javascript - 如何在 npm install 中克服这个错误？

Question

我是一个初学者程序员，我正在使用 node 和 discord.js 制作一个不和谐的机器人。我需要一个名为 canvas 的库，但它没有安装!
我在我的 Windows 电脑上编写并测试了这个应用程序，然后将它发送到我的树莓服务器。它不起作用，所以我尝试再次删除并安装该库，但是在安装时，它给出了这个错误:
(我正在尝试使用以下命令安装它:npm install canvas)

npm ERR! code 1
npm ERR! path /home/pi/node/test/node_modules/canvas
npm ERR! command failed
npm ERR! command sh -c node-pre-gyp install --fallback-to-build
npm ERR! Failed to execute '/usr/bin/node /usr/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/node-gyp/bin/node-gyp.js configure --fallback-to-build --module=/home/pi/node/test/node_modules/canvas/build/Release/canvas.node --module_name=canvas --module_path=/home/pi/node/test/node_modules/canvas/build/Release --napi_version=7 --node_abi_napi=napi --napi_build_version=0 --node_napi_label=node-v88' (1)
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp info it worked if it ends with ok
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp info using node-pre-gyp@0.11.0
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp info using node@15.0.1 | linux | arm
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp WARN Using needle for node-pre-gyp https download 
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp info check checked for "/home/pi/node/test/node_modules/canvas/build/Release/canvas.node" (not found)
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp http GET https://github.com/node-gfx/node-canvas-prebuilt/releases/download/v2.6.1/canvas-v2.6.1-node-v88-linux-glibc-arm.tar.gz
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp http 404 https://github.com/node-gfx/node-canvas-prebuilt/releases/download/v2.6.1/canvas-v2.6.1-node-v88-linux-glibc-arm.tar.gz
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp WARN Tried to download(404): https://github.com/node-gfx/node-canvas-prebuilt/releases/download/v2.6.1/canvas-v2.6.1-node-v88-linux-glibc-arm.tar.gz 
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp WARN Pre-built binaries not found for canvas@2.6.1 and node@15.0.1 (node-v88 ABI, glibc) (falling back to source compile with node-gyp) 
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp http 404 status code downloading tarball https://github.com/node-gfx/node-canvas-prebuilt/releases/download/v2.6.1/canvas-v2.6.1-node-v88-linux-glibc-arm.tar.gz 
npm ERR! gyp info it worked if it ends with ok
npm ERR! gyp info using node-gyp@7.1.2
npm ERR! gyp info using node@15.0.1 | linux | arm
npm ERR! gyp info ok 
npm ERR! gyp info it worked if it ends with ok
npm ERR! gyp info using node-gyp@7.1.2
npm ERR! gyp info using node@15.0.1 | linux | arm
npm ERR! gyp info find Python using Python version 3.7.3 found at "/usr/bin/python3"
npm ERR! gyp info spawn /usr/bin/python3
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args [
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '/usr/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/node-gyp/gyp/gyp_main.py',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   'binding.gyp',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-f',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   'make',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-I',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '/home/pi/node/test/node_modules/canvas/build/config.gypi',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-I',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '/usr/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/node-gyp/addon.gypi',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-I',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '/home/pi/.cache/node-gyp/15.0.1/include/node/common.gypi',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-Dlibrary=shared_library',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-Dvisibility=default',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-Dnode_root_dir=/home/pi/.cache/node-gyp/15.0.1',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-Dnode_gyp_dir=/usr/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/node-gyp',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-Dnode_lib_file=/home/pi/.cache/node-gyp/15.0.1/<(target_arch)/node.lib',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-Dmodule_root_dir=/home/pi/node/test/node_modules/canvas',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-Dnode_engine=v8',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '--depth=.',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '--no-parallel',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '--generator-output',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   'build',
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args   '-Goutput_dir=.'
npm ERR! gyp info spawn args ]
npm ERR! Package pixman-1 was not found in the pkg-config search path.
npm ERR! Perhaps you should add the directory containing `pixman-1.pc'
npm ERR! to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
npm ERR! No package 'pixman-1' found
npm ERR! gyp: Call to 'pkg-config pixman-1 --libs' returned exit status 1 while in binding.gyp. while trying to load binding.gyp
npm ERR! gyp ERR! configure error 
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack Error: `gyp` failed with exit code: 1
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at ChildProcess.onCpExit (/usr/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/node-gyp/lib/configure.js:351:16)
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at ChildProcess.emit (node:events:327:20)
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at Process.ChildProcess._handle.onexit (node:internal/child_process:277:12)
npm ERR! gyp ERR! System Linux 5.4.51-v7l+
npm ERR! gyp ERR! command "/usr/bin/node" "/usr/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/node-gyp/bin/node-gyp.js" "configure" "--fallback-to-build" "--module=/home/pi/node/test/node_modules/canvas/build/Release/canvas.node" "--module_name=canvas" "--module_path=/home/pi/node/test/node_modules/canvas/build/Release" "--napi_version=7" "--node_abi_napi=napi" "--napi_build_version=0" "--node_napi_label=node-v88"
npm ERR! gyp ERR! cwd /home/pi/node/test/node_modules/canvas
npm ERR! gyp ERR! node -v v15.0.1
npm ERR! gyp ERR! node-gyp -v v7.1.2
npm ERR! gyp ERR! not ok 
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp ERR! build error 
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp ERR! stack Error: Failed to execute '/usr/bin/node /usr/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/node-gyp/bin/node-gyp.js configure --fallback-to-build --module=/home/pi/node/test/node_modules/canvas/build/Release/canvas.node --module_name=canvas --module_path=/home/pi/node/test/node_modules/canvas/build/Release --napi_version=7 --node_abi_napi=napi --napi_build_version=0 --node_napi_label=node-v88' (1)
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp ERR! stack     at ChildProcess.<anonymous> (/home/pi/node/test/node_modules/node-pre-gyp/lib/util/compile.js:83:29)
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp ERR! stack     at ChildProcess.emit (node:events:327:20)
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp ERR! stack     at maybeClose (node:internal/child_process:1048:16)
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp ERR! stack     at Process.ChildProcess._handle.onexit (node:internal/child_process:288:5)
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp ERR! System Linux 5.4.51-v7l+
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp ERR! command "/usr/bin/node" "/home/pi/node/test/node_modules/.bin/node-pre-gyp" "install" "--fallback-to-build"
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp ERR! cwd /home/pi/node/test/node_modules/canvas
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp ERR! node -v v15.0.1
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp ERR! node-pre-gyp -v v0.11.0
npm ERR! node-pre-gyp ERR! not ok

npm ERR! A complete log of this run can be found in:
npm ERR!     /home/pi/.npm/_logs/2020-10-27T20_10_02_765Z-debug.log```

Answer 1

首先尝试安装 https://github.com/Automattic/node-canvas 中提到的 Canvas 二进制文件

sudo apt-get install build-essential libcairo2-dev libpango1.0-dev libjpeg-dev libgif-dev librsvg2-dev

然后安装 Canvas :

npm install canvas