django - 在 Ubuntu 中使用 nginx 和 uwsgi 运行 Django 的问题

Question

我正在尝试安装新服务器，但无法使用 nginx 和 uwsgi 运行 Django。我收到错误“502 Bad Gateway”，并且错误日志中有我不理解的消息:

2019/07/20 10:50:44 [error] 2590#2590: *1 upstream prematurely closed connection while reading response header from upstream, client: 79.183.208.33, server: *.speedy.net.3.speedy-technologies.com, request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", upstream: "uwsgi://unix:/run/uwsgi/app/speedy_net/socket:", host: "3.speedy-technologies.com"

我有 4 个网站，这是主要(默认)配置文件:

server {
    listen [::]:80 default_server;
    listen 80 default_server;
    server_name *.speedy.net.3.speedy-technologies.com speedy.net.3.speedy-technologies.com;

    access_log /var/log/nginx/speedy-net.access.log;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/speedy-net.error.log;

    client_max_body_size 50M;

    root  /home/ubuntu/speedy-net/speedy/net/static_serve/root;
    try_files $uri @uwsgi;

    location @uwsgi {
        include uwsgi_params;
        uwsgi_pass unix:/run/uwsgi/app/speedy_net/socket;
    }

    location /admin/ {
        auth_basic "admin site";
        auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/htpasswd_admin;
        include uwsgi_params;
        uwsgi_pass unix:/run/uwsgi/app/speedy_net/socket;
    }

    location /static {
        alias /home/ubuntu/speedy-net/speedy/net/static_serve;
        access_log off;
        # expires max;
        gzip on;
        gzip_min_length 1100;
        gzip_buffers 4 32k;
        gzip_types text/css text/javascript text/xml text/plain text/x-component application/javascript application/x-javascript application/json application/xml  application/rss+xml font/truetype application/x-font-ttf font/opentype application/vnd.ms-fontobject image/svg+xml;
        gzip_vary on;
        gzip_comp_level 6;
    }
}

和:

[uwsgi]
project = net

chdir = /home/ubuntu/speedy-net
home = %(chdir)/env
module = speedy.%(project).wsgi:application

plugins = python3
master = true
processes = 4

chmod-socket = 666
vacuum = true

uid = ubuntu
gid = ubuntu

touch-reload = /run/uwsgi/app/speedy_%(project)/reload

我尝试使用 sudo nginx -t 进行测试但我收到一条消息，说我的配置正常。问题是什么？

编辑:

旧服务器(正在运行):

$ find /run/uwsgi/ -ls
  489      0 drwxr-xr-x   3 root     root           60 Jul 20 08:41 /run/uwsgi/
  490      0 drwxr-xr-x   6 root     root          120 Jul 20 08:41 /run/uwsgi/app
  500      0 drwxr-xr-x   2 ubuntu   ubuntu        100 Jul 20 08:42 /run/uwsgi/app/speedy_net
  523      0 -rw-rw-r--   1 ubuntu   ubuntu          0 Jul 20 08:43 /run/uwsgi/app/speedy_net/reload
  501      0 srw-rw-rw-   1 ubuntu   ubuntu          0 Jul 20 08:41 /run/uwsgi/app/speedy_net/socket
  457      4 -rw-r--r--   1 root     root            5 Jul 20 08:41 /run/uwsgi/app/speedy_net/pid
  498      0 drwxr-xr-x   2 ubuntu   ubuntu        100 Jul 20 08:42 /run/uwsgi/app/speedy_match
  524      0 -rw-rw-r--   1 ubuntu   ubuntu          0 Jul 20 08:43 /run/uwsgi/app/speedy_match/reload
  499      0 srw-rw-rw-   1 ubuntu   ubuntu          0 Jul 20 08:41 /run/uwsgi/app/speedy_match/socket
  413      4 -rw-r--r--   1 root     root            5 Jul 20 08:41 /run/uwsgi/app/speedy_match/pid
  495      0 drwxr-xr-x   2 ubuntu   ubuntu        100 Jul 20 08:43 /run/uwsgi/app/speedy_mail
  528      0 -rw-rw-r--   1 ubuntu   ubuntu          0 Jul 20 08:43 /run/uwsgi/app/speedy_mail/reload
  497      0 srw-rw-rw-   1 ubuntu   ubuntu          0 Jul 20 08:41 /run/uwsgi/app/speedy_mail/socket
  496      4 -rw-r--r--   1 root     root            5 Jul 20 08:41 /run/uwsgi/app/speedy_mail/pid
  491      0 drwxr-xr-x   2 ubuntu   ubuntu        100 Jul 20 08:42 /run/uwsgi/app/speedy_composer
  527      0 -rw-rw-r--   1 ubuntu   ubuntu          0 Jul 20 08:43 /run/uwsgi/app/speedy_composer/reload
  494      0 srw-rw-rw-   1 ubuntu   ubuntu          0 Jul 20 08:41 /run/uwsgi/app/speedy_composer/socket
  493      4 -rw-r--r--   1 root     root            5 Jul 20 08:41 /run/uwsgi/app/speedy_composer/pid

