django - 清理自定义用户模型

Question

我刚刚创建了一个自定义用户模型，但不确定应该将清理它的代码放在哪里。例如，现在电子邮件字段是唯一的，但是它不应该区分大小写，我应该把清理这个的代码放在哪里？另一个例子，我想检查以确保密码大于某个长度等等。我应该把这个代码放在哪里？任何建议表示赞赏!干杯

代码
楷模 -

class CustomUserManager(BaseUserManager):

    def _create_user(self, email, password, is_staff, is_superuser, **extra_fields):
        now = timezone.now()
        if not email:
            raise ValueError('The given email must be set')
        email = self.normalize_email(email)
        user = self.model(email=email,
                          is_staff=is_staff, is_active=True,
                          is_superuser=is_superuser, last_login=now,
                          date_joined=now, **extra_fields)
        user.set_password(password)
        user.save(using=self._db)
        return user

    def create_user(self, email, password=None, **extra_fields):
        return self._create_user(email, password, False, False,
                                 **extra_fields)

    def create_superuser(self, email, password, **extra_fields):
        return self._create_user(email, password, True, True,
                                 **extra_fields)

class User(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):
    email = models.EmailField('email address', unique=True)
    first_name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    last_name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    is_staff = models.BooleanField('staff status', default=False,
        help_text='Designates whether the user can log into this admin site.')
    is_active = models.BooleanField('active', default=True,
        help_text='Designates whether this user should be treated as active. Unselect this instead of deleting accounts.')
    date_joined = models.DateTimeField('date joined', default=timezone.now)

    USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
    REQUIRED_FIELDS = []
    objects = CustomUserManager()

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = 'user'
        verbose_name_plural = 'users'

    def get_full_name(self):
        full_name = '%s %s' % (self.first_name, self.last_name)
        return full_name.strip()

    def get_short_name(self):
        return self.first_name

    def email_user(self, subject, message, from_email=None):
        send_mail(subject, message, from_email, [self.email])

形式 -

class CustomUserCreationForm(UserCreationForm):

    def __init__(self, *args, **kargs):
        super(CustomUserCreationForm, self).__init__(*args, **kargs)

    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = []

class CustomUserChangeForm(UserChangeForm):

    def __init__(self, *args, **kargs):
        super(CustomUserChangeForm, self).__init__(*args, **kargs)

    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = []

行政 -

class CustomUserAdmin(UserAdmin):
    fieldsets = (
        (None, {'fields': ('email', 'password')}),
        (_('Personal info'), {'fields': ('first_name', 'last_name')}),
        (_('Permissions'), {'fields': ('is_active', 'is_staff', 'is_superuser',
                                       'groups', 'user_permissions')}),
        (_('Important dates'), {'fields': ('last_login', 'date_joined')}),
    )
    add_fieldsets = (
        (None, {'fields': ('email', 'password1', 'password2')}),
        ('Personal info', {'fields': ('first_name', 'last_name')}),
        ('Permissions', {'fields': ('is_active', 'is_staff', 'is_superuser')}),
    )

    form = CustomUserChangeForm
    add_form = CustomUserCreationForm
    list_display = ('email', 'first_name', 'last_name', 'is_staff')
    search_fields = ('email', 'first_name', 'last_name')
    ordering = ('email',)

admin.site.register(User, CustomUserAdmin)

Answer 1

感谢您展示代码。

对于电子邮件问题，您有 2 种方法可以解决，在 Form水平和在 Model等级。

对于 Form解决方案:

在创建和更改表单类(我建议术语创建和更新)中添加以下方法:

def clean_email(self):
    data = self.cleaned_data['email']
    data = data.lower()
    # Always return a value to use as the new cleaned data
    return data

文档:https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/forms/validation/#cleaning-a-specific-field-attribute

对于 Model解决方案:

将以下方法添加到您的自定义 User 类:

    def clean(self):
        # This method can be used to raise non field specific ValidationErrors or cleaning the data.
        if (self.email){
            self.email = self.email.lower()
        }

    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # This overriding of the save method is necessary because Django by default does not call the
        # full_clean() method and there is where the clean() method is called
        self.full_clean()
        return super().save(*args, **kwargs)

文档:https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/models/instances/#django.db.models.Model.clean

关于密码长度问题，如@alasdair 的评论中所述，您可以使用开箱即用的 django AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS .更具体地说，您可以在项目 django 设置文件中编辑它们，settings.py默认情况下，它们具有以下内容:

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]

第二个验证器称为 MinimumLengthValidator默认情况下，最小长度为 8 个字符。但是，您可以通过添加这样的选项字典来覆盖它:

{
    'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    'OPTIONS': {
       'min_length': 9,
    }
}

文档:https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/auth/passwords/#enabling-password-validation