python - curl --cacert 与 python 请求验证

Question

我正在尝试通过 https 连接到使用非官方 CA 的网站。由于某种原因，它可以与curl一起使用，但不能与python请求一起使用。

请参阅下面的示例

Python 3.8.0 (default, Oct 30 2019, 11:47:54) 
Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information
IPython 7.9.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help.

In [1]: import requests 

In [2]: requests.__version__ 
Out[2]: '2.22.0'

In [3]: cert = "..." 

In [4]: url = "..." 

In [5]: !curl --cacert {cert} {url} 
{"status":200}

In [6]: requests.get(url,verify=cert) 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
SSLCertVerificationError Traceback (most recent call last)
...
SSLCertVerificationError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1108)

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

MaxRetryError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='...', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: ... (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1108)')))

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

SSLError Traceback (most recent call last)
...

SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='...', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: ... (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1108)')))

我做错了什么？为什么它的行为不同？

--编辑--

curl 肯定正在使用此证书，没有它，curl 就会失败

In [9]: !curl {url}                                                                                                                                                                                                
curl: (60) server certificate verification failed. CAfile: /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt CRLfile: none
More details here: http://curl.haxx.se/docs/sslcerts.html

...

In [10]:    

Answer 1

... it's an intermediate CA

仅在信任存储中拥有中间 CA 不足以验证证书，至少对于当前版本的 Python 来说是这样。此功能需要使用 OpenSSL 标志 X509_V_FLAG_PARTIAL_CHAIN 进行验证，即 neither currently exposed by Python也不默认设置。

与此旋度相反sets this flag by default在较新的版本中，因此可以工作。