我正在寻找一些有关如何为 Symfony Service 类编写单元测试的指导。一整天都在网上搜寻,但我最发现的是有关旧 phpunit 版本和旧 Symfony 版本的过时问题和答案。
我正在运行 Symfony 4 并且有一个名为 ApiService.php 的服务类。此类连接到外部 API 服务,我不是在考虑测试此外部 API 服务,而是使用固定数据集测试我自己的方法。
该类的一个非常精简的版本如下所示,位于文件夹src/Service/ApiService.php中:
<?php
namespace App\Service;
use GuzzleHttp\Client;
use GuzzleHttp\Exception\GuzzleException;
use GuzzleHttp\Psr7\Uri;
use JsonException;
class ApiService
{
/**
* Set if test environment is enabled
*
* @var bool
* @since 1.0.0
*/
private bool $test;
/**
* User key for API authentication
*
* @var string
* @since 1.0.0
*/
private string $userKey;
/**
* Construct the class.
*
* @param bool $test Set API mode
* @param string $key Set the API token
*
* @since 1.0.0
*/
public function __construct(bool $test, string $key)
{
$this->userKey = $key;
$this->test = $test;
}
/**
* Search companies.
*
* @param array $params Parameters to filter the query on
* @param array $companies List of retrieved companies
*
* @return array List of companies.
*
* @since 1.0.0
* @throws JsonException
* @throws GuzzleException
*/
public function getCompanies(array $params, array $companies = []): array
{
$results = $this->callApi('search/companies', $params);
if (isset($results['data']['items'])) {
$companies = array_merge(
$companies,
$results['data']['items']
);
}
$nextLink = $results['data']['nextLink'] ?? null;
if ($nextLink) {
$uri = new Uri($nextLink);
parse_str($uri->getQuery(), $params);
$companies = $this->getCompanies($params, $companies);
}
return $companies;
}
/**
* Call the API.
*
* @param string $destination The endpoint to call
* @param array $params The parameters to pass to the API
*
* @return array API details.
*
* @since 1.0.0
* @throws GuzzleException|JsonException
*/
private function callApi(string $destination, array $params = []): array
{
$client = new Client(['base_uri' => 'https://test.com/']);
if ($this->test) {
$destination = 'test' . $destination;
}
if ($this->userKey) {
$params['user_key'] = $this->userKey;
}
$response = $client->get($destination, ['query' => $params]);
return json_decode(
$response->getBody()->getContents(),
true,
512,
JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR
);
}
}
这是我迄今为止完成的测试类,但它不起作用:
<?php
namespace App\Tests\Service;
use App\Service\ApiService;
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
class ApiServiceTest extends TestCase
{
public function testGetCompanies()
{
$result = ['data' => [
'items' => [
1 => 'first',
2 => 'second'
]
];
$apiService = $this->getMockBuilder(ApiService::class)
->disableOriginalConstructor()
->getMock();
$apiService->method('callApi')
->with($result);
$result = $apiService->getCompanies([]);
print_r($result);
}
}
我不明白的是一些事情。
首先我应该扩展哪个类:
- 测试用例
- WebTestCase
- 内核测试用例
第二,如何设置模拟数据,这样我就不会使用外部 API,而是传递我定义的 $result。
如前所述,我并不是要测试外部 API,而是希望在给定要测试的示例数据的情况下,我的方法始终按照测试中设计的方式运行。
任何提示将不胜感激。
最佳答案
您应该从 PHPUnit 的 TestCase
进行扩展。如果您想进行功能测试,WebTestCase
和 KernelTestCase
非常有用。您的案例是一个经典的单元测试:您想要单独测试您的 ApiService
。
ApiService
目前实际上正在做两件事:
- 调用电话
- 处理数据
通过引入专用的 API 客户端将两者分开是一个好主意:
interface ApiClient
{
public function call(string $destination, array $params = []): array;
}
对于您的生产代码,您可以使用 Guzzle 创建一个实现。您可以为发出实际 http 请求的 GuzzleApiClient
编写集成测试,以确保它以预期方式处理响应。
您的 ApiService
现在可以归结为:
final class ApiService
{
private ApiClient $apiClient;
public function __construct(ApiClient $apiClient)
{
$this->apiClient = $apiClient;
}
public function getCompanies(array $params, array $companies = []): array
{
$results = $this->apiClient->call('search/companies', $params);
if (isset($results['data']['items'])) {
$companies = array_merge(
$companies,
$results['data']['items']
);
}
$nextLink = $results['data']['nextLink'] ?? null;
if ($nextLink) {
parse_str(parse_url($nextLink, PHP_URL_QUERY), $params);
$companies = $this->getCompanies($params, $companies);
}
return $companies;
}
}
由于我不知道 ApiService
到底是做什么的,所以我编写了这些示例测试:
/**
* @covers \App\Service\ApiService
*/
class ApiServiceTest extends TestCase
{
/**
* @var MockObject&ApiClient
*/
private ApiClient $apiClient;
private ApiService $subject;
public function testGetCompanies()
{
$this->apiClient->addResponse(
'search/companies',
[],
['data' => ['items' => [1 => 'first', 2 => 'second']]]
);
$result = $this->subject->getCompanies([]);
self::assertEquals(['first', 'second'], $result);
}
public function testGetCompaniesPaginated()
{
$this->apiClient->addResponse(
'search/companies',
[],
['data' => ['items' => [1 => 'first', 2 => 'second'], 'nextLink' => 'search/companies?page=2']]
);
$this->apiClient->addResponse(
'search/companies',
['page' => 2],
['data' => ['items' => [1 => 'third', 2 => 'fourth'], 'nextLink' => 'search/companies?page=3']]
);
$this->apiClient->addResponse(
'search/companies',
['page' => 3],
['data' => ['items' => [1 => 'fifth']]]
);
$result = $this->subject->getCompanies([]);
self::assertEquals(['first', 'second', 'third', 'fourth', 'fifth'], $result);
}
protected function setUp(): void
{
parent::setUp();
$this->apiClient = new class implements ApiClient {
private array $responses = [];
public function call(string $destination, array $params = []): array
{
return $this->responses[$this->key($destination, $params)] ?? [];
}
public function addResponse(string $destination, array $params, array $response)
{
$this->responses[$this->key($destination, $params)] = $response;
}
private function key(string $destination, array $params): string
{
return $destination . implode('-', $params);
}
};
$this->subject = new ApiService($this->apiClient);
}
}
我为 ApiClient
实现创建了一个匿名类。这只是一个例子。当然,您也可以使用 PHPUnit 的模拟、Prophecy 或您喜欢的任何模拟框架。但我发现创建专门的测试替身通常更容易。
关于php - 对 Symfony 服务类进行单元测试,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/63290170/