python - 为什么我的 Python 代码为我的列表中的所有元素提取相同的数据？

Question

我的项目包括为一家机构制作一个具有竞争力的酒店价格观察表。这是我想要自动化的痛苦操作，代码正确提取了酒店的名称和我想要提取的价格，但它仅适用于第一家酒店，我不知道问题出在哪里。我为您提供代码和输出，如果你们中的任何人可以帮助我并提前感谢您。

注意:代码 2 工作正常，但是当我添加更多操作时，问题出现
代码 1

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8
import time
from time import sleep
import ast
import pandas as pd
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait, Select
from selenium.common.exceptions import StaleElementReferenceException, NoSuchElementException
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

driver = webdriver.Chrome("C:\\Users\\marketing2\\Documents\\chromedriver.exe")
driver.get('https://tn.tunisiebooking.com/')

# params to select
params = {
    'destination': 'Tozeur',
    'date_from': '11/09/2021',
    'date_to': '12/09/2021',
    'bedroom': '1'
}

# select destination
destination_select = Select(WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, 'ville_des'))))
destination_select.select_by_value(params['destination'])

# select bedroom
bedroom_select = Select(WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, 'select_ch'))))
bedroom_select.select_by_value(params['bedroom'])

# select dates
script = f"document.getElementById('checkin').value ='{params['date_from']}';"
script += f"document.getElementById('checkout').value ='{params['date_to']}';"
script +=  f"document.getElementById('depart').value ='{params['date_from']}';"
script += f"document.getElementById('arrivee').value ='{params['date_to']}';"
driver.execute_script(script)

# submit form
btn_rechercher = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, '//*[@id="boutonr"]')))
btn_rechercher.click()

urls = []
hotels = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.presence_of_all_elements_located((By.XPATH, "//div[starts-with(@id,'produit_affair')]")))

for hotel in hotels:
    link = hotel.find_element_by_xpath(".//span[@class='tittre_hotel']/a").get_attribute("href")
    urls.append(link)

for url in urls:
    driver.get(url)
       
    def existsElement(xpath):
        try:
            driver.find_element_by_id(xpath);
        except NoSuchElementException:
            return "false"
        else:
            return "true"
   
    if (existsElement('result_par_arrangement')=="false"):
   
        btn_t = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, '//*[@id="moteur_rech"]/form/div/div[3]/div')))

        btn_t.click()
        sleep(10)
    else :
        pass
               
    
    try:
        name = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "//div[@class='bloc_titre_hotels']/h2"))).text
        arropt = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[contains(@class,'line_result')][1]")
        opt = arropt.find_element_by_tag_name("b").text
        num = len(arropt.find_elements_by_tag_name("option"))
        optiondata = {}
        achats = {}
        marges= {}
        selection = Select(driver.find_element_by_id("arrangement"))

        for i in range(num):
            try:
                selection = Select(driver.find_element_by_id("arrangement"))
                selection.select_by_index(i)
                time.sleep(2)

                arr = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//select[@id='arrangement']/option[@selected='selected']").text
                prize = driver.find_element_by_id("prix_total").text

                optiondata[arr] = (int(prize))

                btn_passe = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, '//*[@id="resultat"]/div/form/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/div[2]/div')))
                btn_passe.click()



                # params to select
                params = {
                            'civilite_acheteur': 'Mlle',
                            'prenom_acheteur': 'test',
                            'nom_acheteur': 'test',
                            'e_mail_acheteur': 'test@gmail.com',
                            'portable_acheteur': '22222222',
                            'ville_acheteur': 'Test',
                        }

                # select civilite
                civilite_acheteur = Select(WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.NAME, 'civilite_acheteur'))))
                civilite_acheteur.select_by_value(params['civilite_acheteur'])

                # saisir prenom 
                script  = f"document.getElementsByName('prenom_acheteur')[0].value ='{params['prenom_acheteur']}';"
                script += f"document.getElementsByName('nom_acheteur')[0].value ='{params['nom_acheteur']}';"
                script += f"document.getElementsByName('e_mail_acheteur')[0].value ='{params['e_mail_acheteur']}';"
                script += f"document.getElementsByName('portable_acheteur')[0].value ='{params['portable_acheteur']}';"
                script += f"document.getElementsByName('ville_acheteur')[0].value ='{params['ville_acheteur']}';"
                driver.execute_script(script)

                # submit form
                btn_agence = driver.find_element_by_id('titre_Nabeul')
                btn_agence.click()

                btn_continuez = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, 'boutonr')))
                btn_continuez.click()

                achat = int(driver.find_element_by_xpath('/html/body/header/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/div[4]/div[2]/div[2]').text.replace(' TND', ''))

                achats[arr]=achat

                marge =int(((float(prize) - float(achat)) / float(achat)) * 100);
                marges[arr]=marge
                optiondata[arr]=prize,achat,marge
                
