r - 如何每月汇总每日数据，使用 dplyr 和 lubridate，只有每月少于 10 天是 NA？

Question

我有从 1955 年到 2017 年不同地点的每日气象数据(温度和降水量)，我想将每个变量汇总为月平均值，但前提是每个月的 NA 数量小于10.

我以四个月的温度数据为例(第 1 个月:1 NA，第 2 个月(31 天):30 NA，第 3 个月:0 NA，第 4 个月:所有数据为 NA):

library(dplyr)
library(lubridate)    
exmpldf <- data.frame(DATE = c("1955-06-01", "1955-06-02", "1955-06-03", "1955-06-04", "1955-06-05", "1955-06-06", "1955-06-07", "1955-06-08", "1955-06-09", "1955-06-10", 
                                    "1955-06-11", "1955-06-12", "1955-06-13", "1955-06-14", "1955-06-15", "1955-06-16", "1955-06-17", "1955-06-18", "1955-06-19", "1955-06-20", 
                                    "1955-06-21", "1955-06-22", "1955-06-23", "1955-06-24", "1955-06-25", "1955-06-26", "1955-06-27", "1955-06-28", "1955-06-29", "1955-06-30", 
                                    "1955-07-01", "1955-07-02", "1955-07-03", "1955-07-04", "1955-07-05", "1955-07-06", "1955-07-07", "1955-07-08", "1955-07-09", "1955-07-10", 
                                    "1955-07-11", "1955-07-12", "1955-07-13", "1955-07-14", "1955-07-15", "1955-07-16", "1955-07-17", "1955-07-18", "1955-07-19", "1955-07-20", 
                                    "1955-07-21", "1955-07-22", "1955-07-23", "1955-07-24", "1955-07-25", "1955-07-26", "1955-07-27", "1955-07-28", "1955-07-29", "1955-07-30", 
                                    "1955-07-31", "1955-08-01", "1955-08-02", "1955-08-03", "1955-08-04", "1955-08-05", "1955-08-06", "1955-08-07", "1955-08-08", "1955-08-09", 
                                    "1955-08-10", "1955-08-11", "1955-08-12", "1955-08-13", "1955-08-14", "1955-08-15", "1955-08-16", "1955-08-17", "1955-08-18", "1955-08-19", 
                                    "1955-08-20", "1955-08-21", "1955-08-22", "1955-08-23", "1955-08-24", "1955-08-25", "1955-08-26", "1955-08-27", "1955-08-28", "1955-08-29", 
                                    "1955-08-30", "1955-08-31", "1955-09-01", "1955-09-02", "1955-09-03", "1955-09-04", "1955-09-05", "1955-09-06", "1955-09-07", "1955-09-08", 
                                    "1955-09-09", "1955-09-10", "1955-09-11", "1955-09-12", "1955-09-13", "1955-09-14", "1955-09-15", "1955-09-16", "1955-09-17", "1955-09-18", 
                                    "1955-09-19", "1955-09-20", "1955-09-21", "1955-09-22", "1955-09-23", "1955-09-24", "1955-09-25", "1955-09-26", "1955-09-27", "1955-09-28", 
                                    "1955-09-29", "1955-09-30"), 
                          TMAX = c(NA, 20, 27, 17,  26.5, 27, 17, 26.5, 20, 23, 23, 21.5, 24, 26.5, 27, 27, 26.5, 24.5, 23, 22.5, 24, 23, 21.5, 25, 26.5, 23, 
                           24, 23.5, 23, 23, 23, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
                           NA, 24, 22, 21, 17, 17, 17, 21.5, 22, 22, 22.5, 22.5, 16.5, 20.5, 17.5, 23, 17, 21, 21.5, 21, 21, 20, 22, 22, 22, 21.5, 21.5, 21.5, 22.5, 20, 
                           21, 20, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA))