新服务器:

$ find /run/uwsgi/ -ls
  554      0 drwxr-xr-x   3 root     root           60 Jul 20 10:15 /run/uwsgi/
  555      0 drwxr-xr-x   6 root     root          120 Jul 20 11:14 /run/uwsgi/app
  573      0 drwxr-xr-x   2 ubuntu   ubuntu         80 Jul 20 11:14 /run/uwsgi/app/speedy_net
  598      0 srw-rw-rw-   1 ubuntu   ubuntu          0 Jul 20 11:14 /run/uwsgi/app/speedy_net/socket
  584      4 -rw-r--r--   1 root     root            5 Jul 20 11:14 /run/uwsgi/app/speedy_net/pid
  568      0 drwxr-xr-x   2 ubuntu   ubuntu         80 Jul 20 11:14 /run/uwsgi/app/speedy_match
  572      0 srw-rw-rw-   1 ubuntu   ubuntu          0 Jul 20 11:14 /run/uwsgi/app/speedy_match/socket
  569      4 -rw-r--r--   1 root     root            5 Jul 20 11:14 /run/uwsgi/app/speedy_match/pid
  565      0 drwxr-xr-x   2 ubuntu   ubuntu         80 Jul 20 11:14 /run/uwsgi/app/speedy_mail
  567      0 srw-rw-rw-   1 ubuntu   ubuntu          0 Jul 20 11:14 /run/uwsgi/app/speedy_mail/socket
  566      4 -rw-r--r--   1 root     root            5 Jul 20 11:14 /run/uwsgi/app/speedy_mail/pid
  499      0 drwxr-xr-x   2 ubuntu   ubuntu         80 Jul 20 11:14 /run/uwsgi/app/speedy_composer
  564      0 srw-rw-rw-   1 ubuntu   ubuntu          0 Jul 20 11:14 /run/uwsgi/app/speedy_composer/socket
  561      4 -rw-r--r--   1 root     root            5 Jul 20 11:14 /run/uwsgi/app/speedy_composer/pid

旧服务器是 Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS , 新服务器是 Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS .

我查了/var/log/uwsgi/app/speedy_net.log它包含很多行。这是最后 5 行:

/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(+0x21c393) [0x7fe09b2ac393]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(_PyEval_EvalFrameDefault+0x5170) [0x7fe09b277b70]
*** end of backtrace ***
Sun Aug 11 11:24:35 2019 - DAMN ! worker 2 (pid: 6874) died :( trying respawn ...
Sun Aug 11 11:24:35 2019 - Respawned uWSGI worker 2 (new pid: 6906)

最后 7 行现在是:

/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(_PyCFunction_FastCallDict+0x13a) [0x7f4d7c245e2a]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(+0x21c393) [0x7f4d7c31a393]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(_PyEval_EvalFrameDefault+0x5170) [0x7f4d7c2e5b70]
*** end of backtrace ***
Sun Aug 11 11:37:17 2019 - DAMN ! worker 2 (pid: 7915) died :( trying respawn ...
Sun Aug 11 11:37:17 2019 - Respawned uWSGI worker 2 (new pid: 7944)
Sun Aug 11 11:37:17 2019 - epoll_ctl(): File exists [core/event.c line 524]

和:

