selenium - 如何使用 Python 填写 JavaScript 表单？

Question

我想用Python来填充this形式。
我尝试使用 Mechanize，但这是一个使用 JavaScript 的 Microsoft 表单，没有表单标签，也没有 GET/POST URL。也许 BeautifulSoup/Selenium 可以做到这一点，但我没有任何抓取 JS 表单的经验。任何人都可以帮助我并建议如何解决这个问题吗？
这是我尝试过的，Mechanize 无法识别页面上的任何表单:

import mechanize

def main():
    br = mechanize.Browser()
    br.set_handle_robots(False)
    br.set_handle_refresh(False)
    br.addheaders = [('User-agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.1) Gecko/2008071615 Fedora/3.0.1-1.fc9 Firefox/3.0.1')]
    response  = br.open("https://forms.office.com/Pages/ResponsePage.aspx?id=8Pm7rtoj40mYvzIXGrvJvCxQDveyljlCrKN2Teo3EHFUQVNaWDlYRkhYR09JRTZWRFpKTTNIQU9HUC4u")
    for form in br.forms():
        print("Form name:", form.name) #prints nothing
        print(form) #prints nothing

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Answer 1

Selenium 工作正常。
你需要install the components

安装 Selenium pip install selenium

您需要确保为您的浏览器和操作系统版本下载正确的 chromedriver(或其他驱动程序)和 将其添加到路径

然后运行:

from selenium import webdriver

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
url = "https://forms.office.com/Pages/ResponsePage.aspx?id=8Pm7rtoj40mYvzIXGrvJvCxQDveyljlCrKN2Teo3EHFUQVNaWDlYRkhYR09JRTZWRFpKTTNIQU9HUC4u"
driver.get(url)


name = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@class='question-title-box'][.//span[text()='NAME']]/following-sibling::*//input")
name.send_keys("hello, World")

setionSelection = "F"
section = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@class='question-title-box'][.//span[text()='Section']]/following-sibling::*//input[@value='" + setionSelection + "']")
section.click()

date = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[contains(@placeholder, 'Please input date')]")
date.send_keys("01/12/2020")


submit = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[text()='Submit']")
submit.click()

xapths 有点长，但它们基于问题文本，因此可能稳定


对于另一种方法 - 当您说没有 POST url 时，您是否检查过 devtools？ - 暴露了表单的目的地:

Request URL: https://forms.office.com/formapi/api/aebbf9f0-23da-49e3-98bf-32171abbc9bc/users/f70e502c-96b2-4239-aca3-764dea371071/forms('8Pm7rtoj40mYvzIXGrvJvCxQDveyljlCrKN2Teo3EHFUQVNaWDlYRkhYR09JRTZWRFpKTTNIQU9HUC4u')/responses
Request Method: POST

它还公开了有效载荷......这是第一次提交:

{startDate: "2020-08-17T10:40:18.504Z", submitDate: "2020-08-17T10:40:18.507Z",…}
answers: "[{"questionId":"r8f09d63e6f6f42feb2f8f4f8ed3f9389","answer1":"Hello, World"},{"questionId":"r28fe12073dfa47399f8ce95ae679dccf","answer1":"G"},{"questionId":"r8f9e9fedcc2e410c80bfa1e0e3ef9750","answer1":"2020-08-28"}]"
startDate: "2020-08-17T10:40:18.504Z"
submitDate: "2020-08-17T10:40:18.507Z"

那些发布 URL UUID/GUIDs 问题的 ID 似乎对这个表单很重要。每次我运行时，他们都不会改变。这是第二次运行:

{startDate: "2020-08-17T10:43:48.544Z", submitDate: "2020-08-17T10:43:48.546Z",…}
answers: "[{"questionId":"r8f09d63e6f6f42feb2f8f4f8ed3f9389","answer1":"test me"},{"questionId":"r28fe12073dfa47399f8ce95ae679dccf","answer1":"G"},{"questionId":"r8f9e9fedcc2e410c80bfa1e0e3ef9750","answer1":"2020-08-12"}]"
startDate: "2020-08-17T10:43:48.544Z"
submitDate: "2020-08-17T10:43:48.546Z"

一旦您捕获了一次，您可能就可以在没有 GUI 的情况下通过 API 来完成它。
......只是为了确保，我试过了，我成功了......

import requests

url = "https://forms.office.com/formapi/api/aebbf9f0-23da-49e3-98bf-32171abbc9bc/users/f70e502c-96b2-4239-aca3-764dea371071/forms('8Pm7rtoj40mYvzIXGrvJvCxQDveyljlCrKN2Teo3EHFUQVNaWDlYRkhYR09JRTZWRFpKTTNIQU9HUC4u')/responses"
myobj = {"startDate":"2020-08-17T10:48:40.118Z","submitDate":"2020-08-17T10:48:40.121Z","answers":"[{\"questionId\":\"r8f09d63e6f6f42feb2f8f4f8ed3f9389\",\"answer1\":\"Hello again, World\"},{\"questionId\":\"r28fe12073dfa47399f8ce95ae679dccf\",\"answer1\":\"F\"},{\"questionId\":\"r8f9e9fedcc2e410c80bfa1e0e3ef9750\",\"answer1\":\"2020-08-26\"}]"}

x = requests.post(url, data = myobj)

我的答案只是硬编码到数据对象中，但它似乎有效。
记得点赞install requests如果你还没有它