r - 在美国 map 上绘制数值

Question

我的数据如下，我在代码中称之为shortie:

   State  Min  Max   Average
1     AL  7.0 10.8  8.842857
2     AK  6.9 10.2  8.095238
3     AZ  5.4 10.0  6.623810
4     AR  9.5 15.4 12.157143
5     CA  5.8  7.9  6.309524
6     CO  6.5  9.8  7.557143
7     CT  5.0  7.9  5.700000
8     DE  5.2  8.4  6.090476
9     FL  7.0 10.9  8.423810
10    GA  6.0 10.3  7.094737
11    HI 15.3 22.6 18.652381
12    ID  7.8 13.9  9.957143
13    IL  5.4  8.8  6.300000
14    IN  6.3  9.6  7.423810
15    IA  6.1  9.0  6.971429
16    KS  5.9  9.2  6.880952
17    KY  6.9 13.5  8.609524
18    LA  5.6  9.6  7.500000
19    ME  7.1  9.7  8.004762
20    MD  5.6  9.7  6.757143
21    MA  5.5  7.9  5.961905
22    MI  5.4  8.2  6.171429
23    MN  5.3  7.7  6.066667
24    MS  4.8  9.4  6.376190
25    MO  6.2  9.6  7.114286
26    MT  7.1  8.6  7.576190
27    NE  6.3  8.0  6.942857
28    NV 28.4 99.0 52.614286
29    NH  6.5  9.5  7.576190
30    NJ  4.8  7.6  5.676190
31    NM  4.0  8.8  7.042857
32    NY  6.5  8.6  7.095238
33    NC  6.5  8.5  7.233333
34    ND  5.8  7.5  6.623810
35    OH  5.7  9.0  6.547619
36    OK  6.5 10.6  7.323529
37    OR  6.3  8.9  7.176190
38    PA  5.3  7.1  5.771429
39    RI  5.8  8.1  6.885714
40    SC  6.6 15.9  8.638095
41    SD  6.7 11.1  8.128571
42    TN  8.2 15.5 10.838095
43    TX  6.9 10.5  7.928571
44    UT  7.3 11.2  9.290476
45    VT  7.9 10.9  9.071429
46    VA  6.7 11.4  7.900000
47    WA  6.0  9.5  6.695238
48    WV  6.1  8.7  7.133333
49    WI  5.2  7.9  5.995238
50    WY  7.1 10.7  8.723810

我尝试了多种方法在美国 map 上绘制这些数据，我想要单独的图，仅包含最大值、最小值或平均值。

plot_usmap(regions="states", values="minimum")
plot_usmap(shortie, regions="states", values="minimum")
plot_usmap(shortie, regions="states", values="Min")

我要么得到空白 map ，要么只是空白屏幕。我尝试将“最小值”定义为 Shortie[2:2]，因为有时我会收到错误，指出在数据中未找到 Min 作为列。

这段代码可以运行，但正如您所看到的，它非常长，并且由于某种原因，它没有对佛罗里达赋值，并且如果我包括阿拉斯加和夏威夷，则不会运行。下面的代码不包括阿拉斯加和夏威夷。另外，我想知道除了梯度之外，还有哪些其他替代方法可以通过 ggplot 在视觉上表示数字的最小/最大/平均值。

map.text("state", regions=c("alabama",
                            "arizona",
                            "arkansas",
                            "california",
                            "colorado",
                            "connecticut",
                            "delaware",
                            "district of columbia",
                            "florida",
                            "georgia",
                            "idaho",
                            "illinois",
                            "indiana",
                            "iowa",
                            "kansas",
                            "kentucky",
                            "louisiana",
                            "maine",
                            "maryland",
                            "massachusetts:main",
                            "michigan:north",
                            "minnesota",
                            "mississippi",
                            "missouri",
                            "montana",
                            "nebraska",
                            "nevada",
                            "new hampshire",
                            "new jersey",
                            "new mexico",
                            "new york:main",
                            "north carolina:main",
                            "north dakota",
                            "ohio",
                            "oklahoma",
                            "oregon",
                            "pennsylvania",
                            "rhode island",
                            "south carolina",
                            "south dakota",
                            "tennessee",
                            "texas",
                            "utah",
                            "vermont",
                            "virginia:main",
                            "washington:main",
                            "west virginia",
                            "wisconsin",
                            "wyoming"), labels=as.character(c(7,
5.4,
9.5,
5.8,
6.5,
5,
5.2,
4,
7,
6,
7.8,
5.4,
6.3,
6.1,
5.9,
6.9,
5.6,
7.1,
5.6,
5.5,
5.4,
5.3,
4.8,
6.2,
7.1,
6.3,
28.4,
6.5,
4.8,
4,
6.5,
6.5,
5.8,
5.7,
6.5,
6.3,
5.3,
5.8,
6.6,
6.7,
8.2,
6.9,
7.3,
7.9,
6.7,
6,
6.1,
5.2,
7.1)))

Answer 1

如果您想使用 plot_usmap，您需要确保向函数提供 2 列数据:

A data frame containing values to plot on the map. This parameter should be a data frame consisting of two columns, a fips code (2 characters for state, 5 characters for county) and the value that should be associated with that region. The columns of data must be fips or state and the value of the 'values' parameter.

因此，如果您想绘制最小值，您可以传递shortie[,2:3]:

   state  Min
1     AL  7.0
2     AK  6.9
3     AZ  5.4
4     AR  9.5
5     CA  5.8
...

请注意，state 列名称应为小写，以符合 plot_usmap 的预期。

那么以下应该可以工作(设置values =“Min”):

library(usmap)
library(ggplot2)

plot_usmap(data = shortie[,2:3], 
           regions="states", 
           values="Min") +
  theme(legend.position = "right")

如果要绘制 Max，请使用 shortie[,c(2,4)] 和 values = "Max"。 如果您想绘制平均值，请使用shortie[,c(2,5)] 和values = "Average"。