Sun Aug 11 11:42:56 2019 - epoll_ctl(): File exists [core/event.c line 524]
Sun Aug 11 11:42:56 2019 - epoll_ctl(): File exists [core/event.c line 524]
Sun Aug 11 11:42:56 2019 - !!! uWSGI process 8118 got Segmentation Fault !!!
Sun Aug 11 11:42:56 2019 - *** backtrace of 8118 ***
/usr/bin/uwsgi(uwsgi_backtrace+0x2a) [0x563d84f5098a]
/usr/bin/uwsgi(uwsgi_segfault+0x23) [0x563d84f50d73]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(+0x3ef20) [0x7f4d7ff98f20]
/home/ubuntu/speedy-net/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/psycopg2/.libs/./libssl-c0c2ede4.so.1.0.2q(ssl3_cleanup_key_block+0xb) [0x7f4d773d4cab]
/home/ubuntu/speedy-net/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/psycopg2/.libs/./libssl-c0c2ede4.so.1.0.2q(ssl3_clear+0x16) [0x7f4d773d25a6]
/home/ubuntu/speedy-net/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/psycopg2/.libs/./libssl-c0c2ede4.so.1.0.2q(tls1_clear+0x9) [0x7f4d773de219]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libssl.so.1.1(SSL_new+0x3f2) [0x7f4d80c11a22]
/home/ubuntu/speedy-net/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/psycopg2/.libs/libpq-bd31fe2b.so.5.11(+0x23969) [0x7f4d77669969]
/home/ubuntu/speedy-net/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/psycopg2/.libs/libpq-bd31fe2b.so.5.11(+0x24fc5) [0x7f4d7766afc5]
/home/ubuntu/speedy-net/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/psycopg2/.libs/libpq-bd31fe2b.so.5.11(PQconnectPoll+0xb78) [0x7f4d77654ba8]
/home/ubuntu/speedy-net/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/psycopg2/.libs/libpq-bd31fe2b.so.5.11(+0xfa28) [0x7f4d77655a28]
/home/ubuntu/speedy-net/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/psycopg2/.libs/libpq-bd31fe2b.so.5.11(PQconnectdb+0x1f) [0x7f4d7765841f]
/home/ubuntu/speedy-net/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/psycopg2/_psycopg.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so(+0x12b01) [0x7f4d778a9b01]
/home/ubuntu/speedy-net/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/psycopg2/_psycopg.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so(+0x1388f) [0x7f4d778aa88f]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(+0x122342) [0x7f4d7c220342]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(_PyObject_FastCallDict+0x89) [0x7f4d7c333e19]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(_PyObject_CallFunction_SizeT+0x124) [0x7f4d7c334ce4]
/home/ubuntu/speedy-net/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/psycopg2/_psycopg.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so(+0xc258) [0x7f4d778a3258]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(PyCFunction_Call+0x96) [0x7f4d7c2460a6]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(_PyEval_EvalFrameDefault+0x7a50) [0x7f4d7c2e8450]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(+0x21bbab) [0x7f4d7c319bab]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(PyEval_EvalCodeEx+0x3e) [0x7f4d7c31a67e]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(+0x1beeb3) [0x7f4d7c2bceb3]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(PyObject_Call+0x48) [0x7f4d7c334b08]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(_PyEval_EvalFrameDefault+0x4001) [0x7f4d7c2e4a01]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(+0x21a953) [0x7f4d7c318953]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(+0x21c472) [0x7f4d7c31a472]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(_PyEval_EvalFrameDefault+0x5170) [0x7f4d7c2e5b70]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(+0x21a953) [0x7f4d7c318953]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(+0x21c472) [0x7f4d7c31a472]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(_PyEval_EvalFrameDefault+0x5170) [0x7f4d7c2e5b70]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(+0x21a953) [0x7f4d7c318953]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(+0x21c472) [0x7f4d7c31a472]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(_PyEval_EvalFrameDefault+0x5170) [0x7f4d7c2e5b70]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(+0x21bbab) [0x7f4d7c319bab]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(+0x21c29e) [0x7f4d7c31a29e]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(_PyEval_EvalFrameDefault+0x5170) [0x7f4d7c2e5b70]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(+0x21a953) [0x7f4d7c318953]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(+0x21c472) [0x7f4d7c31a472]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(_PyEval_EvalFrameDefault+0x5170) [0x7f4d7c2e5b70]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(+0x21bbab) [0x7f4d7c319bab]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(+0x21c29e) [0x7f4d7c31a29e]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(_PyEval_EvalFrameDefault+0x3ea5) [0x7f4d7c2e48a5]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(+0x1c85ec) [0x7f4d7c2c65ec]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(+0x1bc496) [0x7f4d7c2ba496]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(+0x1bc970) [0x7f4d7c2ba970]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(+0x122342) [0x7f4d7c220342]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(_PyObject_FastCallDict+0x89) [0x7f4d7c333e19]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(+0x21c058) [0x7f4d7c31a058]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(_PyEval_EvalFrameDefault+0x5170) [0x7f4d7c2e5b70]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(+0x21a953) [0x7f4d7c318953]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(+0x21c472) [0x7f4d7c31a472]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(_PyEval_EvalFrameDefault+0x5170) [0x7f4d7c2e5b70]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(+0x21a953) [0x7f4d7c318953]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(_PyFunction_FastCallDict+0x2c3) [0x7f4d7c319fb3]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(_PyObject_FastCallDict+0x131) [0x7f4d7c333ec1]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(_PyObject_Call_Prepend+0xcd) [0x7f4d7c334a9d]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(_PyObject_FastCallDict+0x89) [0x7f4d7c333e19]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(+0x270821) [0x7f4d7c36e821]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(+0xb8ef5) [0x7f4d7c1b6ef5]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(+0x1ec989) [0x7f4d7c2ea989]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(_PyCFunction_FastCallDict+0x13a) [0x7f4d7c245e2a]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(+0x21c393) [0x7f4d7c31a393]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(_PyEval_EvalFrameDefault+0x5170) [0x7f4d7c2e5b70]
*** end of backtrace ***
Sun Aug 11 11:42:57 2019 - DAMN ! worker 2 (pid: 8118) died :( trying respawn ...
Sun Aug 11 11:42:57 2019 - Respawned uWSGI worker 2 (new pid: 8124)
Sun Aug 11 11:42:57 2019 - epoll_ctl(): File exists [core/event.c line 524]