                
                driver.get(url)
                btn_display = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, '//*[@id="moteur_rech"]/form/div/div[3]/div')))

                btn_display.click()
                sleep(10)
               

            except StaleElementReferenceException:
                pass

            

    except NoSuchElementException:
        pass
    
  s="- {} | {} : {}".format(name, opt, optiondata)
    print(s)  
   

    ds = []

    for l in s.splitlines():
        d = l.split('-')
        if len(d) > 1:
            df = pd.DataFrame(ast.literal_eval(d[1].strip()))
            ds.append(df)

    for df in ds:
        df.reset_index(drop=True, inplace=True)

    df = pd.concat(ds, axis= 1)

    cols = df.columns

    cols = [((col.split('.')[0], col)) for col in df.columns]

    df.columns=pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples(cols)

    print(df.T)    

#print("{} : {} - {}".format(name, opt, optiondata))

代码 2

from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select
from selenium.common.exceptions import StaleElementReferenceException,NoSuchElementException
urls = []
hotels = driver.find_elements_by_xpath("//div[starts-with(@id,'produit_affair')]")
for hotel in hotels:
    link = hotel.find_element_by_xpath(".//span[@class='tittre_hotel']/a").get_attribute("href")
    urls.append(link)
for url in urls:
    driver.get(url)
    try:
        name = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@class='bloc_titre_hotels']/h2").text
        arropt = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[contains(@class,'line_result')][1]")
        opt = arropt.find_element_by_tag_name("b").text
        num = len(arropt.find_elements_by_tag_name("option"))
        optiondata = {}
        selection = Select(driver.find_element_by_id("arrangement"))
        for i in range(num):
            try:
                selection = Select(driver.find_element_by_id("arrangement"))
                selection.select_by_index(i)
                time.sleep(2)
                arr = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//select[@id='arrangement']/option[@selected='selected']").text
                prize = driver.find_element_by_id("prix_total").text
                optiondata[arr]=prize
            except StaleElementReferenceException:
                pass
    except NoSuchElementException:
        pass
    print("{} : {} - {} - {}".format(name,opt,num,optiondata))

Answer 1

您的代码已过时。 HTML 已更改/更新，诸如具有身份的元素 boutonr页面上不存在了。

你的循环和执行顺序是错误的，所以这使得代码评估仍然是相同的字段。

您不应该使用或至少尽量减少使用 time.sleep()尽量减少，因为这会浪费您的代码执行时间。使用 WebDriverWait(...)相反

我不会说法语，所以我无法理解您在代码中所追求的内容，但是下面这个最小化的示例应该可以帮助您理解原理。

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8
import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait, Select
from selenium.common.exceptions import StaleElementReferenceException, NoSuchElementException
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

driver = webdriver.Chrome("C:\chromedriver.exe")
driver.get('https://tn.tunisiebooking.com/')

# params to select
params = {  'destination': 'Nabeul',
            'date_from': '25/08/2021',
            'date_to': '26/08/2021',
            'bedroom': '1' }

# select destination
destination_select = Select(WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, 'ville_des'))))
destination_select.select_by_value(params['destination'])

# select bedroom
bedroom_select = Select(WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, 'select_ch'))))
bedroom_select.select_by_value(params['bedroom'])

# select dates
script = f"document.getElementById('checkin').value ='{params['date_from']}';"
script += f"document.getElementById('checkout').value ='{params['date_to']}';"
script +=  f"document.getElementById('depart').value ='{params['date_from']}';"
script += f"document.getElementById('arrivee').value ='{params['date_to']}';"
driver.execute_script(script)

# submit form
btn_rechercher = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, '//div[@onclick="return submit_hotel_recherche()"]')))
btn_rechercher.click()

urls = []
hotels = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.presence_of_all_elements_located((By.XPATH, "//div[starts-with(@id,'produit_affair')]")))

for hotel in hotels:
    link = hotel.find_element_by_xpath(".//span[@class='tittre_hotel']/a").get_attribute("href")
    urls.append(link)

for url in urls:
    driver.get(url)
    try:
        name = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "//div[@class='bloc_titre_hotels']/h2"))).text
        arropt = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[contains(@class,'line_result')][1]")
        opt = arropt.find_element_by_tag_name("b").text
        num = len(arropt.find_elements_by_tag_name("option"))
        optiondata = {}
        achats = {}
        marges= {}

        for i in range(num):
            try:
                selection = Select(WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, 'arrangement')))).select_by_index(i)
                time.sleep(0.5)

                arr = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, "//select[@id='arrangement']/option[@selected='selected']"))).text
                prize = driver.find_element_by_id("prix_total").text

                optiondata[arr] = int(prize)

            except StaleElementReferenceException:
                pass

        print("{} : {} - {}".format(name, opt, optiondata))

    except NoSuchElementException:
        pass

driver.quit()

结果:

