以前我想递归克隆对象时遇到问题。 我知道克隆对象的简单方法是这样的:
obj = Foo.objects.get(pk=<some_existing_pk>)
obj.pk = None
obj.save()
但是,我想做的更深入。例如,我有一个 models.py
class Post(TimeStampedModel):
author = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name='posts',
on_delete=models.CASCADE)
title = models.CharField(_('Title'), max_length=200)
content = models.TextField(_('Content'))
...
class Comment(TimeStampedModel):
author = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name='comments',
on_delete=models.CASCADE)
post = models.ForeignKey(Post, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
comment = models.TextField(_('Comment'))
...
class CommentAttribute(TimeStampedModel):
comment = models.OneToOneField(Comment, related_name='comment_attribute',
on_delete=models.CASCADE)
is_bookmark = models.BooleanField(default=False)
...
class PostComment(TimeStampedModel):
post = models.ForeignKey(Post, related_name='post_comments',
on_delete=models.CASCADE)
comments = models.ManyToManyField(Comment)
...
When I clone the parent object from
Post
, the child objects likeComment
,CommentAttribute
andPostComment
will also cloned by following new clonedPost
objects. The child models are dynamically. So, I want to make it simple by creating the tool like object cloner.
下面的这段代码是我所做的;
from django.db.utils import IntegrityError
class ObjectCloner(object):
"""
[1]. The simple way with global configuration:
>>> cloner = ObjectCloner()
>>> cloner.set_objects = [obj1, obj2] # or can be queryset
>>> cloner.include_childs = True
>>> cloner.max_clones = 1
>>> cloner.execute()
[2]. Clone the objects with custom configuration per-each objects.
>>> cloner = ObjectCloner()
>>> cloner.set_objects = [
{
'object': obj1,
'include_childs': True,
'max_clones': 2
},
{
'object': obj2,
'include_childs': False,
'max_clones': 1
}
]
>>> cloner.execute()
"""
set_objects = [] # list/queryset of objects to clone.
include_childs = True # include all their childs or not.
max_clones = 1 # maximum clone per-objects.
def clone_object(self, object):
"""
function to clone the object.
:param `object` is an object to clone, e.g: <Post: object(1)>
:return new object.
"""
try:
object.pk = None
object.save()
return object
except IntegrityError:
return None
def clone_childs(self, object):
"""
function to clone all childs of current `object`.
:param `object` is a cloned parent object, e.g: <Post: object(1)>
:return
"""
# bypass the none object.
if object is None:
return
# find the related objects contains with this current object.
# e.g: (<ManyToOneRel: app.comment>,)
related_objects = object._meta.related_objects
if len(related_objects) > 0:
for relation in related_objects:
# find the related field name in the child object, e.g: 'post'
remote_field_name = relation.remote_field.name
# find all childs who have the same parent.
# e.g: childs = Comment.objects.filter(post=object)
childs = relation.related_model.objects.all()
for old_child in childs:
new_child = self.clone_object(old_child)
if new_child is not None:
# FIXME: When the child field as M2M field, we gote this error.
# "TypeError: Direct assignment to the forward side of a many-to-many set is prohibited. Use comments.set() instead."
# how can I clone that M2M values?
setattr(new_child, remote_field_name, object)
new_child.save()
self.clone_childs(new_child)
return
def execute(self):
include_childs = self.include_childs
max_clones = self.max_clones
new_objects = []
for old_object in self.set_objects:
# custom per-each objects by using dict {}.
if isinstance(old_object, dict):
include_childs = old_object.get('include_childs', True)
max_clones = old_object.get('max_clones', 1)
old_object = old_object.get('object') # assigned as object or None.
for _ in range(max_clones):
new_object = self.clone_object(old_object)
if new_object is not None:
if include_childs:
self.clone_childs(new_object)
new_objects.append(new_object)
return new_objects
但是,问题是当子字段作为 M2M 字段时,我们得到了这个错误。
>>> cloner.set_objects = [post]
>>> cloner.execute()
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<console>", line 1, in <module>
File "/home/agus/envs/env-django-cloner/django-object-cloner/object_cloner_demo/app/utils.py", line 114, in execute
self.clone_childs(new_object)
File "/home/agus/envs/env-django-cloner/django-object-cloner/object_cloner_demo/app/utils.py", line 79, in clone_childs
self.clone_childs(new_child)
File "/home/agus/envs/env-django-cloner/django-object-cloner/object_cloner_demo/app/utils.py", line 76, in clone_childs
setattr(new_child, remote_field_name, object)
File "/home/agus/envs/env-django-cloner/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/related_descriptors.py", line 546, in __set__
% self._get_set_deprecation_msg_params(),
TypeError: Direct assignment to the forward side of a many-to-many set is prohibited. Use comments.set() instead.
>>>
错误来自 setattr(...)
和 “改用 comments.set()”,但我仍然对如何更新 m2m 值感到困惑?
new_child = self.clone_object(old_child)
if new_child is not None:
setattr(new_child, remote_field_name, object)
new_child.save()
我也试过下面这个片段,但仍然有一个错误。克隆的 m2m 对象很多且未填充到 m2m 值中。
if new_child is not None:
# check the object_type
object_type = getattr(new_child, remote_field_name)
if hasattr(object_type, 'pk'):
# this mean is `object_type` as real object.
# so, we can directly use the `setattr(...)`
# to update the old relation value with new relation value.
setattr(new_child, remote_field_name, object)
elif hasattr(object_type, '_queryset_class'):
# this mean is `object_type` as m2m queryset (ManyRelatedManager).
# django.db.models.fields.related_descriptors.\
# create_forward_many_to_many_manager.<locals>.ManyRelatedManager
# check the old m2m values, and assign into new object.
# FIXME: IN THIS CASE STILL GOT AN ERROR
old_m2m_values = getattr(old_child, remote_field_name).all()
object_type.add(*old_m2m_values)
new_child.save()
最佳答案
我试图用一些有效的代码来解决这个有趣的问题......这比我最初想象的要难!
我偏离了您最初的解决方案,因为我在遵循 ObjectCloner 逻辑时遇到了一些困难。
下面给出了我能想到的最简单的解决方案;我没有使用类,而是选择了一个辅助函数 clone_object(),它处理单个对象。
您当然可以使用第二个函数来处理对象列表或查询集,方法是扫描序列并多次调用 clone_object()。
def clone_object(obj, attrs={}):
# we start by building a "flat" clone
clone = obj._meta.model.objects.get(pk=obj.pk)
clone.pk = None
# if caller specified some attributes to be overridden,
# use them
for key, value in attrs.items():
setattr(clone, key, value)
# save the partial clone to have a valid ID assigned
clone.save()
# Scan field to further investigate relations
fields = clone._meta.get_fields()
for field in fields:
# Manage M2M fields by replicating all related records
# found on parent "obj" into "clone"
if not field.auto_created and field.many_to_many:
for row in getattr(obj, field.name).all():
getattr(clone, field.name).add(row)
# Manage 1-N and 1-1 relations by cloning child objects
if field.auto_created and field.is_relation:
if field.many_to_many:
# do nothing
pass
else:
# provide "clone" object to replace "obj"
# on remote field
attrs = {
field.remote_field.name: clone
}
children = field.related_model.objects.filter(**{field.remote_field.name: obj})
for child in children:
clone_object(child, attrs)
return clone
使用 Python 3.7.6 和 Django 3.0.6 测试的 POC 示例项目已保存在 github 上的公共(public)存储库中:
关于python - Django 克隆递归对象,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/61584535/