与数据库 (PostgreSQL) 的连接可从命令行进行，例如此代码可以正常工作:

import django

django.setup()

from django.contrib.sites.models import Site

for site in Site.objects.all().order_by('pk'):
    print(site.id, site.domain)

Answer 1

可能存在多个问题，您需要调试并查看问题所在

1. ALLOWED_HOSTS 未设置

如果你的 django 配置没有 ALLOWED_HOSTS设置然后这可能会产生错误

2. nginx 配置缺少一些指令

有些人能够使用以下方法解决他们的问题

sendfile        on;
client_max_body_size 20M;
keepalive_timeout  0;
large_client_header_buffers 8 32k;

看看将它添加到您的路线是否有帮助

3. Django 应用程序因一些未处理的异常而崩溃

这需要您查看 uwsgi日志。你可以通过运行 uwsgi 来做到这一点。在一个终端中处理而不是作为服务或在 uwsgi.ini 中设置日志路径

[uwsgi]
logto=/var/log/uwsgi.log
log-ioerror=1

然后查看日志以查看导致崩溃的原因

4.您的请求需要时间并超时

在这种情况下，您需要增加 uwsgi暂停。您可以通过在 uwsgi.ini 中添加以下内容来做到这一点

[uwsgi]
harakiri = 120

和下面的 nginx 配置

uwsgi_read_timeout 120s;
uwsgi_send_timeout 120s;

uwsgi 因段错误而崩溃

如果您查看共享的日志

/usr/bin/uwsgi(uwsgi_segfault+0x23) [0x563d84f50d73]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(+0x3ef20) [0x7f4d7ff98f20]
/home/ubuntu/speedy-net/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/psycopg2/.libs/./libssl-c0c2ede4.so.1.0.2q(ssl3_cleanup_key_block+0xb) [0x7f4d773d4cab]
/home/ubuntu/speedy-net/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/psycopg2/.libs/./libssl-c0c2ede4.so.1.0.2q(ssl3_clear+0x16) [0x7f4d773d25a6]
/home/ubuntu/speedy-net/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/psycopg2/.libs/./libssl-c0c2ede4.so.1.0.2q(tls1_clear+0x9) [0x7f4d773de219]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libssl.so.1.1(SSL_new+0x3f2) [0x7f4d80c11a22]
/home/ubuntu/speedy-net/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/psycopg2/.libs/libpq-bd31fe2b.so.5.11(+0x23969) [0x7f4d77669969]
/home/ubuntu/speedy-net/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/psycopg2/.libs/libpq-bd31fe2b.so.5.11(+0x24fc5) [0x7f4d7766afc5]
/home/ubuntu/speedy-net/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/psycopg2/.libs/libpq-bd31fe2b.so.5.11(PQconnectPoll+0xb78) [0x7f4d77654ba8]
/home/ubuntu/speedy-net/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/psycopg2/.libs/libpq-bd31fe2b.so.5.11(+0xfa28) [0x7f4d77655a28]
/home/ubuntu/speedy-net/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/psycopg2/.libs/libpq-bd31fe2b.so.5.11(PQconnectdb+0x1f) [0x7f4d7765841f]
/home/ubuntu/speedy-net/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/psycopg2/_psycopg.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so(+0x12b01) [0x7f4d778a9b01]
/home/ubuntu/speedy-net/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/psycopg2/_psycopg.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so(+0x1388f) [0x7f4d778aa88f]
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0(+0x122342) [0x7f4d7c220342]

这些表明崩溃是由于 Postgres DB 连接和 ssl 而发生的。现在有很多线程讨论可以帮助您解决问题的不同解决方案

uwsgi segmentation fault when serving a django application

django app under uwsgi failing to start when using postgresql database

Error importing psycopg2._psycopg when using uWSGI

uwsgi segmentation fault for one specific route

引用文献

https://serverfault.com/questions/276462/nginx-uwsgi-gives-502-bad-gateway

"upstream prematurely closed connection while reading response header from upstream" Django, Ubuntu, Nginx, Gunicorn

uWSGI request timeout in Python

upstream prematurely closed connection (uwsgi + nginx + django)

nginx uwsgi websockets 502 Bad Gateway upstream prematurely closed connection while reading response header from upstream

uwsgi + nginx + flask: upstream prematurely closed

nginx, uwsgi, DJango, 502 when DEBUG=False, "upstream prematurely closed connection"