对于月度汇总，我使用 mutate 创建了一个列“MONTH”和一个列“YEAR”

exmpldf <- exmpldf %>%
  mutate(month(DATE), year(DATE))
names(exmpldf) <- c("DATE", "TMAX", "MONTH", "YEAR")

为了创建月平均值，我使用了summarize:

exmpldfmeanMonth <- exmpldf %>%
  group_by(MONTH, YEAR) %>%
  summarise(TMAX = mean(TMAX))

问题是，在我的时间序列(1955-2017)中，有许多月份至少有 1 个每日数据为 NA，而其他月份的所有或几乎所有每日数据为 NA，无论如何，月平均值是不适用:

> exmpldfmeanMonth
# A tibble: 4 x 3
# Groups:   MONTH [4]
  MONTH  YEAR  TMAX
  <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
1     6  1955  NA   (1 day is NA)
2     7  1955  NA   (all days but 1, are NA)
3     8  1955  20.7 (no NAs)
4     9  1955  NA   (all days are NA)

您可以添加 na.rm = T 但即使每个月只有一个数据，它也会计算平均值:

exmpldfmeanMonth <- exmpldf %>%
  group_by(MONTH, YEAR) %>%
  summarise(TMAX = mean(TMAX, na.rm = T))

> exmpldfmeanMonth
# A tibble: 4 x 3
# Groups:   MONTH [4]
  MONTH  YEAR  TMAX
  <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
1     6  1955  23.7  (1 day is NA)
2     7  1955  23    (all days but 1, are NA)
3     8  1955  20.7  (no NAs)
4     9  1955 NaN    (all days are NA)

所以我想生成一个条件，仅当每月有 10 个或更少的 NA 时才计算月平均值，否则应将其视为 NA:

> exmpldfmeanMonth
# A tibble: 4 x 3
# Groups:   MONTH [4]
  MONTH  YEAR  TMAX
  <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
1     6  1955  23.7  (1 day is NA)
2     7  1955 NAN    (all days but 1, are NA)
3     8  1955  20.7  (no NAs)
4     9  1955 NaN    (all days are NA)

你能指导我如何解决这个问题吗？ 非常感谢您!

Answer 1

library(dplyr)
library(lubridate)

df %>% 
  mutate(month = month(DATE),
         year = year(DATE)) %>% 
  group_by(month, year) %>% 
  summarize(prcp = if (sum(is.na(TMAX)) <= 10) mean(TMAX, na.rm = T) else NA,
            .groups = "drop")

或者，当您总结时，您可以计算NA的数量，然后添加一个mutate语句来有条件地改变prcp:

df %>% 
  mutate(month = month(DATE),
         year = year(DATE)) %>% 
  group_by(month, year) %>% 
  summarize(prcp = mean(TMAX, na.rm = T),
            numna = sum(is.na(TMAX)), # count number of NA
            .groups = "drop") %>% 
  mutate(prcp = ifelse(numna > 10, NA, prcp)) %>% 
  select(-numna)

输出

在您显示的数据中，只有一个 month 和 year 组合，并且该分组有超过 10 个 NA:

  month  year prcp 
1     6  1955 NA   

---

更新

鉴于您已使用新数据更新了 reprex，此解决方案仍然有效:

str(exmpldf)
'data.frame':   122 obs. of  2 variables:
 $ DATE: chr  "1955-06-01" "1955-06-02" "1955-06-03" "1955-06-04" ...
 $ TMAX: num  NA 20 27 17 26.5 27 17 26.5 20 23 ...

exmpldf %>% 
  mutate(month = month(DATE),
         year = year(DATE)) %>% 
  group_by(month, year) %>% 
  summarize(prcp = if (sum(is.na(TMAX)) <= 10) mean(TMAX, na.rm = T) else NA,
            .groups = "drop")

  month  year  prcp
  <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
1     6  1955  23.7
2     7  1955  NA  
3     8  1955  20.7
4     9  1955  NA