Byzance Nabeul : Chambre Double - {'All Inclusive soft': 93, 'Demi Pension': 38, 'Petit Dejeuner': 28, 'Pension Complete': 78}
Palmyra Club Nabeul Nabeul : Double Standard - {'All Inclusive soft': 92}

以下代码转到付款页面并提取那里的所有信息:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8
import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait, Select
from selenium.common.exceptions import StaleElementReferenceException, NoSuchElementException
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

driver = webdriver.Chrome("/usr/local/bin/chromedriver")
driver.get('https://tn.tunisiebooking.com/')

# params to select
params = {
    'destination': 'Nabeul',
    'date_from': '29/08/2021',
    'date_to': '30/08/2021',
    'bedroom': '1'
}

# select destination
destination_select = Select(WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, 'ville_des'))))
destination_select.select_by_value(params['destination'])

# select bedroom
bedroom_select = Select(WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, 'select_ch'))))
bedroom_select.select_by_value(params['bedroom'])

# select dates
script = f"document.getElementById('checkin').value ='{params['date_from']}';"
script += f"document.getElementById('checkout').value ='{params['date_to']}';"
script +=  f"document.getElementById('depart').value ='{params['date_from']}';"
script += f"document.getElementById('arrivee').value ='{params['date_to']}';"
driver.execute_script(script)

# submit form
btn_rechercher = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, '//div[@onclick="return submit_hotel_recherche()"]')))
btn_rechercher.click()

urls = []
hotels = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.presence_of_all_elements_located((By.XPATH, "//div[starts-with(@id,'produit_affair')]")))

for hotel in hotels:
    link = hotel.find_element_by_xpath(".//span[@class='tittre_hotel']/a").get_attribute("href")
    urls.append(link)

for url in urls:
    driver.get(url)
    try:
        name = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "//div[@class='bloc_titre_hotels']/h2"))).text
        arropt = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[contains(@class,'line_result')][1]")
        opt = arropt.find_element_by_tag_name("b").text
        num = len(arropt.find_elements_by_tag_name("option"))
        optiondata = {}
        achats = {}
        marges= {}
        try:
            selection = Select(WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, 'arrangement'))))
            time.sleep(0.5)

            arr = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, "//select[@id='arrangement']/option[@selected='selected']"))).text
            prize = driver.find_element_by_id("prix_total").text

            optiondata[arr] = (int(prize))

            btn_passe = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, 'resa')))
            btn_passe.click()

            tot = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, 'montant_total_apres_code')))
            total = int(tot.text.replace(' €', ''))

            # params to select
            params = {
                        'civilite_acheteur': 'Mlle',
                        'prenom_acheteur': 'test',
                        'nom_acheteur': 'test',
                        'e_mail_acheteur': 'test@gmail.com',
                        'portable_acheteur': '22222222',
                        'ville_acheteur': 'Test',
                    }

            # select civilite
            civilite_acheteur = Select(WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.NAME, 'civilite_acheteur'))))
            civilite_acheteur.select_by_value(params['civilite_acheteur'])

            # saisir prenom 
            script  = f"document.getElementsByName('prenom_acheteur')[0].value ='{params['prenom_acheteur']}';"
            script += f"document.getElementsByName('nom_acheteur')[0].value ='{params['nom_acheteur']}';"
            script += f"document.getElementsByName('e_mail_acheteur')[0].value ='{params['e_mail_acheteur']}';"
            script += f"document.getElementsByName('portable_acheteur')[0].value ='{params['portable_acheteur']}';"
            script += f"document.getElementsByName('ville_acheteur')[0].value ='{params['ville_acheteur']}';"
            driver.execute_script(script)

            # submit form
            btn_agence = driver.find_element_by_class_name('continuez_resa')
            btn_agence.click()
            
            achat1 = int(driver.find_element_by_id('montant_a_payer').text.replace(' €', ''))
            achat = int(driver.find_element_by_id('montant_restant').text.replace(' €', ''))
            achat3 = float(driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div[@class="ligne_interne_total"]/div[3]/div[@class="prix_total1 text_shadow"]').text.replace(' TND', ''))
            achats[arr]=achat

            marge =int(((float(prize) - float(achat)) / float(achat)) * 100);
            marges[arr]=marge
            optiondata[arr]=prize,total,achat1,achat,achat3,marge

        except StaleElementReferenceException:
            pass

        print("{} : {} - {}".format(name, opt, optiondata))

    except NoSuchElementException:
        pass
    
driver.quit()

输出:

Byzance Nabeul : Chambre Double - {'Petit Dejeuner': (36, 41, 12, 29, 4.0, 24)}

在哪里:

36 = Prix Total
41 = Montant Total
12 = Montant de l'acompte
29 = Vous payerez le reste à votre arrivée à l'hôtel
4.0 = Total taxe de séjour à payer sur place à l'hôtel est
24 = Marges

酒店页面: