11 (v2.7.11:6d1b6a68f775, Dec 5 2015, 20:40:30) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
(InteractiveConsole)
>>> from django.test import Client
>>> csrf_client = Client(enforce_csrf_checks=True)
>>> c.login(username="dummy", password='nothings')
>>> c = Client()
>>> c.login(username="dummy", password='nothings')
True
>>> response = c.post('http://127.0.0.1:8000/accounts/create_thing/', { 'name': 'dummy book', 'description': 'book for dummies' })
Internal Server Error: /accounts/create_thing/
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py", line 39, in inner
response = get_response(request)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 249, in _legacy_get_response
response = self._get_response(request)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 187, in _get_response
response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 185, in _get_response
response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
File "E:\Working\Python\Django\Python2.7\Hello-Web-App\GitHub\Test\hellowebapp-code-master\collection\views.py", line 77, in create_thing
thing.save()
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 796, in save
force_update=force_update, update_fields=update_fields)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 824, in save_base
updated = self._save_table(raw, cls, force_insert, force_update, using, update_fields)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 908, in _save_table
result = self._do_insert(cls._base_manager, using, fields, update_pk, raw)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 947, in _do_insert
using=using, raw=raw)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\manager.py", line 85, in manager_method
return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 1043, in _insert
return query.get_compiler(using=using).execute_sql(return_id)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\sql\compiler.py", line 1054, in execute_sql
cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 79, in execute
return super(CursorDebugWrapper, self).execute(sql, params)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 64, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 94, in __exit__
six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, traceback)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 64, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\sqlite3\base.py", line 337, in execute
return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params)
IntegrityError: column user_id is not unique
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<console>", line 1, in <module>
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\test\client.py", line 541, in post
secure=secure, **extra)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\test\client.py", line 343, in post
secure=secure, **extra)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\test\client.py", line 409, in generic
return self.request(**r)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\test\client.py", line 494, in request
six.reraise(*exc_info)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py", line 39, in inner
response = get_response(request)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 249, in _legacy_get_response
response = self._get_response(request)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 187, in _get_response
response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 185, in _get_response
response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
File "E:\Working\Python\Django\Python2.7\Hello-Web-App\GitHub\Test\hellowebapp-code-master\collection\views.py", line 77, in create_thing
thing.save()
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 796, in save
force_update=force_update, update_fields=update_fields)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 824, in save_base
updated = self._save_table(raw, cls, force_insert, force_update, using, update_fields)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 908, in _save_table
result = self._do_insert(cls._base_manager, using, fields, update_pk, raw)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 947, in _do_insert
using=using, raw=raw)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\manager.py", line 85, in manager_method
return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 1043, in _insert
return query.get_compiler(using=using).execute_sql(return_id)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\sql\compiler.py", line 1054, in execute_sql
cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 79, in execute
return super(CursorDebugWrapper, self).execute(sql, params)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 64, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 94, in __exit__
six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, traceback)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 64, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\sqlite3\base.py", line 337, in execute
return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params)
IntegrityError: column user_id is not unique
>>> from django.contrib.auth.models import User
>>> users = User.objects.all()
>>> users[1]
<User: dummy>
>>> response = c.post('http://127.0.0.1:8000/accounts/create_thing/', { 'name': 'dummy book', 'description': 'book for dummies', 'user_id': users[1].id })
Internal Server Error: /accounts/create_thing/
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py", line 39, in inner
response = get_response(request)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 249, in _legacy_get_response
response = self._get_response(request)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 187, in _get_response
response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 185, in _get_response
response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
File "E:\Working\Python\Django\Python2.7\Hello-Web-App\GitHub\Test\hellowebapp-code-master\collection\views.py", line 77, in create_thing
thing.save()
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 796, in save
force_update=force_update, update_fields=update_fields)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 824, in save_base
updated = self._save_table(raw, cls, force_insert, force_update, using, update_fields)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 908, in _save_table
result = self._do_insert(cls._base_manager, using, fields, update_pk, raw)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 947, in _do_insert
using=using, raw=raw)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\manager.py", line 85, in manager_method
return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 1043, in _insert
return query.get_compiler(using=using).execute_sql(return_id)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\sql\compiler.py", line 1054, in execute_sql
cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 79, in execute
return super(CursorDebugWrapper, self).execute(sql, params)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 64, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 94, in __exit__
six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, traceback)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 64, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\sqlite3\base.py", line 337, in execute
return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params)
IntegrityError: column user_id is not unique
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<console>", line 1, in <module>
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\test\client.py", line 541, in post
secure=secure, **extra)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\test\client.py", line 343, in post
secure=secure, **extra)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\test\client.py", line 409, in generic
return self.request(**r)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\test\client.py", line 494, in request
six.reraise(*exc_info)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py", line 39, in inner
response = get_response(request)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 249, in _legacy_get_response
response = self._get_response(request)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 187, in _get_response
response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 185, in _get_response
response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
File "E:\Working\Python\Django\Python2.7\Hello-Web-App\GitHub\Test\hellowebapp-code-master\collection\views.py", line 77, in create_thing
thing.save()
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 796, in save
force_update=force_update, update_fields=update_fields)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 824, in save_base
updated = self._save_table(raw, cls, force_insert, force_update, using, update_fields)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 908, in _save_table
result = self._do_insert(cls._base_manager, using, fields, update_pk, raw)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 947, in _do_insert
using=using, raw=raw)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\manager.py", line 85, in manager_method
return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 1043, in _insert
return query.get_compiler(using=using).execute_sql(return_id)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\sql\compiler.py", line 1054, in execute_sql
cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 79, in execute
return super(CursorDebugWrapper, self).execute(sql, params)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 64, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 94, in __exit__
six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, traceback)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 64, in execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\sqlite3\base.py", line 337, in execute
return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params)
IntegrityError: column user_id is not unique
>>>exit()
谢谢
最佳答案
发生这种情况是因为您有 OneToOneField，因为您的每个新 Thing 都必须连接到之前未选择的 User。所以因为你已经有 dummy_thing 和 dummy_user 作为 User，你不能用相同的 Thing 保存新的实例 虚拟用户。
我相信你的意图是每个 Thing 都有一个 User，所以你应该使用 ForeignKey 而不是 OneToOneField.
但如果我错了，如果你真的需要 OneToOneField，那么要测试你的 POST 请求，只需创建新用户并以新用户身份登录，然后 thing.user = request.user 将采用 dummy_user2 并且不会与唯一值发生冲突。
class SampleTest(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
# Every test needs access to the request factory.
self.factory = RequestFactory()
self.dummy_user = User.objects.create_user(username='dummy', password='nothings')
self.dummy_thing = Thing.objects.create(name="Dummy Book",
description="Book For Dummies.",
slug="dummy-book",
user=self.dummy_user)
self.dummy_user2 = User.objects.create_user(username='dummy2', password='nothing')
def test_form_post(self):
dummy_thing = Thing.objects.get(name="Dummy Book")
self.client.login(username=dummy_thing2.user.username, password='nothing')
# Test POST invalid data
response = self.client.post('/accounts/create_thing/', { })
self.assertFormError(response, 'form', 'name', 'This field is required.')
self.assertFormError(response, 'form', 'description', 'This field is required.')
self.assertTemplateUsed(response, 'things/create_thing.html')
self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
# Test POST valid data?
response = self.client.post('/accounts/create_thing/', { 'name': 'new name', 'description': 'new description', })
self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
关于python - Django django.test 客户端post请求，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/40005411/